916 resultados para Bienal do Mercosul (7.: 2009 : Porto Alegre)
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BackgroundAnterior open bite occurs when there is a lack of vertical overlap of the upper and lower incisors. the aetiology is multifactorial including: oral habits, unfavourable growth patterns, enlarged lymphatic tissue with mouth breathing. Several treatments have been proposed to correct this malocclusion, but interventions are not supported by strong scientific evidence.ObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review was to evaluate orthodontic and orthopaedic treatments to correct anterior open bite in children.Search methodsThe following databases were searched: the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register (to 14 February 2014); the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)(The Cochrane Library 2014, Issue 1); MEDLINE via OVID (1946 to 14 February 2014); EMBASE via OVID (1980 to 14 February 2014); LILACS via BIREME Virtual Health Library (1982 to 14 February 2014); BBO via BIREME Virtual Health Library (1980 to 14 February 2014); and SciELO (1997 to 14 February 2014). We searched for ongoing trials via ClinicalTrials.gov (to 14 February 2014). Chinese journals were handsearched and the bibliographies of papers were retrieved.Selection criteriaAll randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials of orthodontic or orthopaedic treatments or both to correct anterior open bite in children.Data collection and analysisTwo review authors independently assessed the eligibility of all reports identified.Risk ratios (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for dichotomous data. the continuous data were expressed as described by the author.Main resultsThree randomised controlled trials were included comparing: effects of Frankel's function regulator-4 (FR-4) with lip-seal training versus no treatment; repelling-magnet splints versus bite-blocks; and palatal crib associated with high-pull chincup versus no treatment.The study comparing repelling-magnet splints versus bite-blocks could not be analysed because the authors interrupted the treatment earlier than planned due to side effects in four of ten patients.FR-4 associated with lip-seal training (RR = 0.02 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.38)) and removable palatal crib associated with high-pull chincup (RR = 0.23 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.48)) were able to correct anterior open bite.No study described: randomisation process, sample size calculation, there was not blinding in the cephalometric analysis and the two studies evaluated two interventions at the same time. These results should be therefore viewed with caution.Authors' conclusionsThere is weak evidence that the interventions FR-4 with lip-seal training and palatal crib associated with high-pull chincup are able to correct anterior open bite. Given that the trials included have potential bias, these results must be viewed with caution. Recommendations for clinical practice cannot be made based only on the results of these trials. More randomised controlled trials are needed to elucidate the interventions for treating anterior open bite.
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We introduce Collocation Games as the basis of a general framework for modeling, analyzing, and facilitating the interactions between the various stakeholders in distributed systems in general, and in cloud computing environments in particular. Cloud computing enables fixed-capacity (processing, communication, and storage) resources to be offered by infrastructure providers as commodities for sale at a fixed cost in an open marketplace to independent, rational parties (players) interested in setting up their own applications over the Internet. Virtualization technologies enable the partitioning of such fixed-capacity resources so as to allow each player to dynamically acquire appropriate fractions of the resources for unencumbered use. In such a paradigm, the resource management problem reduces to that of partitioning the entire set of applications (players) into subsets, each of which is assigned to fixed-capacity cloud resources. If the infrastructure and the various applications are under a single administrative domain, this partitioning reduces to an optimization problem whose objective is to minimize the overall deployment cost. In a marketplace, in which the infrastructure provider is interested in maximizing its own profit, and in which each player is interested in minimizing its own cost, it should be evident that a global optimization is precisely the wrong framework. Rather, in this paper we use a game-theoretic framework in which the assignment of players to fixed-capacity resources is the outcome of a strategic "Collocation Game". Although we show that determining the existence of an equilibrium for collocation games in general is NP-hard, we present a number of simplified, practically-motivated variants of the collocation game for which we establish convergence to a Nash Equilibrium, and for which we derive convergence and price of anarchy bounds. In addition to these analytical results, we present an experimental evaluation of implementations of some of these variants for cloud infrastructures consisting of a collection of multidimensional resources of homogeneous or heterogeneous capacities. Experimental results using trace-driven simulations and synthetically generated datasets corroborate our analytical results and also illustrate how collocation games offer a feasible distributed resource management alternative for autonomic/self-organizing systems, in which the adoption of a global optimization approach (centralized or distributed) would be neither practical nor justifiable.
