Symbiotic Cities: Buenos Aires, Montevideo, and Mass Culture, 1910-1960

This dissertation examines how Buenos Aires emerged as a creative capital of mass culture and cultural industries in South America during a period when Argentine theater and cinema expanded rapidly, winning over a regional marketplace swelled by transatlantic immigration, urbanization and industrialization. I argue that mass culture across the River Plate developed from a singular dynamic of exchange and competition between Buenos Aires and neighboring Montevideo. The study focuses on the Argentine, Uruguayan, and international performers, playwrights, producers, cultural impresarios, critics, and consumers who collectively built regional cultural industries. The cultural industries in this region blossomed in the interwar period as the advent of new technologies like sound film created profitable opportunities for mass cultural production and new careers for countless theater professionals. Buenos Aires also became a global cultural capital in the wider Hispanic Atlantic world, as its commercial culture served a region composed largely of immigrants and their descendants. From the 1920s through the 1940s, Montevideo maintained a subordinate but symbiotic relationship with Buenos Aires. The two cities shared interlinked cultural marketplaces that attracted performers and directors from the Atlantic world to work in theatre and film productions, especially in times of political upheaval such as the Spanish Civil War and the Perón era in Argentina. As a result of this transnational process, Argentine mass culture became widely consumed throughout South America, competing successfully with Hollywood, European, and other Latin American cinemas and helping transform Buenos Aires into a cosmopolitan metropolis. By examining the relationship between regional and national frames of cultural production, my dissertation contributes to the fields of Latin American studies and urban history while seeking to de-center the United States and Europe from the central framing of transnational history.

Nietzsche's orphans: music and the search for unity in revolutionary Russia, 1905-1921

At the dawn of the twentieth century, Imperial Russia was in the throes of immense social, political and cultural upheaval. The effects of rapid industrialization, rising capitalism and urbanization, as well as the trauma wrought by revolution and war, reverberated through all levels of society and every cultural sphere. In the aftermath of the 1905 revolution, amid a growing sense of panic over the chaos and divisions emerging in modern life, a portion of Russian educated society (obshchestvennost’) looked to the transformative and unifying power of music as a means of salvation from the personal, social and intellectual divisions of the contemporary world. Transcending professional divisions, these “orphans of Nietzsche” comprised a distinct aesthetic group within educated Russian society. While lacking a common political, religious or national outlook, these philosophers, poets, musicians and other educated members of the upper and middle strata were bound together by their shared image of music’s unifying power, itself built upon a synthesis of Russian and European ideas. They yearned for a “musical Orpheus,” a composer capable of restoring wholeness to society through his music. My dissertation is a study in what I call “musical metaphysics,” an examination of the creation, development, crisis and ultimate failure of this Orphic worldview. To begin, I examine the institutional foundations of musical life in late Imperial Russia, as well as the explosion of cultural life in the aftermath of the 1905 Revolution, a vibrant social context which nourished the formation of musical metaphysics. From here, I assess the intellectual basis upon which musical metaphysics rested: central concepts (music, life-transformation, theurgy, unity, genius, nation), as well as the philosophical heritage of Nietzsche and the Christian thinkers Vladimir Solov’ev, Aleksei Khomiakov, Ivan Kireevskii and Lev Tolstoi. Nietzsche’s orphans’ struggle to reconcile an amoral view of reality with a deeply felt sense of religious purpose gave rise to neo-Slavophile interpretations of history, in which the Russian nation (narod) was singled out as the savior of humanity from the materialism of modern life. This nationalizing tendency existed uneasily within the framework of the multi-ethnic empire. From broad social and cultural trends, I turn to detailed analysis of three of Moscow’s most admired contemporary composers, whose individual creative voices intersected with broader social concerns. The music of Aleksandr Scriabin (1871-1915) was associated with images of universal historical progress. Nikolai Medtner (1879-1951) embodied an “Imperial” worldview, in which musical style was imbued with an eternal significance which transcended the divisions of nation. The compositions of Sergei Rachmaninoff (1873-1943) were seen as the expression of a Russian “national” voice. Heightened nationalist sentiment and the impact of the Great War spelled the doom of this musical worldview. Music became an increasingly nationalized sphere within which earlier, Imperial definitions of belonging grew ever more problematic. As the Germanic heritage upon which their vision was partially based came under attack, Nietzsche’s orphans found themselves ever more divided and alienated from society as a whole. Music’s inability to physically transform the world ultimately came to symbolize the failure of Russia’s educated strata to effectively deal with the pressures of a modernizing society. In the aftermath of the 1917 revolutions, music was transformed from a symbol of active, unifying power into a space of memory, a means of commemorating, reinterpreting, and idealizing the lost world of Imperial Russia itself.

