浅谈科学事业单位实行国库集中支付后如何做好出纳工作

<正>随着我国经济体制改革的不断深入,财会制度改革也不断深化,特别是《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划的建议》,明确提出要推进财政税收体制改革,加快公共财政体系建设,继续深化部门预算,国库集中支付,政府采购和收支两条线管理制度改革,随之,我国科研事业单位财会制度改革又有了新的进展。近年来由于国家对科研工作的高度重视,国家对科研项目的投资规模很大。为了保证科研项

四川省汶川县土地利用变化对森林野生动物生境的影响

基于野外调查和地理信息系统技术,对四川省汶川县1974—2000年的土地利用变化进行了分析,并结合生境适宜性模型对野生动物生境适宜性进行了评价,分析了适宜生境变化的原因。结果表明:研究区1974—2000年土地利用变化明显,森林面积下降,而草地、灌木林地和农田增加;野生动物适宜生境减少,核心区面积减少且距离加大,不利于野生动物的保护。造成这一变化的主要原因是人口的增加和地区经济发展。因此,在经济发展的同时,应该加强野生动物的保护。

Molecular cloning, genomic organization and functional analysis of an anti-lipopolysaccharide factor from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis

Anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) represents one kind of basic proteins, which binds and neutralizes LPS and exhibits strong antibacterial activity against Gram-negative R-type bacteria. The ALF gene of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (Milne Edwards, 1853) (denoted as EsALF) was identified from haemocytes by expressed sequence tag (EST) and PCR approaches. The full-length cDNA of EsALF consisted of 700 nucleotides with a canonical polyadenylation signal-sequence AATAAA, a polyA tail, and an open-reading frame of 363 bp encoding 120 amino acids. The high similarity of EsALF-deduced amino acid sequence shared with the ALFs from other species indicated that EsALF should be a member of ALF family. The mRNA expression of EsALF in the tissues of heart, gonad, gill, haemocytes, eyestalk and muscle was examined by Northern blot analysis and mRNA transcripts of EsALF were mainly detected in haemocytes, heart and gonad. The temporal expression of EsALF in haemocytes after Vibrio anguillarum challenge was recorded by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The relative expression level of EsALF was up-regulated rapidly at 2 h post-injection and reached 3-fold to that in blank group. After a drastic decrease to the original level from 4 to 8h, the expression level increased again and reached 4-fold to that in the blank group at 12 h post-injection. The genomic DNA sequence of EsALF gene consists of 1174bp containing three exons and two introns. The coding sequence of the EsALF mature peptide was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)-pLysS to further elucidate its biological functions. The purified recombinant product showed bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive (G(+)) and Gram-negative (G(-)) bacteria, which demonstrated that the rEsALF was a broad-spectrum antibacterial peptide. All these results indicated that EsALF was an acute-phase protein involved in the immune responses of Chinese mitten crab, and provided a potential therapeutic agent for disease control in aquaculture. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Origin and Pathway of Equatorial 13 degrees C Water in the Pacific Identified by a Simulated Passive Tracer and Its Adjoint

The origin and pathway of the thermostad water in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, often referred to as the equatorial 13 degrees C Water, are investigated using a simulated passive tracer and its adjoint, based on circulation estimates of a global general circulation model. Results demonstrate that the source region of the 13 degrees C Water lies well outside the tropics. In the South Pacific, some 13 degrees C Water is formed northeast of New Zealand, confirming an earlier hypothesis on the water's origin. The South Pacific origin of the 13 degrees C Water is also related to the formation of the Eastern Subtropical Mode Water (ESTMW) and the Sub-Antarctic Mode Water (SAMW). The portion of the ESTMW and SAMW that eventually enters the density range of the 13 degrees C Water (25.8 < sigma(theta) < 26.6 kg m(-3)) does so largely by mixing. Water formed in the subtropics enters the equatorial region predominantly through the western boundary, while its interior transport is relatively small. The fresher North Pacific ESTMW and Central Mode Water (CMW) are also important sources of the 13 degrees C Water. The ratio of the southern versus the northern origins of the water mass is about 2 to 1 and tends to increase with time elapsed from its origin. Of the total volume of initially tracer-tagged water in the eastern equatorial Pacific, approximately 47.5% originates from depths above sigma(theta) = 25.8 kg m(-3) and 34.6% from depths below sigma(theta) = 26.6 kg m(-3), indicative of a dramatic impact of mixing on the route of subtropical water to becoming the 13 degrees C Water. Still only a small portion of the water formed in the subtropics reaches the equatorial region, because most of the water is trapped and recirculates in the subtropical gyre.