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Este trabalho apresenta resultados parciais da pesquisa de Doutorado em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática da Universidade Luterana do Brasil que está em andamento. Nesta investigação é proposto um estudo sobre o comprometimento dos alunos no processo de aprendizagem em Matemática. Objetivando determinar os prováveis fatores que permeiam este comprometimento aplicou-se um questionário a 128 alunos de cinco turmas do 3° ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola federal de Porto Alegre - Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil. Este instrumento se constituiu de um primeiro bloco, denominado Perfil, com propósito de elaborar o perfil dos alunos, um segundo, chamado Aprendizagem, buscando informações sobre o processo de aprendizagem em matemática e um terceiro intitulado, Dominio Afetivo, dados sobre os sentimentos expressados em relação à matematica. Com a análise estatística das respostas, pode-se compreender melhor este comprometimento e traçar alguns indicativos que influem na aprendizagem em Matemática destes discentes.
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Estágio com relatório presentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Gestão do Território, área de especialização em Território e Desenvolvimento
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Département de linguistique et de traduction
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Since the first edition of the World Social Forum in Porto Alegre, Brazil, 2001, similar initiatives have flourished at the local scales. In the existing literature, local social forums are generally considered to be a natural replication of the world social forums. Beyond the label “social forums,” what do the practices of local social forums specifically entail and what is the meaning of these practices for local activists?I propose a comparison of eight cases situated in two distinct societies (Quebec and France). I use a multi-approach methodology, combining direct observation, focus groups, interviews, and documentary analysis.I show that despite strong national differences, a highly decentralized process, and the strong autonomy of local actors, local social forums share structural characteristics, and the expression “social forum” is associated with ways of doing things that limit the variety of local social forum initiatives: organizers share a common intentionality; the mode of operation of local social forum process and event belong to the same political culture and translate into the same practices; and the outputs of these gatherings are similar in terms of the building of ties. Overall, local social forums are used as tactical and cultural collective action repertoires by actors, redefining the boundaries of social resistance and its practices.
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Urban agriculture, if it is to become integrated into the city, needs landscape architectural thinking in order to be woven into the larger urban fabric. Thinking at the scale of ecosystems running through a city creates a framework for spatial change; thinking in assemblages of stakeholders and actors creates a framework for social investment and development. These overlapping frameworks are informed and perhaps even defined by the emergent field of landscape democracy. Cultivating the City is a prospective design project seeking to embody landscape democratic principles. The intention is to reclaim the meaning of landscape as the relationship between people and place, both shaping each other. The design in question is a proposed network of urban agriculture typologies in Porto Alegre, Brazil. These hypothetical designs, emphasizing agroforestry with native species, serve as a basis for dialogue between potential stakeholders and as catalysts for future projects. This landscape architecture project sets out to be a mediator in processes of spatial evolution in order to envision just and sustainable urban landscapes.
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Para contribuir con el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de quienes padecen la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC) y de sus familiares, así como para apoyar los programas de salud pública que buscan disminuir los impactos socioeconómicos que tiene esta enfermedad en Colombia, el Grupo de Investigación en Actividad Física y Desarrollo Humano de la Facultad de Rehabilitación de la Universidad del Rosario realizó una guía educativa que detalla los elementos básicos que deben ser tenidos en cuenta para su manejo. Según la profesora Diana Durán Palomino, coordinadora de la Especialización en Rehabilitación Cardiaca y Pulmonar de la Universidad del Rosario, esta tarea es de suma importancia, ya que, de acuerdo con las cifras de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), la EPOC es la causa de muerte de más rápido crecimiento en los países desarrollados y entre todas las patologías pulmonares, incluidas el asma y el cáncer de pulmón. Se estima que para 2020 será la tercera causa de muerte y la quinta causa de años de vida perdidos y/o con discapacidad. Este crecimiento vertiginoso se relaciona con el incremento del hábito de fumar (que representa cerca de un 90% del riesgo de desarrollar esta enfermedad), con el envejecimiento de la población (en general se diagnostica en personas mayores de 40 años que empiezan a manifestar síntomas respiratorios más frecuentes, pero que una vez diagnosticados aseguran haber querido comenzar antes un tratamiento) y con la mayor incidencia en mujeres (también relacionada con el consumo de tabaco). Los datos epidemiológicos acerca de la EPOC indican que la enfermedad está deficientemente diagnosticada y que su incidencia real no es clara, ya que muchos de los pacientes no reciben el manejo y tratamiento apropiados en las primeras fases de la enfermedad, porque cuando acuden al médico por presentar síntomas respiratorios importantes y repetitivos ya se encuentran en la fase incapacitante.
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Resumen tomado de la revista. Extracto de la ponencia Los movimientos sociales y la lucha contra la mundialización neoliberal presentada en Porto Alegre, Brasil, en enero de 2003
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Este trabajo, contiene una aproximación al fenómeno de la guerra contra el terrorismo, bajo el concepto de Estado Esquizofrénico, que supone el condicionamiento de algunas acciones de los Estados en su interacción en el sistema internacional.