Contributos para uma estratégia de marketing territorial para a região de Moimenta da Beira

Num contexto de urbanização, de acesa competitividade e desertificação do interior, assiste-se cada vez mais a cenários de concorrência entre territórios pela captação de recursos, investimentos, negócios e até visitantes e turistas, capazes de gerar dinâmicas positivas no território, palco deste movimento. Algumas projeções indiciam que o interior de Portugal terá, em 2040, cerca de um terço da população atual e, se a tendência de declínio demográfico se mantiver, em 90 anos o interior perderá 75 por cento da população. Neste contexto, o presente estudo tem por finalidade alertar os decisores políticos para o desenvolvimento de estratégias que possam atrair pessoas para o interior do país e estancar a sua desertificação. Para o efeito, o projeto que se apresenta vai procurar definir uma estratégia de marketing territorial para o concelho de Moimenta da Beira, tendo por base os seus produtos endógenos, como a maçã, o vinho, o mel, os enchidos, os granitos, o património religioso e cultural e, por fim, o património natural, como a Albufeira do Vilar e a Serra da Nave. Para a realização do referido estudo, foi seguida uma metodologia que teve por base uma revisão de literatura na área do marketing territorial, a análise de dados secundários e a realização de entrevistas aos principais Stakeholders da região. Os resultados deste estudo permitirão definir orientações para reforçar a atratividade e competitividade da oferta territorial junto dos segmentos alvo, ou seja, dos atuais e potenciais utilizadores do território.

Evaluating green infrastructure in urban environments using a multi-taxa and functional diversity approach

Forested areas within cities host a large number of species, responsible for many ecosystem services in urban areas. The biodiversity in these areas is influenced by human disturbances such as atmospheric pollution and urban heat island effect. To ameliorate the effects of these factors, an increase in urban green areas is often considered sufficient. However, this approach assumes that all types of green cover have the same importance for species. Our aim was to show that not all forested green areas are equal in importance for species, but that based on a multi-taxa and functional diversity approach it is possible to value green infrastructure in urban environments. After evaluating the diversity of lichens, butterflies and other-arthropods, birds and mammals in 31 Mediterranean urban forests in south-west Europe (Almada, Portugal), bird and lichen functional groups responsive to urbanization were found. A community shift (tolerant species replacing sensitive ones) along the urbanization gradient was found, and this must be considered when using these groups as indicators of the effect of urbanization. Bird and lichen functional groups were then analyzed together with the characteristics of the forests and their surroundings. Our results showed that, contrary to previous assumptions, vegetation density and more importantly the amount of urban areas around the forest (matrix), are more important for biodiversity than forest quantity alone. This indicated that not all types of forested green areas have the same importance for biodiversity. An index of forest functional diversity was then calculated for all sampled forests of the area. This could help decision-makers to improve the management of urban green infrastructures with the goal of increasing functionality and ultimately ecosystem services in urban areas.

PARTICIPATORY PLANNING PILOT CASE STUDY IN CHINA: REALITY, CHALLENGES & LESSONS LEARNED FROM US

Urban planning in China is in a period of change, where participatory planning may supplement the traditional planning system. Since the beginning of the 21st century, several pilot participatory planning projects have responded to the new challenge. The author collected eight cases from the Chinese planning institution to explore the possible models of and barriers to participatory planning. On the other hand, public participation has been a concrete component of planning and implementation process in the United States. The author will also elaborate on one practical case of the planning process in the United States to compare the two countries on planning methods and barriers.

[The France of margins: a very small population or significance?]

International audience

Utilização de restituição aerofotogramétrica para análise da influência das alterações da rede de drenagem e desenvolvimento de voçorocas devido a urbanização no Município de Jacareí (SP)

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Geografia, 2015.

