Caso fatal de adiaspiromicose pulmonar humana

É descrito um caso fatal de adiaspiromicose pulmonar, em paciente do sexo masculino, lavrador, que vivia em Planaltina-DF, para onde se mudara, vindo do Nordeste, cerca de um ano antes do aparecimento da enfermidade. As manifestações principais consistiram em febre, calafrios, mialgias, tosse seca e dispnéia. Após cinco semanas, o paciente faleceu, devido a insuficiência respiratória. Na autópsia, lesões nodulares incontáveis, medindo alguns milímetros de diâmetro, apareciam disseminadas por todos os lobos de ambos os pulmões. O exame microscópico revelou a existência, dentro dos nódulos, de estruturas redondas, volumosas (atingiam até 600 /tm de diâmetro), providas de membrana espessa, e identificadas como adiaconídios de Chrysosporium parvum var. crescens. Esses adiaconídios eram sempre encontrados no interior de microabscessos ou de áreas de necrose tissular, ambos cercados por reação granulomatosa. Os alvéolos pulmonares, não comprometidos pelos nódulos, apresentavam-se cheios de células da inflamação, principalmente macrófagos e neutrófilos. O achado de outros casos, não fatais, da doença, nos arredores de Brasília, indica que a adiaspiromicose deve ser endêmica na região do Planalto Central brasileiro, lugar onde o clima, principalmente nos meses de agosto a outubro, é quente e seco, com ventos fortes, fatores que devem contribuir para a disseminação dos conídios de C. parvum.

Susceptibilidad "in vitro" de cepas de Cryptococcus a 5 drogas antifungicas

Se estudió la susceptibilidad "in vitro" de 24 cepas de 3 especies del género Cryptococcus a 5 drogas antifúngicas (anfotericina B, 5 fluorocitosina, ketoconazol, itraconazol y miconazol). Las mismas se agruparon según su especie, variedad y origen de aislamiento. Para determinar la concentración inhibitoria mínima (C.I.M.) de cada droga se empleó el método de dilución en agar con el medio básico nitrogenado para levaduras, adicionado de glucosa. Se obtuvo además la media geométrica de estos valores para cada grupo y se comparó cada uno de ellos. Los resultados obtenidos fueron homogéneos con la sola excepción de las cepas de Cryptococcus sp (no neoformans), en las cuales se detectaron elevados valores de C.I.M. para la 5 fluorocitosina.

Histoplasma com derrame pleural: relato de um caso

Efusões pleurais surgem raramente em associação com a histoplasmose capsu-lata, ocorrendo em geral nas formas agudas da doença. Relatamos e discutimos um caso clínico em que um histoplasmoma subpleural acompanhou-se de dor pleurítica, hidrotórax e pleurite fibrosante.

Evaluation of temporal, seasonal and geographic stability of the molluscicidal property of Euphorbia splendens latex

Laboratory tests with aqueous solutions of Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii latex have demonstrated seasonal stability of the molluscicidal principle, with LD90 values of 1.14 ppm (spring), 1.02 ppm (fall), 1.09 ppm (winter), and 1.07 ppm (summer) that have been determined against Biomphalaria tenagophila in the field. Assays on latex collected in Belo Horizonte and Recife yielded LD90 values similar to those obtained with the reference substance collected in Rio de Janeiro (Ilha do Governador), demonstrating geographic stability of the molluscicidal effect. The molluscicidal action of aqueous dilutions of the latex in natura, centrifuged (precipitate) and lyophilized, was stable for up to 124 days at room temperature (in natura) and for up to 736 days in a common refrigerator at 10 to 12ºC (lyophilized product). A 5.0 ppm solution is 100% lethal for snails up to 13 days after preparation, the effect being gradually lost to almost total inactivity by the 30th day. This observation indicated that the active principle is instable. These properties together with the wide distribution of the plant, its resistance and adaptation to the tropical climate, its easy cultivation and the easy obtention of latex and preparation of the molluscicidal solution, make this a promising material for large-scale use in the control of schistosomiasis

African histoplasmosis: report of the first case in Brazil and treatment with itraconazole

We report the first case of African histoplasmosis diagnosed in Brazil. The patient was an immigrant from Angola who had come to Brazil six months after the appearance of the skin lesion. The skin of the right retroauricular area was the only site of involvement. The diagnosis was established by direct mycologic examination, culture and by histopathologic examination of the lesion. The patient was successfully treated with Itraconazole 100mg a day for 52 days. No recurrent skin lesions were observed during the ten month follow-up period.

A gestão do risco em instituições bancárias: uma análise com recurso a medidas de avaliação da performance ajustadas ao risco

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentado ao Instituto de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Auditoria sob orientação do Mestre Carlos Mota

Compensação da energia reactiva com minimização de perturbações sobre a rede eléctrica

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para a obtenção de grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica Ramo de Automação e Electrónica Industrial

Dermatofitoses humanas no interior do Rio Grande do Sul no período 1988-1992

O espectro dos dermatófitos na região central do Rio Grande do Sul demonstrou importante variação na frequência das espécies no período 1988-1992. As espécies antropofilicas Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale e Epidermophyton floccosum diminuíram em frequência, enquanto as espécies zoofílicas Microsporum canis e T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes apresentaram sensível aumento. São comentadas as alterações na relação parasita/hospedeiro em função das alterações na morfología dos agentes e a dificuldade do isolamento destes agentes em cultivo.

