Caminhos e obstáculos para o acesso à justiça: "o caso do Programa Mediação de Conflitos em Minas Gerais"

Objetivamos, nesse trabalho, demonstrar alguns caminhos e obstáculos relacionados ao acesso à Justiça a partir da execução do Programa Mediação de Conflitos do Estado de Minas Gerais. O tema do acesso à Justiça tem sido foco de amplos estudos sobre o processo de democratização do direito no Brasil. Pesquisadores do campo das ciências sociais e humanas têm dedicado suas produções ao objetivo de compreender o fenômeno do direito e a sua forma de organização-aplicação no país. As diversas iniciativas de descentralização dos serviços jurídicos – diante da necessidade de ampliá-los, especialmente para a população de baixa renda – veem provocando amplas reflexões sobre o sistema político e de justiça no caso brasileiro, com especial atenção aos dilemas encontrados nas características históricas e culturais do país, permitindo diferenciá-los e aproximá-los de outros contextos nacionais. A ascendente vocação do princípio democrático amplia e faz crescer a institucionalização do direito na vida social, contemplando espaços que ainda não se faziam tão expressos por ele, jurisdicionando principalmente, a esfera da vida privada. Este conjunto de elementos é essencial ao presente trabalho, uma vez que apresentamos o desenvolvimento e a prática do Programa Mediação de Conflitos. Buscamos apresentar a criação deste programa desde sua origem, como projeto de pesquisa-ação a partir da concepção do pluralismo jurídico e do “direito achado na rua”. Sua formulação, realizada por meio de reflexões advindas de um grupo de professores do campo do direito da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, que durante a década de 90 criaram um programa de extensão desta mesma universidade – denominado “Polos de Cidadania” – nos levou a compreensão do seu percurso e dos caminhos adotados. Discutimos os principais desafios na execução de métodos de informalização da justiça e de mecanismos de resolução de conflitos, como o procedimento da mediação. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo em que alguns dados socioeconômicos foram incorporados para fins analíticos. Destacamos, sobretudo, o percurso desta experiência por seus idealizadores; apresentamos alguns resultados relacionados aos dados já produzidos por esta prática e quem são os operadores desta experiência atualmente – os mediadores; e buscamos identificar quais são as percepções daqueles que foram atendidos por este programa – suas falas e histórias pessoais – e quais são os caminhos indicados por este segmento social para que o “acesso à Justiça” se torne algo possível de realizar.

Analytical characterization of the aroma of Tinta Negra Mole red wine: Identification of the main odorants compounds

A method for the simultaneous determination of major and minor volatiles composition in different types (dry, medium dry, sweet and medium sweet) of a young Tinta Negra Mole (TNM) monovarietal red wine from 2003 harvest has been validated. Wine samples preparation includes a dichloromethane liquid–liquid extraction followed by concentration under a nitrogen atmosphere. The extracted fraction was analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and give quantitative information for more than 86 analytes whose concentration range from few μg l−1 to 259.1 mg l−1. The method enables high recovery of volatile compounds in wine good linearity with (r2) values higher than 0.980 and good sensitivity. The limits of detection range from 0.003 to 0.534 mg l−1 and limits of quantification from 0.009 to 1.170 mg l−1. The method allows satisfactory determination of more than 80 compounds in the TNM red wines. These wines are characterized by a high content of higher alcohols, ethyl esters, fatty acids and lactones. The levels of sulphur compounds in Tinta Negra Mole medium sweet wines are very low, but they have the highest concentration of carbonyl compounds. Quantitative analysis of the main odorants followed by the determination of aroma index allow us elucidate the aroma of these varieties. On the basis of their odour description and odour threshold, the most powerful odorants of Tinta Negra Mole wines were tentatively established.

Headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with mass spectrometry as a powerful analytical tool for profiling the terpenoid metabolomic pattern of hop-essential oil derived from Saaz variety

Hop(HumuluslupulusL.,Cannabaceaefamily)isprizedforitsessentialoilcontents,usedin beer production and, more recently, in biological and pharmacological applications. In this work,a methodinvolvingheadspace solid-phase microextractionand gas chromatography– mass spectrometry was developed and optimized to establish the terpenoid (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) metabolomic pattern of hop-essential oil derived from Saaz variety as a mean to explore this matrix as a powerful biological source for newer, more selective, biodegradable and naturally produced antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds. Different parameters affecting terpenoid metabolites extraction by headspace solid-phase microextraction were considered and optimized: type of fiber coatings, extraction temperature, extraction time, ionic strength, and sample agitation. In the optimized method, analytes were extracted for 30 min at 40 C in the sample headspace with a 50/30 m divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane coating fiber. The methodology allowed the identification of a total of 27 terpenoid metabolites, representing 92.5% of the total Saaz hop-essential oil volatile terpenoid composition. The headspace composition was dominated by monoterpenes (56.1%, 13 compounds), sesquiterpenes (34.9%, 10), oxygenated monoterpenes (1.41%, 3), and hemiterpenes (0.04%, 1) some of which can probably contribute to the hop of Saaz variety aroma. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the main metabolites are the monoterpene -myrcene (53.0±1.1% of the total volatile fraction), and the cyclic sesquiterpenes, -humulene (16.6 ± 0.8%), and -caryophyllene (14.7 ± 0.4%), which together represent about 80% of the total volatile fraction from the hop-essential oil. Thesefindingssuggestthatthismatrixcanbeexploredasapowerfulbiosourceofterpenoid metabolites.

Paradigms in health care and its relationship to the nursing theories: an analytical test

DANTAS, Rodrigo Assis Neves; NÓBREGA, Walkíria Gomes da; MORAIS FILHO, Luiz Alves; MACÊDO, Eurides Araújo Bezerra de ; FONSECA , Patrícia de Cássia Bezerra; ENDERS, Bertha Cruz; MENEZES, Rejane Maria Paiva de; TORRES , Gilson de Vasconcelos. Paradigms in health care and its relationship to the nursing theories: an analytical test . Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line. v.4,n.2, p.16-24.abr/jun. 2010. Disponível em < http://www.ufpe.br/revistaenfermagem/index.php/revista>.

Development of a new analytical approach based on cellulose membrane and chelator for differentiation of labile and inert metal species in aquatic systems

A new procedure was developed in this study, based on a system equipped with a cellulose membrane and a tetraethylenepentamine hexaacetate chelator (MD-TEPHA) for in situ characterization of the lability of metal species in aquatic systems. To this end, the DM-TEPHA system was prepared by adding TEPHA chelator to cellulose bags pre-purified with 1.0 mol L-1 of HCl and NaOH solutions. After the MD-TEPHA system was sealed, it was examined in the laboratory to evaluate the influence of complexation time (0-24 h), pH (3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0), metal ions (Cu, Cd, Fe, Mn and Ni) and concentration of organic matter (15, 30 and 60 mg L-1) on the relative lability of metal species by TEPHA chelator. The results showed that Fe and Cu metals were complexed more slowly by TEPHA chelator in the MD-TEPHA system than were Cd, Ni and Mn in all pH used. It was also found that the pH strongly influences the process of metal complexation by the MD-TEPHA system. At all the pH levels, Cd, Mn and Ni showed greater complexation with TEPHA chelator (recovery of about 95-75%) than did Cu and Fe metals. Time also affects the lability of metal species complexed by aquatic humic substances (AHS); while Cd, Ni and Mn showed a faster kinetics, reaching equilibrium after about 100 min, and Cu and Fe approached equilibrium after 400 min. Increasing the AHS concentration decreases the lability of metal species by shifting the equilibrium to AHS-metal complexes. Our results indicate that the system under study offers an interesting alternative that can be applied to in situ experiments for differentiation of labile and inert metal species in aquatic systems. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Stability and Local Toxicity Evaluation of a Liposomal Prilocaine Formulation

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Pharmacological and local toxicity studies of a liposomal formulation for the novel local anaesthetic ropivacaine

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Flow-injection spectrophotometric determination of dipyrone in pharmaceutical formulations using ammonium molybdate as chromogenic reagent