Relação entre ciclo de vida do produto turístico e estratégias de cooperação na faixa litorânea urbana do município de Natal

Tourism in the Northeast of Brazil was introduced as an alternative economic development for the Region by federal promoting policies that focused primarily in structuring the local geographic area. With the completion of these structuring actions, mass tourism expanding the area, as well as spread actions based on cooperation and formalization of governance institutions. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the life cycle of the tourism product 'Coastal Cities of Natal and the cooperation strategies in a historical perspective. Thus was submitted to the life cycle of the tourism product 'Coastal Cities of Natal ; the major projects of tourism development were mapped, the existing cooperation strategies were characterized, and investigated the influence of the cooperation actions for the current stage of product. The specific theoretical support to tourism was built on the perspective of the Theory of Population Ecology, System of Tourism and Touristic Product Life Cycle. Regarding to cooperation the theoretical foundation addressed issues of strategy, New Forms and Collective Efficiency. The survey consisted of a causal descriptive study, using a case study. We used the qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches, and data collected by consulting of secondary data and semistructured interviews with twelve staff working in tourism in Natal. Results showed that the life cycle graph of product 'Coastal Cities of Natal is moving from one stage of growth to a stage of maturity, with a primary upward trend and with crises that are up over the graph. They have been mapped six of tourism development projects of relevance to the product: The Politics of Mega Projects, PRODETUR/NE, Municipalization National Program of Tourism, Regionalization Program, Urbanization Project Beach do Meio and Actions for the Promotion of Destiny. They have been identified sixty-four participating players in process of tourism development, which twenty were considered relevant to the respondents. The main strategies identified for cooperation were the consortium, collective strategy and clusters. Results indicated that co-operation strategies were adopted so that the benefits were obtained at the collective level, dedicated to the strengthening of Natal Destiny and its products. The main reasons were the need of cooperative marketing, international market entry and actions inducing the state. Finally, it was concluded that strategies for cooperation related to product life cycle 'Coastal Cities of Natal' as that work in the consolidation of projects for development of tourism, when the efficiency of collective action is achieved

As Operações de Transformação Fundiária Resultantes do Loteamento e o (seu) Registo

O presente trabalho corresponde ao Trabalho de Projeto Avançado do Mestrado em Solicitadoria, na área do Registo Predial, apresentado na Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão de Felgueiras, conducente à obtenção do grau de Mestre. Tem como objeto o registo das operações de transformação fundiária resultantes de loteamento. No primeiro capítulo, começamos por abordar, de uma forma geral, a necessidade de lotear e a sua relação com o registo. Tratamos da noção de loteamento, referimos a sua evolução de uma forma breve e desenvolvemos quais as formas de titulação no âmbito do loteamento. Referimos o regime da propriedade horizontal como alternativa ao licenciamento. Para finalizar, e como não podia deixar de ser, explicamos os efeitos reais e registais, bem como as suas implicações jurídicas. No segundo capítulo, centramo-nos nas condições especiais dos loteamentos, nomeadamente as cedências, os negócios jurídicos e a prestação de caução. No que respeita às cedências, fazemos a distinção entre as cedências para o domínio privado ou domínio publico e caracterizamos os inerentes negócios jurídicos, conforme os casos. Analisamos a prestação de caução como garantia de execução das obras de urbanização, fazendo referência ao seu montante. No terceiro capítulo, tratamos da validade e eficácia dos atos, começando pela cassação do título, em que consiste e quando é que a ela há lugar. Tratamos, também, a caducidade, declaração de nulidade e anulação. Quanto à caducidade, identificamos os diferentes tipos e em que momento pode ocorrer. No que respeita à declaração de nulidade, falamos de seu regime, quando é que estamos perante um ato nulo e quais os seus efeitos. Por fim e no que concerne à anulação, caracterizamos a anulabilidade dos atos de controlo prévio das operações urbanísticas. Desenvolvemos, também, o embargo, especificamos em que situações o mesmo se determina, qual o procedimento a adotar e quais os seus efeitos. No quarto e último capítulo, abordamos as operações de transformação fundiária isentas de licença, nomeadamente o destaque, referindo qual a sua natureza jurídica, bem como as suas implicações registais e as outras operações de transformação fundiária isentas de licença. O método usado assenta na análise das questões estudadas, com recurso a autores, doutrina e jurisprudência pertinentes nesta matéria.

