Identidade e imagem da marca: uma análise comparativa em uma empresa do setor de serviços de telecomunicações

In a highly connected society, avid for information and technological innovations, constantly changing the consumption patterns, the brand management strategy occupies a growing place. Allied with the increased competition among companies, the brand that can differentiate in consumers’ minds becomes strong. This aspect is even more important in the service industry, where the consumer experience, the definition and support of the brand’s values are vital to the continued strength of both your identity and image. These aspects are seen as a process of communication in which the way the image is developed in the minds of consumers comes from how identity is constructed and transmitted to them (DE CHERNATONY; DRURY; SEGAL-HORN, 2004). Considering the dynamic and complex scenario, this study aims to identify and analyze the possible convergences or divergences between the identity built by the organization and the brand image perceived by consumers of a telecommunications services company. To achieve this objective, the model proposed by De Chernatony, Drury and Segal-Horn (2004) was used as a theoretical basis, which addresses the transformation of identity in brand image, specifically under the perspective of Pontes (2009). For him, customers are more motivated to buy and consume products that they believe that take a complementary image that they have of themselves, and proposes the existence of multiple selves: the perceived, which refers to the employees and the organization’s management opinions on the brand; the ideal, which deals with effective brand identity thought by its leaders, the vision of what it should be; social, which shows how managers think that consumers see it; the apparent, formed by the image of the brand by customers; and finally the real self, that would be an integrated composite of all of these visions. In this regard, a case study was made in a telecommunications company with regional actions, from a qualitative and quantitative approach. It was identified the company’s vision through semi-structured interviews with marketing managers and analysis of documents related to the brand strategy. The point of view of consumers was addressed for text mining techniques applied to internal unstructured data coming from the collection of posts made on Facebook and Twitter, related to the brand, and customer interaction with the company through these social networks. The results showed the importance of the concepts of identity and brand image, and how they are interrelated. Moreover, the qualitative analysis it was shown that the vision of marketing executives is quite close and in line with the Brand Book, showing that there is a cohesive and well disseminated speech internally in the organization. On the other hand, when evaluating the customer's point of view there was no specific comments on the brand, and it was not possible to identify the evaluation of Algar Telecom image by consumers. Nevertheless, other relevant aspects could be identified for the consolidation of the brand identity, as the occurrence of a number of complaints, especially regarding the internet as well as the concern of customers for the quality of the provision of services.

Prédiction du % FCmax lors d'efforts à intensité constante

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

A influência da satisfação no processo de transação do medicamento: determinantes e consequências da satisfação da Farmácia para com o fornecedor

Atualmente, a forte concorrência e a acentuada instabilidade que as empresas enfrentam conduzem à procura constante de novas formas de atuação, que permitam às organizações manterem-se competitivas. Como tal, a continuidade de uma organização depende da sua capacidade para descobrir e satisfazer as necessidades dos atuais e potenciais clientes, oferecendo-lhes produtos e serviços capazes de acrescentarem valor. O presente trabalho analisa o impacto da qualidade do serviço, da qualidade do produto e da conveniência na Satisfação. Analisa também as consequências da Satisfação e o impacto da mesma no word-of-mouth (WOM) positivo, na conquista da lealdade e na confiança das farmácias para com o seu fornecedor. Desta forma, torna-se possível a criação e manutenção de uma relação de longo prazo mutuamente benéfica para a farmácia e para a Indústria Farmacêutica. Em suma, o objetivo geral da presente Dissertação é a análise dos determinantes da satisfação das farmácias comunitárias, bem como das consequências desta mesma variável. Para se alcançar este objetivo, delinearam-se os seguintes objetivos específicos: (i) análise dos fatores que impactam na satisfação e (ii) verificação das consequências da satisfação. Com efeito, para alcançar este objetivo foi desenvolvido um modelo concetual que contempla as variáveis que explicam a satisfação das farmácias, tendo a presente investigação como base uma amostra de 82 farmácias, essencialmente do distrito de Leiria e Santarém. Os clientes foram inquiridos através de um questionário estruturado onde se visava identificar quais os fatores que mais impactavam na satisfação relativamente aos seus fornecedores e que consequências promoviam. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que a qualidade do produto e do serviço contribuem para a melhoria dos níveis de satisfação das farmácias. Consequentemente, o aumento dos níveis de satisfação das farmácias produz consequências positivas no WOM, lealdade e confiança das farmácias para com os seus fornecedores.