Phylogenetic position and morphology of thecae and cysts of Scrippsiella (Dinophyceae) species in the East China Sea

Resting cysts of the marine phytoplanktonic dinoflagellate Scrippsiella spp. are encountered in coastal habitats and shallow seas all over the world. Identification of Scrippsiella species requires information on cyst morphology because the plate pattern of the flagellated cell is conserved. Cysts from sediments of the East China Sea were identified based on traits from both the cysts and the thecal patterns of germinated cells. Calcareous cysts belonged predominantly to S. trochoidea (F. Stein) A. R. Loebl., S. rotunda J. Lewis, and S. precaria Montresor et Zingone. The former two species also produced smooth and noncalcified cysts in the field. A new species, S. donghaienis H. Gu sp. nov, was obtained from six noncalcified cysts with organic spines. These cysts are spherical, full of pale white and greenish granules with a mesoepicystal archeopyle. The vegetative cells consist of a conical epitheca and a round hypotheca with a plate formula of po, x, 4', 3a, 7 '', 6c (5c + t), 6 s, 5''', 2'''' and are morphologically indistinguishable from S. trochoidea. Results of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence comparisons revealed that S. donghaienis was distinct from the S. trochoidea complex and appeared nested within the Calciodinellum/Calcigonellum clade. Culture experiments showed that the presence of a red body in the cyst and the shape of the archeopyle were constant within cell lines from one generation to the next, while the morphological features of the cyst wall, such as calcification and spine shape, appeared to be phenotypically plastic.

Divergent selection and realized heritability for growth in the Japanese scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis Jay

In order to improve the production and accurately estimate response to selection, divergent selection for growth in shell height was conducted in a cultured population of the Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis. Applying the same selection intensity +/- 1.756 in upward and downward directions, three groups including two selected groups of Fast and Slow and one non-selected Control group were created, which were reared under the same environmental conditions at any stage. Differences always significantly existed among the three groups (P < 0.05), except for larvae at day 1 and at day 5, and in the order of Fast > Control > Slow. The average standardized response to selection (SR), realized heritability (h(R)2) and genetic gain (GG) was 0.473%, 0.269% and 7.85% for the Fast group and 0.381%, 0.217% and 6.60% for the Slow group respectively. Moreover, significant differences (P < 0.05) were detected between the fast and the slow lines in both SR and h(R)2, providing evidence for an asymmetric response in two directions. Performance in shell height is improved by 7.85% in the fast line after one generation selection, suggesting that mass selection for faster growth in a cultured population of the Japanese scallop is effective.

A new species of Bryodema (Orthoptera : Acridoidea) from China, with a key to the described species

A new species Bryodema nigrofrascia of the genus Bryodema Fieber, 1853 (Orthoptera, Acridoidea, Acrididae Oedipodinae) from China is described. A key to known species of the genus is given. The type specimens are deposited in the Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai.

水库建设选址方案的决策分析

水库建设方案的评价,涉及投入和效益两方面。投入包括资金和工期等,称为“输入”:效益包括工农业用水增加、防洪能力强增等。称为“输出”。分析这种多输入,多输出的系统,应用数据包络分析方法是非常有效的。