Synthesis and spectral characterization of cyclotriphosphazene based 18-membered macrocycles

New 18-membered cyclotriphosphazene-containing macrocycles 7-10 were obtained by 1 + 1 condensation reaction of dispiro-N3P3(C12H8O2)(2)((N(Me)N=CH)(2) N4C20H26)] (2) with N,N'-dimethyl-ethylenediamine-1,4-diyldimethylenebis(4-methyl-2-formylph enol) (3), N,N'-dimethyl-ethylenediamine-1,4-diyldimethylenebis(4,5-dimethyl-2-form ylphenol) (4), N,N'-dimethyl-ethylenediamine-1,4-diyldimethylenebis(5-chloro-2-formylph enol) (5) and N,N'-dimethyl-ethylenediamine-1,4-diyldimethylenebis(5-bromo-2-formylphe nol) (6), respectively. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

2,3-Unsaturated enoses. A Pummerer rearrangement route to sugar vinyl sulfides and synthesis of 3-deoxy-3-alkyl/arylsulfinyl pyranosides

A Pummerer rearrangement of 2,3-dideoxy-3-alkyl/arylsulfinyl-arabino-hexopyranosides is reported. Treatment of sulfinyl-arabino-hexopyranoside derivatives, obtained through oxidation of the corresponding thio-derivatives, with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA)/pyridine led to a facile formation of 2,3-dideoxy-3-alkyl/arylthio-hex-2-enopyranosides. Upon conversion of sugar vinyl sulfides to vinyl sulfoxides, conjugate addition reactions were conducted with alkoxides, to afford 3-deoxy-3-alkyl/arylsulfinyl pyranosides, in the manno-configuration exclusively. Whereas the conjugate addition reaction did not proceed with ether protecting groups, ester protecting groups and free hydroxyl groups in the sugar vinyl sulfoxide permitted the reaction. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Channel II photocurrent quantification in narrow optical gap polymer-fullerene solar cells with complimentary acceptor absorption

Most charge generation studies on organic solar cells focus on the conventional mode of photocurrent generation derived from light absorption in the electron donor component (so called channel I). In contrast, relatively little attention has been paid to the alternate generation pathway: light absorption in the electron acceptor followed by photo-induced hole transfer (channel II). By using the narrow optical gap polymer poly(3,6-dithieno3,2-b] thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-pyrrolo- 3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione-5',5 `'-diyl-alt-4,8-bis(dodecyloxy) benzo1,2-b:4,5-b'] dithiophene-2,6-diyl with two complimentary fullerene absorbers; phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester, and phenyl-C-71-butyric acid methyl ester (70-PCBM), we have been able to quantify the photocurrent generated each of the mechanisms and find a significant fraction (>30%), which is derived in particular from 70-PCBM light absorption.

Role of the Ribosomal P-Site Elements of m(2)G966, m(5)C967, and the S9 C-Terminal Tail in Maintenance of the Reading Frame during Translational Elongation in Escherichia coli

The ribosomal P-site hosts the peptidyl-tRNAs during translation elongation. Which P-site elements support these tRNA species to maintain codon-anticodon interactions has remained unclear. We investigated the effects of P-site features of methylations of G966, C967, and the conserved C-terminal tail sequence of Ser, Lys, and Arg (SKR) of the S9 ribosomal protein in maintenance of the translational reading frame of an mRNA. We generated Escherichia coli strains deleted for the SKR sequence in S9 ribosomal protein, RsmB (which methylates C967), and RsmD (which methylates G966) and used them to translate LacZ from its +1 and -1 out-of-frame constructs. We show that the S9 SKR tail prevents both the +1 and -1 frameshifts and plays a general role in holding the P-site tRNA/peptidyl-tRNA in place. In contrast, the G966 and C967 methylations did not make a direct contribution to the maintenance of the translational frame of an mRNA. However, deletion of rsmB in the S9 Delta 3 background caused significantly increased -1 frameshifting at 37 degrees C. Interestingly, the effects of the deficiency of C967 methylation were annulled when the E. coli strain was grown at 30 degrees C, supporting its context-dependent role.