Prédiction du % FCmax lors d'efforts à intensité constante

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

La presencia del "flâneur" en "Tetralogie der Erinnerung" de Dieter Forte

Reflejando la ciudad moderna, el flâneur se encuentra atrapado entre dos tiempos: el presente, que se transforma continuamente, y el pasado, que permanece en forma de vestigios materiales. Desde su aparición en la literatura, la trayectoria del flâneur va ligada a los principales cambios históricos, sociales y culturales, que se plasman en distintas texturas urbanas. En todas ellas ejerce una función de nexo entre la ciudad antigua y la nueva que se superpone. El objeto del presente artículo es analizar la evolución de esta figura histórico y literaria como punto de partida para interpretar la obra en prosa Tetralogie der Erinnerung (1992-2004) de Dieter Forte.

Che vinca il più Forte. Proposta di traduzione, analisi e commento di "Wojna polsko-ruska pod flagą biało-czerwoną" di Dorota Masłowska.

Traduzione dal polacco in italiano - accompagnata da analisi e commento dei temi proposti - di alcuni estratti dal bestseller della scrittrice polacca adolescente, che racconta il mondo visto dagli occhi di un giovane disoccupato poco istruito di provincia. Un'immagine cruda e senza filtri della gioventù in Polonia negli anni di transizione dalla caduta del muro di Berlino all'ingresso nell'Unione Europea. Un momento storico impossibile da collocare nella ripetitività tipica dei grandi avvenimenti in Polonia, vissuto direttamente sulla pelle dei suoi protagonisti, cioè i giovani senza né passato né futuro, incapaci di coltivare il presente.

Os efeitos das reclamações online na lealdade dos consumidores: um estudo experimental

In an environment of constant change, technological developments, market competition and more informed consumers, the search for a lasting relationship through the conquest of loyalty has become the objective of companies. However, several authors suggest that this loyalty can be affected by negative comments available on the internet. Therefore, this dissertation has as objective to examine if the complaints are available on the internet impact the loyalty to a brand of mobile phone. The research used as the basis the Expanded NCSB model suggest by Johnson et al. (2001), studying five prominent drives of loyalty: image/brand reputation, affective commitment, calculative commitment, perceived value and trust, beyond the satisfaction construct as moderator variable. The research method adopted was the experimental design which included 285 undergraduate students, with the trial which included 285 undergraduate students, with the field study of the mobile industry, specifically, the brands of cell phones. The research approach was quantitative and methods were descriptive statistics, factor analysis, cluster analysis, linear regression and non-parametric test of Wilcoxon for data analysis. Of the 16 hypothesis stemmed from the research model proposed, 12 were confirmed. The results showed that the complaint available on the internet, here represented by the available on the site Reclame Aqui, may impact consumer perceptions about brand loyalty, as well as its antecedents, being that these complaints can affect all the consumers, regardless of historical satisfaction with the brand. It also noted the positive relationship between the independent variables trust, image/brand reputation, perceived value, affective commitment and calculative commitment and the dependent variable - loyalty, even when considering the data obtained after exposure to the complaint. However, no unanimous conclusion that the relationship between these variables was strongest in the group with satisfactory experience. At the first moment of the research, the trust was the most important variable for the formation of loyalty. However, after exposure to treatment, the image/brand reputation, was more relevant. Contributions of the study, limitations and recommendations for future researches are approached in the present investigation