Histoplasmose disseminada em pacientes com Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida (SIDA): estudo de 25 casos

São apresentados 25 casos de histoplasmose disseminada em pacientes com SIDA. O envolvimento mucocutâneo estabeleceu o diagnóstico de histoplasmose disseminada em 68% dos casos. Destacamos a importância da histoplasmose como infecção oportunística em paciente HIV positivo.

Flucytosine + fluconazole association in the treatment of a murine experimental model of cryptococcosis

The efficacy of flucytosine (5-FC) and fluconazole (FLU) association in the treatment of a murine experimental model of cryptococcosis, was evaluated. Seven groups of 10 Balb C mice each, were intraperitoneally inoculated with 10(7) cells of Cryptococcus neoformans. Six groups were allocated to receive 5-FC (300 mg/kg) and FLU (16 mg/ kg), either combined and individually, by daily gavage beginning 5 days after the infection, for 2 and 4 weeks. One group received distilled water and was used as control. The evaluation of treatments was based on: survival time; macroscopic examination of brain, lungs, liver and spleen at autopsy; presence of capsulated yeasts in microscopic examination of wet preparations of these organs and cultures of brain homogenate. 5-FC and FLU, individually or combined, significantly prolonged the survival time of the treated animals with respect to the control group (p<0.01). Animals treated for 4 weeks survived significantly longer than those treated for 2 weeks (p<0.01). No significant differences between the animals treated with 5-FC and FLU combined or separately were observed in the survival time and morphological parameters. The association of 5-FC and FLU does not seem to be more effective than 5-FC or FLU alone, in the treatment of this experimental model of cryptococcosis.

Interferon gamma increases survival in urine experimental cryptococcosis

Systemic disease by Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) is a common opportunistic infection in immunodeficient patients. Cellular immunity seems to be the most important determinant of resistance. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of recombinant rat interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in murine cryptococcosis (Balb/c mice infected by IP route with the Rivas strain of C. neoformans), evaluating survival time, macroscopic and microscopic examination of the organs, and massive seeding of brain homogenate. IFN-gamma treatment, at a daily dose of 10,000 IU, did not modify significantly these variables when mice were challenged with a high inoculum (10(7) yeasts) and treatment was delayed to 5 days after infection (median survival 21 days in control mice vs. 23 days in IFN-treated). Another set of experiments suggested that IFN-gamma treatment, at a dose of 10,000 IU/day, begun at the moment of infection could be useful (it prolonged survival from 20 to 28 days, although the difference did not achieve statistical signification). When used simultaneously with infection by 3.5 x 10(5) yeasts, IFN-gamma at 10,000 IU/day for 15 days significantly prolonged survival of mice (p = 0.004). These results suggest that, depending on the experimental conditions, IFN-gamma can improve survival of mice infected with a lethal dose of C. neoformans.

Cerebrospinal fluid profiles in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with and without neurocryptococcosis

Cryptococcosis is one of the most common fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) in AIDS patients and meningoencephalitis or meningitis is a frequently observed manifestation. However, systematic studies of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition from AIDS patients with CNS cryptococcosis have been few. CSF samples from 114 HIV seropositive patients whose clinical complaint suggested CNS involvement, were analyzed; 32 samples from patients diagnosed as having neurocryptococcosis (Group 1) and 82 samples from patients with no identified neurological disfunction (Group 2). Based on cytological and biochemical results, two distinct profiles were observed: Normal (Group 1 = 31%, Group 2 = 39%); Abnormal (Group 1 = 69%, Group 2 = 61%). Lymphocytes were the most frequent cells in both groups. Our CSF cytological and biochemical findings showed that in AIDS patients liquoric abnormalities are quite frequent, non-specific and difficult to interpret. In these circumstances a systematic search to identify the etiologic agent using microbiological and/or immunological assays must be routinely performed

Projecto solvência II - Modelação do risco de subscrição numa companhia de seguros não vida

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Matemática e Aplicações - Actuariado, Estatística e Investigação Operacional

Virulence Factors IN Fungi OF Systemic Mycoses

Pathogenic fungi that cause systemic mycoses retain several factors which allow their growth in adverse conditions provided by the host, leading to the establishment of the parasitic relationship and contributing to disease development. These factors are known as virulence factors which favor the infection process and the pathogenesis of the mycoses. The present study evaluates the virulence factors of pathogenic fungi such as Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in terms of thermotolerance, dimorphism, capsule or cell wall components as well as enzyme production. Virulence factors favor fungal adhesion, colonization, dissemination and the ability to survive in hostile environments and elude the immune response mechanisms of the host. Both the virulence factors presented by different fungi and the defense mechanisms provided by the host require action and interaction of complex processes whose knowledge allows a better understanding of the pathogenesis of systemic mycoses.

Cryptococcosis: a review of the brazilian experience for the disease

Cryptococcosis is a systemic mycosis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. The disease occurs in patients with cellular immunodeficiency. The incidence of cryptococcosis arises with aids, and mycosis is one of the opportunistic infections that defines AIDS. After the HAART era the occurrence of cryptococcosis decreased all over the world, but it still continues to be a prevalent disease in Brazil. Thus, we consider this paper to be very important as a result of our reviewing of Brazilian literature regarding some relevant aspects of that disease.