A simple and rapid flow-injection spectrophotometric method is reported for the determination of dipyrone in pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the reaction of dipyrone with ammonium molybdate in acidic medium to produce blue molybdenum, which was detected spectrophotometrically at 620 nm. The analyte was determined in a single-line flow system. The calibration curve obtained was linear in the range of 5x10(-4) to 8x10(-3) mol L-1 for dipyrone concentration and the precision ( s r =1.7%) was satisfactory. The method proved to be selective and adequately sensitive. Application of the method to the analysis of pharmaceutical samples resulted in excellent accuracy; the percent mean recoveries were in the range 95.3%-101% and relative errors less than 5.0% for five pharmaceutical formulations were found.

Different criteria of feed formulation for broilers aged 43 to 49 days

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Otimização de forma aplicando B-splines sob critério integral de tensões

This work proposes a computational methodology to solve problems of optimization in structural design. The application develops, implements and integrates methods for structural analysis, geometric modeling, design sensitivity analysis and optimization. So, the optimum design problem is particularized for plane stress case, with the objective to minimize the structural mass subject to a stress criterion. Notice that, these constraints must be evaluated at a series of discrete points, whose distribution should be dense enough in order to minimize the chance of any significant constraint violation between specified points. Therefore, the local stress constraints are transformed into a global stress measure reducing the computational cost in deriving the optimal shape design. The problem is approximated by Finite Element Method using Lagrangian triangular elements with six nodes, and use a automatic mesh generation with a mesh quality criterion of geometric element. The geometric modeling, i.e., the contour is defined by parametric curves of type B-splines, these curves hold suitable characteristics to implement the Shape Optimization Method, that uses the key points like design variables to determine the solution of minimum problem. A reliable tool for design sensitivity analysis is a prerequisite for performing interactive structural design, synthesis and optimization. General expressions for design sensitivity analysis are derived with respect to key points of B-splines. The method of design sensitivity analysis used is the adjoin approach and the analytical method. The formulation of the optimization problem applies the Augmented Lagrangian Method, which convert an optimization problem constrained problem in an unconstrained. The solution of the Augmented Lagrangian function is achieved by determining the analysis of sensitivity. Therefore, the optimization problem reduces to the solution of a sequence of problems with lateral limits constraints, which is solved by the Memoryless Quasi-Newton Method It is demonstrated by several examples that this new approach of analytical design sensitivity analysis of integrated shape design optimization with a global stress criterion purpose is computationally efficient

PLGA nanoparticles containing praziquantel: effect of formulation variables on size distribution

Praziquantel has been shown to be highly effective against all known species of Schistosoma infecting humans. Spherical nanoparticulate drug carriers made of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) acid with controlled size were designed. Praziquantel, a hydrophobic molecule, was entrapped into the nanoparticles with theoretical loading varying from 10 to 30% (w/w). This investigates the effects of some process variables on the size distribution of nanoparticles prepared by emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The results show that sonication time, PLGA and drug amounts, PVA concentration, ratio between aqueous and organic phases, and the method of solvent evaporation have a significant influence on size distribution of the nanoparticles. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Analytical Validation of Quantitative High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Methods in Pharmaceutical Analysis: A Practical Approach

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Tigecycline: A Review of Properties, Applications, and Analytical Methods

Tigecycline is a new glycylcycline with an expanded broad-spectrum antibiotic, including inhibition of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, atypical, anaerobic, and antibiotic-resistant organisms. Trials have demonstrated that tigecycline is noninferior to the comparators for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections as well as complicated intra-abdominal infections. Tigecycline is only available as an intravenous preparation and analytical methods to its quantitation in pharmaceutical products has not been published to date. This review examined tigecycline characteristics, the spectrum and mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, applications, and, mainly, the instrumental conditions of published chromatographic methods used to measure tigecycline, its metabolites, and some analogs in clinical and biologic research.

A Review of Analytical Techniques for Determination of Glimepiride: Present and Perspectives

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Analytical Methods for the Determination of Chlorhexidine: A Review

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)