L'influence des oscillations en delta sur la sélection d'une action

Résumé : La capacité de décider parmi plusieurs possibilités d'actions, grâce à l'information sensorielle disponible, est essentielle à un organisme interagissant avec un environnement complexe. Les modèles actuels de sélection d'une action soutiennent que le cerveau traite continuellement l'information sensorielle afin de planifier plusieurs possibilités d'action en parallèle. Dans cette perspective, ces représentations motrices, associées à chaque possibilité d'action, sont en constante compétition entre elles. Afin qu'une alternative puisse être sélectionnée pour le mouvement, une valeur de pondération, intégrant une multitude de facteurs, doit être associée à chacun des plans moteurs afin de venir moduler la compétition. Plusieurs études se sont intéressées aux différents facteurs modulant la sélection de l'action, tels que la disposition de l'environnement, le coût des actions, le niveau de récompense, etc. Par contre, il semble qu'aucune étude n'ait rapporté ce qu'il advient lorsque la valeur de pondération de chacune des actions possibles est identique. Dans ce contexte, quel est l'élément permettant de venir moduler la sélection de l'action? De ce fait, l'objectif principal de mon projet de maitrise est d'investiguer le facteur permettant au cerveau de sélectionner une action lorsque tous les facteurs rapportés dans la littérature sont contrôlés. De récentes données ont montré que les oscillations corticales lentes dans la bande delta peuvent servir d'instrument de sélection attentionnelle en modulant l'amplitude de la réponse neuronale. Ainsi, les stimuli arrivant dans le cortex pendant une phase en delta de forte excitabilité sont amplifiés, tandis que ceux arrivant lors d'une phase en delta de faible excitabilité sont atténués. Ceci dit, il est possible que la phase en delta dans laquelle se trouve le cerveau au moment d'effectuer la sélection d'une action puisse influencer la décision. Utilisant une tâche de sélection de main, cette étude teste l'hypothèse que la sélection de la main est associée à la phase en delta des ensembles neuronaux codant le mouvement de chacune des mains, lorsque tous les facteurs connus influençant la décision sont contrôlés. L'électroencéphalographie (EEG) fut utilisée afin d'enregistrer les signaux corticaux pendant que les participants effectuaient une tâche de sélection de main dans laquelle ils devaient, à chaque essai, atteindre une cible visuelle aussi rapidement que possible en utilisant la main de leur choix. La tâche fut conçue de façon à ce que les facteurs spatiaux et biomécaniques soient contrôlés. Ceci fut réalisé enidentifiant premièrement, sur une base individuelle, l'emplacement de la cible pour laquelle les mains droite et gauche avaient une probabilité équivalente d'être choisies (point d'égalité subjective, PSE). Ensuite, dans l'expérience principale, les participants effectuaient plusieurs mouvements d'atteinte vers des cibles positionnées près et loin du PSE, toujours avec la main de leur choix. L'utilisation de cinq cibles très près du PSE a permis de collecter de nombreux essais dans lesquels la main droite et la main gauche furent sélectionnées en réponse à un même stimulus visuel. Ceci a ainsi permis d'analyser les signaux des deux cortex dans des conditions d'utilisation de la main droite et gauche, tout en contrôlant pour les autres facteurs pouvant moduler la sélection de la main. Les résultats de cette recherche révèlent que l'hémisphère cortical se trouvant dans la phase la plus excitable en delta (près du pic négatif), lors de l'apparition du stimulus, est associé à la fois à la main qui sera sélectionnée ainsi qu'au temps de réaction. Ces résultats montrent que l'excitabilité corticale momentanée (phase du signal) pourrait agir comme un facteur modulant la sélection d'une action. Dans cette optique, ces données élargissent considérablement les modèles actuels en montrant que la sélection d'une action est en partie déterminée par l'état du cerveau au moment d'effectuer un choix, d'une manière qui est indépendante de toutes les variables de décision connues.

Pourquoi l'augmentation répétée de la compétence de la Cour des petites créances est-elle associée à une diminution constante des dossiers ouverts?

Les ressources rares tendent naturellement à la création de marchés et les marchés tendent généralement à s'équilibrer par un mécanisme ou un autre. Le prix nominal est sans contredit le mécanisme d'équilibre le plus courant et le plus étudié par la science économique. Or, lorsque celui-ci est déterminé de façon exogène, d'autres mécanismes entrent en ligne de compte pour équilibrer le marché. Pensons aux files d'attente, dans lesquelles le coût d'opportunité d'attendre physiquement permet de contrôler les excès de demande. Par ailleurs, certaines listes d'attente sont qualifiées d'in abstentia, c'est- à-dire que l'agent économique peut vaquer à toutes ses autres occupations pendant qu'il est dans l'attente de l'obtention du bien ou du service voulu. Ce genre de marché a été particulièrement étudié dans le contexte médical, où on a supposé que c'était la diminution dans le temps de la valeur présente du service obtenu qui permettait de contrôler les surplus de demande. Posé simplement, lorsqu'il y a excès de demande, les délais augmentent, ce qui ferait diminuer la quantité demandée. Dans le cadre de notre étude, nous reprenons cette intuition et l'adaptons au marché des services judiciaires civils québécois. Les différents tarifs sont déterminés de façon exogène par l'administration provinciale et l'offre présente un caractère fixe ou très rigide, ce qui permet de croire que toute augmentation de demande devrait se traduire par une augmentation des délais judiciaires. En nous basant sur un modèle théorique développé dans le cadre des listes d'attente médicales, nous développons un modèle qui illustre de quelle façon les délais peuvent jouer le rôle de prix sur le marché des services judiciaires civils et ainsi permettre à ce dernier de s'équilibrer. Il s'agit à notre avis du premier modèle algébrique de ce genre. Nous disposons de données empiriques pour les districts judiciaires québécois durant la période 1995-2007 qui appuient nos hypothèses initiales. Notre étude revêt en quelque sorte un caractère d'expérience naturelle puisque durant cette période, la compétence maximale de certains tribunaux a été augmentée substantiellement, ce qui s'apparente à un choc de demande permanent. Tout spécialement au niveau des petites créances, le seuil maximal d'éligibilité est passé de 3000 $ à 7000 $ en 2002. À supposer que le marché ne s'équilibre pas par un mécanisme quelconque, le nombre de justiciables dans la liste d'attente devrait avoir augmenté et cette augmentation devrait s'être maintenue durant les années subséquentes, faisant exploser la liste d'attente. Or, ce n'est pas du tout ce qui est observé, d'où la pertinence de fournir une explication sur le fonctionnement du marché des services judiciaires civils. Notre modèle concilie le fait que la demande pour les services judiciaires civils ait augmenté continuellement avec le temps mais que la quantité demandée ait diminué par le fait même. Nous suggérons en effet que la quantité demandée et la quantité offerte sont corrélées négativement avec les délais, ce qui permettrait en bout de ligne d'envisager une diminution constante du nombre de dossiers ouverts à l'équilibre, de pair avec une augmentation des délais.