Kinematic and Mechanical Profile of the Self-Actuation of Thermosalient Crystal Twins of 1,2,4,5-Tetrabromobenzene: A Molecular Crystalline Analogue of a Bimetallic Strip

A paradigm shift from hard to flexible, organic-based optoelectronics requires fast and reversible mechanical response from actuating materials that are used for conversion of heat or light into mechanical motion. As the limits in the response times of polymer-based actuating materials are reached, which are inherent to the less-than-optimal coupling between the light/heat and mechanical energy in them, 1 a conceptually new approach to mechanical actuation is required to leapfrog the performance of organic actuators. Herein, we explore single crystals of 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene (TBB) as actuating elements and establish relations between their kinematic profile and mechanical properties. Centimeter-size acicular crystals of TBB are the only naturally twinned crystals out of about a dozen known materials that exhibit the thermosalient effect-an extremely rare and visually impressive crystal locomotion. When taken over a phase transition, crystals of this material store mechanical strain and are rapidly self-actuated to sudden jumps to release the internal strain, leaping up to several centimeters. To establish the structural basis for this colossal crystal motility, we investigated the mechanical profile of the crystals from macroscale, in response to externally induced deformation under microscope, to nanoscale, by using nanoindentation. Kinematic analysis based on high-speed recordings of over 200 twinned TBB crystals exposed to directional or nondirectional heating unraveled that the crystal locomotion is a kinematically complex phenomenon that includes at least six kinematic effects. The nanoscale tests confirm the highly elastic nature, with an elastic deformation recovery (60%) that is far superior to those of molecular crystals reported earlier. This property appears to be critical for accumulation of stress required for crystal jumping. Twinned crystals of TBB exposed to moderate directional heating behave as all-organic analogue of a bimetallic `strip, where the lattice misfit between the two crystal components drives reveriible deformation of the crystal.

Solid state structure of p-bromo phenyl 4,5,7-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D-glycero-D-talo-septanoside and an analysis of non-covalent interactions

The solid state structure of a new seven-membered sugar oxepane derivative, namely, p-bromo phenyl 4,5,7-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D-glycero-D-talo-septanoside is discussed, as determined through single crystal X-ray structural determination and in relation to their conformational features. The molecule adopts twist-chair as the preferred conformation, with conformational descriptor (TC2,3)-T-0,1. The solid state packing of molecules is governed by a rich network of non-covalent bonding originating from O-H center dot center dot center dot O, C-H center dot center dot center dot pi, C-H center dot center dot center dot Br and aromatic pi center dot center dot center dot pi interactions that stabilize the packing of molecules in the crystal. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Transferencia de liquido ruminal o transfaunacion en terneros de 2 a 4 meses con trastornos de poco desarrollo corporal en la Finca Las Mercedes de la UNA

El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de Evaluar la transferencia de líquido ruminal o transfaunación en terneros de 2 a 4 meses con trastornos de poco desarrollo corporal como alternativa terapéutica para mejorar el estado físico y reducir problemas de salud en la Finca las Mercedes de la UNA. Se seleccionaron 20 terneros al azar con edades de 2 a 4 meses y se dividieron en dos grupos 10 terneros por grupo, homogéneos en edades y condición corporal, donde el tratamiento I aplicación del liquido ruminal en dosis de 1 litro por animal y el tratamiento II control sin tratamiento. El estudio se realizó en seis meses iniciando el 20 de Diciembre del 2006 hasta el 20 de Junio del 2007. Obteniéndose los siguientes resultados, los animales que se les aplicó líquido ruminal tuvieron una ganancia de peso de 80 Kg y una ganancia media diaria de 444g, mientras que los no tratados tuvieron una ganancia de peso de 58Kg y una ganancia media diaria de 322g. Al realizar el análisis estadístico se encontró diferencia significativa para p<0.05 entre tratamiento ganancia de peso y ganancia media diaria siendo el mejor el tratamiento I. Los animales que se les aplicó la transfaunación alcanzaron mejor condición corporal que los no tratados. Los animales que se les suministraron líquido ruminal se enfermaron 3 animales representando el 30%, mientras que los que no se trataron enfermaron 9 animales representando el 90%.