Urban hazards : spatial ecology and survivorship of a turtle in an expanding suburban environment

Czynniki kształtujące liczebność populacji jeża wschodniego Erinaceus roumanicus Barrett-Hamilton, 1900 w środowisku zurbanizowanym

Wydział Biologii

Changes in the community structure of urban and rural forest patches in Baltimore from 1998 to 2015

Urban forests are often highly fragmented with many exotic species. Altered disturbance regimes and environmental pollutants influence urban forest vegetation. One of the best ways to understand the impacts of land-use on forest composition is through long-term research. In 1998, the Baltimore Ecosystem Study established eight forest plots to investigate the impacts of urbanization on natural ecosystems. Four plots were located in urban forest patches and four were located in rural forests. In 2015, I revisited these plots to measure abundances and quantify change in forest composition, diversity, and structure. Sapling, shrub, and seedling abundance were reduced in the rural plots. Alpha diversity and turnover was lower in the rural plots. Beta diversity was reduced in the rural plots. The structure of the urban plots was mostly unchanged, except for a highly reduced sapling layer. Beta diversity in the urban plots was consistent across surveys due to high species turnover.

CERAMIC MATERIAL FROM SEWAGE SLUDGE AS SUPPORT MATERIAL SUPPLY WATER FILTRATION

This study shows a possibility of using municipal sewage sludge after thermal treatment in the production of a filtering material to water treatment. Due to the fast urbanization and implementation of high standards for effluent in many countries in recent years, the sewage sludge is being produced in an ever increasing amount. Therefore, the use of sludge is a suitable solution for the expected large quantity of sludge. Dehydration of sludge was performed by controlled heating at temperatures of 1100 degrees C, 850 degrees C, 650 degrees C, 350 degrees C for 3 hours. After thermal treatment the sludge was characterized by X-ray fluorescence, TG/DTG/DTA, residue solubilization and residue lixiviation tests. The aim of the present work was to observe, thought the characterization techniques, if the treated sewage sludge is or not adequate to be used as filter material to water treatment. It will be verified which treatment temperature of the sludge offer possibility to its use in water treatment without carrying pollutants in concentrations out of the standards.

Propuesta de diseño del parque urbano en los predios de la brigada de Artillería del Portete

Resumen La desmesurada forma en la que está creciendo la ciudad y la sociedad en general, ha ocasionado un desequilibrio en la relación personas - espacio público recreacional. A partir de esta condición se ha tomado la iniciativa nacional de reciclar espacios semipúblicos y convertirlos en equipamientos que contribuyan a la formación de los ciudadanos. Los urbanistas señalan como fin último el mejorar la calidad de vida, siendo en el espacio urbano lo público el núcleo a partir del cual se contribuye a este objetivo. Los cuarteles militares en muchas de las urbes del país han sido alcanzados por la urbanización, pudiéndose ocupar estos sitios para solucionar la problemática urbana que se ha generado en torno a estos lugares. En esta tesis se evidencia que la arquitectura se piensa y se produce desde el lugar, tomando como referencia la metodología del análisis espacial urbano, y complementándola a su vez con la obra y el pensamiento de Rafael Pina Lupiañez. El sector del predio de la Brigada de Artillería Portete es el espacio idóneo para una intervención, en el cual se ha implantado la propuesta de un parque urbano recreacional, donde no solo se ha potencializado las características trópicas y antrópicas sino también se ha conseguido mitigar las condiciones desfavorables. Se ha considerado este proyecto como el precursor para facilitar el cambio de uso a estos espacios semipúblicos restringidos que tanto se necesitan dentro de la ciudad, siendo un primer acercamiento con el cuerpo militar.

Adsorção de Pb(II) utilizando adsorvente composto por montmorilonita e dolomita

The destructive impact of improper disposal of heavy metals in the environment increases as a direct result of population explosion, urbanization and industrial expansion and technological developments. Argil are potential materials for adsorption of inorganic and the pelletization of it is required for use in adsorptive columns of fixed bed. The low cost and the possibility of regeneration makes these materials attractive for use in the purification process, capable of removing inorganic compounds in contaminated aquatic environments. In this work was made pellets of a mixture of dolomite and montmorillonite by wet agglomeration, in different percentages. The removal of Pb (II) was investigated through experimental studies, and was modeled by kinetic models and isotherms of adsorption. The materials were characterized using the techniques of XRD, TG / DTA, FT-IR, and surface area by BET method. The results showed the adsorption efficiency of the contaminant by the composite material studied in synthetic solution. The study found that the adsorption follows the Langmuir model, and the kinetics of adsorption follows the model of pseudosecond order