Otimização do comportamento térmico de edifícios do tipo LSF

No panorama energético atual, medidas de desenvolvimento sustentável têm uma preponderância cada vez mais significativa e, sendo os edifícios responsáveis por 40% da energia consumida na EU, enquadra-se o desafio de integrar medidas de eficiência energética nos novos edifícios desde a fase de conceção. Sendo que este setor se encontra em contínua expansão, a redução dos consumos passará largamente pela otimização do comportamento térmico dos edifícios e dos sistemas energéticos que os equipam. No presente trabalho estudou-se o papel da inércia térmica na redução das necessidades de energia para climatização de edifícios com o objetivo de identificar estratégias destinadas ao melhoramento do comportamento térmico e desempenho energético de edifícios construídos com recurso à técnica construtiva LSF, caracterizados por uma fraca inércia térmica quando comparados com edifícios em tudo semelhantes mas construídos recorrendo a tecnologias convencionais sem esquecer as questões relacionadas com a respetiva viabilidade económica. Com resultado geral destaca-se desde logo a importância do local onde é mais benéfico adicionar massa térmica (paredes exteriores, cobertura, paredes interiores), assim como a necessidade de utilização de um material com elevada densidade energética e baixo custo. A análise comparativa dos diferentes modelos de edifício simulados com recurso ao software DesignBuilder/EnergyPlus, foi realizada recorrendo a uma metodologia em que cada modelo construtivo é avaliado considerando quatro níveis de isolamento térmico e duas condições de cargas térmicas internas. A análise energética e económica foi realizada tendo como referência um período de 20 anos. O custo das soluções construtivas foi maioritariamente obtido através da ferramenta computacional Gerador de Preços, da Cype, SA©, tendo-se considerado um consumo energético anual constante e igual às necessidades de climatização anuais, assim como taxas de atualização de capital e de inflação do custo da energia constantes. De uma forma geral conclui-se que edifícios do tipo LSF melhorados através da adição criteriosa de massa térmica em determinados elementos construtivos, apresentam necessidades de climatização anuais na maioria dos casos estudados, inferiores àquelas verificadas em edifícios convencionais com inércia térmica média/forte. Conclui-se, também, que o método construtivo LSF se apresenta mais eficaz em termos energéticos e económicos quando comparado com soluções semelhantes construídas com recurso a um método convencional. Na secção seguinte são identificadas as principais conclusões deste trabalho.