Uso eficiente del nitrógeno por cuatro variedades de sorgo granífero (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

La presente investigación experimental se realizó en la época de postrera del 2002 entre el 30 de Agosto y el 18 de Diciembre, en los terrenos de la finca del Señor Miguel Martínez, Comunidad El Bocón ubicada en el Municipio de San Isidro, Matagalpa. El experimento se estableció en un arreglo de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar a las variedades mejoradas de sorgo insensitivo al foto período, que hacen el uso más eficiente del nitrógeno en la producción de sorgo granífero en la zona seca Norte de Nicaragua. Las variedades en estudio fueron Pinolero1, Tortillero precoz, CNIA-INTA y CENTA-RCV, ésta última proveniente de El Salvador, a las cuales se le aplicaron tres dosis de Nitrógeno ( 53, 83 y 112 kg/ha ) cuyos resultados se compararon con un testigo (Variedad sin aplicación). En las variables de crecimiento (altura de planta , número de hojas y diámetro de tallo) se observaron diferencias altamente significativas entre los factores en estudio por separado y significativos para la mayoría de las variables en las interacciones donde se obtuvo efecto de las dosis de aplicación, a excepción de las variables, número de hoja y diámetro del tallo, a los 46 y 56 dds. Los resultados muestran que el mayor rendimiento obtenido fue para la variedad CNIA-INTA con dosis de aplicación de 83 kg/ha de nitrógeno y un rendimiento de 3 327.60 kg/ha. En esta misma variedad la dosis de 112 kg/ha de nitrógeno obtuvo un déficit de 244.5 kg/ha en comparación a la anterior. Sin embargo Pinolero1, Tortillero precoz y CENTA-RCV, obtuvieron sus mayores rendimientos con la aplicación de 112 kg/ha de nitrógeno con 2 886.55, 2 206.8 y 2 078.4 kg/ha respectivamente. El incremento de la fertilización ejerció efecto en el rendimiento de granos obtenidos con respecto al testigo. El uso eficiente del nitrógeno por las cuatro variedades en estudio muestran claramente que existe respuesta positiva al incrementar sus rendimientos con el incremento del nitrógeno aplicado, sobresaliendo la variedad CNIA-INTA, con 1 396.06 kg/ha más con respecto al testigo. El uso más eficiente del nitrógeno aplicado a las variedades fue obtenido por CNIA-INTA y Pinolero 1 al obtener mayor producción de granos por kg de nitrógeno aplicado.

Comparative Study Of The Influence Of Natural Convection On Directional Solidification Of Al-3.5 Wt% Ni And Al-7 Wt% Si Alloys

We present numerical simulations of thermosolutal convection for directional solidification of Al-3.5 wt% Ni and Al-7 wt% Si. Numerical results predict that fragmentation of dendrite arms resulting from dissolution could be favored in Al-7 wt% Si, but not in Al-3.5 wt% Ni. Corresponding experiments are in qualitative agreement with the numerical predictions. Distinguishing the two fragmentation mechanisms, namely dissolution and remelting, is critical during experiments on earth, when fluid flow is dominant. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