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El objetivo general de esta investigación es analizar el proceso de incorporación del gobierno electrónico en Colombia, así como evaluar el impacto de las TIC en asuntos del gobierno y su relación con los ciudadanos, puesto que en la práctica se desea incrementar la participación en asuntos públicos y una inclusión ciudadana a través de las TIC. El éxito del Gobierno en Línea dependerá de la transparencia y confianza creciente entre el gobierno y los ciudadanos y toma como referencia la estrategia de Gobierno en Línea 2008-2010. Será usada, una metodología exploratoria y descriptiva sobre la base de documentos bibliográficos y publicaciones periódicas y académicas.
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Esta investigación se pregunta sobre las diferentes narrativas históricas que se han construido sobre la figura de los soldados rasos de la guerra de Corea, y por cómo ellos han generado estrategias en su relato que se ajustan a unos procesos históricos determinados.
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Esta investigación toma como marco general la Política de Reintegración Social y económica de personas y grupos alzados en armas en Colombia, en donde tras el estudio de las trayectorias en el conflicto de un grupo de 9 excombatientes, se aborda la relación existente entre los beneficios otorgados por dicha política y aquello que facilitó y motivó el ingreso, la permanencia y desmovilización de los grupos armados. Se presenta una caracterización e interpretación conceptual de las denominadas trayectorias en el conflicto, son establecidas relaciones y diferencias entre las organizaciones ilegales FARC y las AUC, se revisan las percepciones que frente a los beneficios del programa de reintegración tienen excombatientes y profesionales de la entidad que lidera dicho proceso y a partir de ello, es argumentada la incidencia que sobre el éxito de esta política tienen las características individuales y particulares, tanto de los excombatientes como de las organizaciones armadas ilegales.
La salud mental en sistema nacional de cuidado de la salud del Brasil: Un análisis de dos realidades
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Este artículo analiza las formas de funcionamiento y de tratamiento a las demandas en salud mental en los equipos del Programa Salud de la Familia en dos unidades de la red básica de salud de las ciudades de Natal y Porto Alegre, Brasil. En la primera etapa de esta investigación se hicieron entrevistas semiestructuradas a los profesionales de las dos unidades de salud. En la ciudad de Natal fueron realizadas 40 entrevistas; en Porto Alegre 14, todas en el año 2008. En las dos unidades investigadas fue posible observar la presencia de representaciones preconcebidas que asocian locura con peligrosidad y descontrol, siendo la solución más frecuente la simple administración de medicación psiquiátrica. Las formas de funcionamiento institucionales mantienen todavía una estructura vertical y burocrática que dificulta la aparición de prácticas de prevención y atención en salud de carácter original y participativo. Se considera, a partir de estos resultados, que es preciso invertir en una política de salud mental en la atención básica, basada en formas de trabajo que superen los modelos medicalizantes y manicomiales, lo que implica necesariamente reformular el funcionamiento interno de los equipos de salud.
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As transformações na dinâmica demográfica ocorrida nas últimas décadas nos espaços urbanos passam, em grande medida, pela reconfiguração territorial, econômica e social das áreas metropolitanas, na qual os movimentos das pessoas exercem influência fundamental. Para este trabalho, propomos uma abordagem sobre o movimento migratório intra-metropolitano em 14 áreas metropolitanas brasileiras, quais sejam: Belém, Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Campinas, Curitiba, Florianópolis, Fortaleza, Goiânia, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, São Paulo e Vitória; questionamos se este fenômeno estaria alterando a histórica “pressão pelas áreas centrais metropolitanas” ou se essa população está mudando de residência, mas continua trabalhando no núcleo. Pensando sobre os movimentos da população ocupada nas regiões metropolitanas, buscamos ainda considerar os tipos de movimentos realizados (núcleo-periferia; periferia-núcleo e periferia-periferia) com uma caracterização desta população. Portanto, nossa reflexão está relacionada às diferentes lógicas que operam sobre o lugar de moradia das pessoas e os lugares de outros fazeres que determinam a vida urbana, especialmente o lugar de trabalho. A localização dos postos de trabalho em áreas mais “centrais” e a quantidade considerável de pessoas que se deslocam para estes municípios também são fenômenos expressivos ainda. Será que os movimentos cotidianos podem se apresentar como uma alternativa para a residência em outras áreas da metrópole e o trabalho nas áreas centrais? Nossa proposta é a de que esses processos precisam ser analisados cada vez mais em conjunto com a migração intra-metropolitana.