Computação de alto desempenho aplicada a modelagem numérica de fenômenos atmosféricos

A constante evolução da tecnologia disponibilizou, atualmente, ferramentas computacionais que eram apenas expectativas há 10 anos atrás. O aumento do potencial computacional aplicado a modelos numéricos que simulam a atmosfera permitiu ampliar o estudo de fenômenos atmosféricos, através do uso de ferramentas de computação de alto desempenho. O trabalho propôs o desenvolvimento de algoritmos com base em arquiteturas SIMT e aplicação de técnicas de paralelismo com uso da ferramenta OpenACC para processamento de dados de previsão numérica do modelo Weather Research and Forecast. Esta proposta tem forte conotação interdisciplinar, buscando a interação entre as áreas de modelagem atmosférica e computação científica. Foram testadas a influência da computação do cálculo de microfísica de nuvens na degradação temporal do modelo. Como a entrada de dados para execução na GPU não era suficientemente grande, o tempo necessário para transferir dados da CPU para a GPU foi maior do que a execução da computação na CPU. Outro fator determinante foi a adição de código CUDA dentro de um contexto MPI, causando assim condições de disputa de recursos entre os processadores, mais uma vez degradando o tempo de execução. A proposta do uso de diretivas para aplicar computação de alto desempenho em uma estrutura CUDA parece muito promissora, mas ainda precisa ser utilizada com muita cautela a fim de produzir bons resultados. A construção de um híbrido MPI + CUDA foi testada, mas os resultados não foram conclusivos.

Coupling of magnetic, strain and electric polarization fields in the structure of multiferroic material

The comprehensive study on the coupling of magnetism, electrical polarization and the crystalline lattice with the off-stoichiometric effects in self-doped multiferroic hexagonal h-LuMnxO3±δ (0.92≤x≤1.12) ceramic oxides was carried out for the PhD work. There is a complex coupling of the three ferroic degrees. The cancelation of the magnetic moments of ions in the antiferromagnetic order, electric polarization with specific vortex/antivortex topology and lattice properties have pushed researchers to find out ways to disclose the underlying physics and chemistry of magneto-electric and magneto-elastic couplings of h-RMnO3 multiferroic materials. In this research work, self-doping of Lu-sites or Mn-sites of h-LuMnxO3±δ ceramics prepared via solid state route was done to pave a way for deeper understanding of the antiferromagnetic transition, the weak ferromagnetism often reported in the same crystalline lattices and the ferroelectric properties coupled to the imposed lattice changes. Accordingly to the aim of the PhD thesis, the objectives set for the sintering study in the first chapter on experimental results were two. First, study of sintering off-stoichiometric samples within conditions reported in the bibliography and also extracted from the phase diagrams of the LuMnxO3±δ, with a multiple firings ending with a last high temperature step at 1300ºC for 24 hours. Second, explore longer annealing times of up to 240 hours at the fixed temperature of 1300 ºC in a search for improving the properties of the solid solution under study. All series of LuMnxO3±δ ceramics for each annealing time were characterized to tentatively build a framework enabling comparison of measured properties with results of others available in literature. XRD and Rietveld refinement of data give the evolution the lattice parameters as a function to x. Shrinkage of the lattice parameters with increasing x values was observed, the stability limit of the solid solution being determined by analysis of lattice parameters. The evolution of grain size and presence of secondary phases have been investigated by means of TEM, SEM, EDS and EBSD techniques. The dependencies of grain growth and regression of secondary phases on composition x and time were further characterized. Magnetic susceptibility of samples and magnetic irreversibility were extensively examined in the present work. The dependency of magnetic susceptibility, Neel ordering transition and important magnetic parameters are determined and compared to observation in other multiferroics in the following chapter of the thesis. As a tool of high sensitivity to detect minor traces of the secondary phase hausmannite, magnetic measurements are suggested for cross-checking of phase diagrams. Difficulty of previous studies on interpreting the magnetic anomaly below 43 K in h-RMnO3 oxides was discussed and assigned to the Mn3O4 phase, with supported of the electron microscopy. Magneto-electric coupling where AFM ordering is coupled to dielectric polarization is investigated as a function of x and of sintering condition via frequency and temperature dependent complex dielectric constant measurements in the final chapter of the thesis. Within the limits of solid solubility, the crystalline lattice of off-stoichiometric ceramics was shown to preserve the magneto-electric coupling at TN. It represents the first research work on magneto-electric coupling modified by vacancy doping to author’s knowledge. Studied lattices would reveal distortions at the atomic scale imposed by local changes of x dependent on sintering conditions which were widely inspected by using TEM/STEM methods, complemented with EDS and EELS spectroscopy all together to provide comprehensive information on cross coupling of distortions, inhomogeneity and electronic structure assembled and discussed in a specific chapter. Internal interfaces inside crystalline grains were examined. Qualitative explanations of the measured magnetic and ferroelectric properties were established in relation to observed nanoscale features of h-LuMnxO3±δ ceramics. Ferroelectric domains and topological defects are displayed both in TEM and AFM/PFM images, the later technique being used to look at size, distribution and switching of ferroelectric domains influenced by vacancy doping at the micron scale bridging to complementary TEM studies on the atomic structure of ferroelectric domains. In support to experimental study, DFT simulations using Wien2K code have been carried out in order to interpret the results of EELS spectra of O K-edge and to obtain information on the cation hybridization to oxygen ions. The L3,2 edges of Mn is used to access the oxidation state of the Mn ions inside crystalline grains. In addition, rehybridization driven ferroelectricity is also evaluated by comparing the partial density of states of the orbitals of all ions of the samples, also the polarization was calculated and correlated to the off-stoichiometric effect.