生物力学导论

在我国生物力学是门新兴学科，它既是医学和生物医学工程发展的需要，也是力学学科发展的必然生物力学以医学、生理学、生物学的学要为出发点和归宿，把力学的和生物学的方法有机地结合起来，去解决这些学科工程中所需解决的问题
本书详细介绍了这方面的有关知识和研究成果
附录与关键词: 生物力学 概论 生物力学 3>目录3>第一节 历史的源流
第一章 生物力学概说
目录
第二节 背景和需要
第三节 全景鸟瞰
第二章 生物力学的力学基础
第一节 运动和力
2、1、1质点系动力学和刚体动力学基础
2、1、2刚体动力学在生物力学中的应用
2、1、3量纲和单位
2、2、1连续性假说
第二节 连续介质力学基本知识
2、2、2描述连续介质运动的两种方法
2、2、3应力
2、2、4应变·应变率
2、2、5变形功和应变能
2、2、6弹性和粘弹性
2、3、1流变学的方法学的一般原理
第三节 本构关系——流变学的主题
2、3、2Hooke（胡克）弹性体
2、3、3牛顿流体和非牛顿流体
2、3、4线性粘弹性体
2、4、1生命现象和流体运动
第四节 生物流体力学基础
2、4、2不同层次和不同系统中的生理流动问题
2、4、3流体力学的基本原理
2、4、4流体力学的基本方程
2、4、5量纲分析·相似参数
2、4、6生物流体力学的相似性问题
第五节 生物传质及其热力学基础
2、5、1热力学的基础定律
2、5、2扩散
2、5、3渗透·滤过
2、5、4组织间质中的渗流
2、5、5通过细胞膜的物质输运
结语：符号和语法
第三章 活组织的力学性质
第一节 骨的力学性质
3、2、1软组织的结构要素
第二节 软组织的力学性质
3、2、2软组织力学性质的实验方法
3、2、3软组织力学行为的一般特点
3、2、4软组织的本构方程
3、3、1血管壁的构造
第三节 血管的力学性质
3、3、2动脉血管的力学性质
3、3、3静脉血管的力学性质
3、3、4微血管的力学性质
第四节 关节 软骨的力学性质
3、4、1准线性粘弹性本构关系
3、4、2关节软骨的两相模型
3、5、1流体的粘弹性
第五节 生物粘弹性流体
3、5、2关节滑液的粘弹性
结语：生物流变学的理论和实践意义
第四章 肌肉力学基础
第一节 骨胳肌、心肌和平滑肌
第二节 骨胳肌的微结构和收缩机理
第三节 Hill方程和Hill模型
4、3、1Hill模型（双元素）
4、3、2三元素模型
4、4、1静息状态下心肌的力学性质
第四节 心肌的力学性质
4、4、2Hill模型应用于心肌
第五节 平滑肌的力学性质
结语：需要新概念、新技术
第五章 血液流变学导论
第一节 血液的流变特性
5、1、1宏观血液流变学的方法学原理
5、1、2血浆的粘度
5、1、3血液的粘性
5、1、4血液的粘弹性
第二节 血液非牛顿特性的细观和微观说明
第三节 红细胞的运动和变形
5、3、1红细胞的几何形状
5、3、2红细胞沉降——血沉
5、3、3红细胞的可变形性
5、3、4红细胞膜的力学性质
5、3、5红细胞聚集
5、4、1Fahreus—Lindqvist效应和Fahraeus效应
第四节 血液在微血管里的流变特性
5、4、2毛细血管内红细胞的运动和阻力
5、4、3毛细血管和毛细血管网络内红细胞的分布（比积的变化）
5、4、4表观粘度和相对粘度
5、5、1白细胞的力学性质
第五节 白细胞的流变行为
5、5、2白细胞在微血管里的流变行为
5、6、1血小板的活性与流变学因素
第六节 血小板功能行为的流变学问题
5、6、2凝血过程中血液的粘弹性