A travessia do trágico no romance d A Pedra do Reino de Ariano Suassuna

The present work seeks to investigate and discuss about the Greek Tragedy s elements at Ariano Suassuna s romance called τ Romance d A Pedra do Reino e o Principe do Sangue do Vai e Volta, connecting it directly to mythic, epic, poetic, and romances aspects at his work. The romance has as the protagonist the backcountry Pedro Dinis Quaderna. Quaderna is a character which is simultaneously popular, elitist, enigmatic, naive, and an intellectual man that has a great erudition. Quaderna is a character that seeks, by using the Literature, to reestablish a Brazilian backcountry kingdom which he s supposedly the king, always trying to empathizes the Brazilian northeast region like if it was a nation apart. By impressing a national personality to the Brazilian northeast , Quaderna tries to become an epic poet just like Homer, denoting a strong influence of the Epopee. Quaderna, just like many characters of Greek Tragedy, has at his family past time a lot of tragic circumstances. These facts that ocurred to his relativos like the your uncle Pedro Sebastião Garcia Barreto s death, the disappearement of his cousin Sinésio, and the contest between the brothers Arésio and Sinésio, and others aspects, remind us remarkable influences, beyond the Epopee, of the Greek Tragedy. By reading the romance we may notice many similarities between Quaderna s trajectory and Greek Tragedy heroes. To make an analysis about the tragic aspects at Suassuna s work, we need to dialogue with many theoreticals that have written about the tragic and comparate with many parts of Suassuna s with classics character s texts of Greek Tragedy. At the following chapters we seek to provide romance s elementaries notions, as well as tragic notions, the dialogue with mythics aspects and the tragic and epic aplicability at Suassuna s work

Radiative Behaviour of Gd2O3:Er/Yb nanoparticles under near infrared illumination

Upconverting nanoparticles have attracted much attention in science recently, specifically in view of medical and biological applications such as live imaging of cell temperatures or cancer treatment. The previously studied system of gadolinium oxide nanorods co-doped with erbium and ytterbium and decorated with different number densities of gold nanoparticles has been studied. So far, these particles have been proven as efficient nanothermometers in a temperature range from 300 up to 2000 K. In this work, a more detailed study on the morphological and radiative behaviour of these particles has been conducted. It was found that the laser power threshold for the onset of the black body radiation decreases strongly with the increase in the gold concentration. The temperature of the onset itself seems to remain approximately constant. The heating efficiency was determined to increase significantly with the gold concentration. The morphological study revealed that the temperature at the black body radiation threshold was not enough to induce any significant transformation in neither the nanorods nor the gold nanoparticles, as was expected from comparison with literature. However, significant changes in radiative properties and the morphology were detected for powders that underwent strong laser heating until the emission of brightly visible black body radiation.

Opinión de enfermería y concordancia entre las escalas visual analógica, verbal simple y numérica, en la valoración del dolor agudo como 5ª constante vital

Objetivo: Conocer la opinión de los profesionales de enfermería sobre la utilidad del registro y valoración del dolor agudo como quinta constante clínica; así como, determinar la correlación de la escala visual analógica (EVA) con la verbal simple (EVS) y la verbal numérica (EVN). Material y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo. Cuestionario de opinión "ad hoc" y correlación lineal entre escalas. Análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial mediante el coeficiente de correlación intraclase y el método de Bland-Altman. Resultados: muestra de 102 profesionales (58% mujeres). El 90,2% cree importante que se mida el dolor agudo; el 65,7% ven la escala EVA poco práctica; el 80,4% no sabe cuándo se debe reevaluar el dolor (p<0,05). La concordancia entre escalas fue baja-moderada, siendo la EVN la mejor alternativa a la EVA. Conclusiones: el procedimiento de registro y medición del dolor fue muy bien valorado por los profesionales, pero su implementación presentó baja adherencia. La concordancia obtenida no fue significativa para sustituir con garantías a la EVA.