第七节 血液的本构方程
5、7、1几类粘弹性本构方程的述评
5、7、2可能的选择
结语：愿望和现实
第六章 心脏力学
第一节 心脏的构造和功能
第二节 心脏和心瓣的液体力学问题
6、2、1心脏和心瓣流体力学的若干基本问题
6、2、2二尖瓣的运动及其流场
6、2、3主动脉瓣的运动及其流场
6、3、1左心室的压力—容积关系
第三节 心脏的力学模型和泵功能
6、3、2左心室的应力和应变
6、3、3心脏的泵功能
6、4、1左心与动脉系统的相互作用
第四节 心脏与血管系统的相互作用
6、4、2左心系统和右心系统之间的相互作用
第五节 人造心脏瓣膜的生物力学问题
6、5、1人工心瓣的流体力学性能的检测和评价
6、5、2人工心瓣的疲劳寿命问题
结语：生物力学在生物医学工程中的位置
第七章 血液循环的力学规律
7、1、1分枝血管系统的阻力分布
第一节 动脉系统的阻力分布和分枝形态-Poiseuille定律的应用
7、1、2血管分枝形态的优化分析
7、2、1弹性直圆柱管里的定常层流
第二节 可变形管道内的定常流动
7、2、2血管的应力状态和弹性不稳定性
7、2、3可瘪管流动
7、2、4可变形管道内小扰动的传播
7、2、5三种流动的比较
7、2、6可变形管定常流动的稳定性问题
第三节 动脉血管里的脉动流和脉搏波
7、3、1脉搏波
7、3、2直圆柱管内的振荡流
第四节 脉搏波在动脉血管系统里的传播
7、4、1传输线理论——线性模型
7、4、2非线性数值模型
7、4、3中医脉象与脉搏波
7、5、1大动脉中流动的一般特点
第五节 大动脉里的流动
7、5、2动脉粥样硬化与血液流动的动力特性
7、5、3弯曲对大血管流动的影响
7、5、4分枝管道的流动
7、5、5动脉狭窄的流体力学问题
7、5、6血管分枝、弯曲、截面积突变部位红细胞和血小板的运动
第六节 静脉血管里的流动
7、6、1静脉血管的力学性质
7、6、2静脉中的脉动流和波动
7、6、3瓣膜对静脉血流的影响
第七节 微循环力学
7、7、1微循环的几种构造模式
7、7、2微循环力学参数的在体观测
7、7、3微循环力学问题概述
7、7、4毛细血流与周围组织之间的物质输运
第八节 肺血流的力学规律
7、8、1肺血管系统的几何形态
7、8、2肺血管力学性质
7、8、3肺毛细血管组织内的流动——片流模型
7、8、4肺毛细血管组织中血液的表观粘度
7、8、5肺血流的阻力
7、8、6理论的实验检验
结语：一个必然的趋势
第八章 呼吸力学
第一节 呼吸道内的空气流动
8、1、1呼吸道的阻力
8、1、2上呼吸道里的流动
8、1、3呼吸系统的动力学行为
第二节 支气管里的对流扩散
第三节 肺泡内气体的扩散
第四节 肺泡和毛细血流之间的气体交换
8、4、1通过膜的气体扩散
8、4、2肺泡—红细胞之间的气体交换
8、4、3扩散容量的实验测定
8、4、4肺通气量与血流量的关系
第五节 肺功能的宏观评价
第六节 肺呼气流量极限
第九章 器官力学的几个不同方面
第一节 耳蜗力学
9、1、1耳蜗的解剖特点和超微结构
9、1、2耳蜗管内的波传播
9、1、3小振幅下的非线性响应
第二节 脊柱力学
9、2、1脊柱的力学性质
9、2、2腰椎的受力分析
9、2、3脊柱的冲击损伤
9、3、1冲击和弹性波
第三节 肺的冲击损伤
9、3、2冲击载荷引起的肺水肿
9、3、3关于冲击损伤引起肺水肿的机理
结语：方法·概念·诀窃
第十章 应力和生长
第一节 从零应力状态到应力——生长假说
10、2、1心脏肥大
10、2、2肺的重建
第二节 软组织和器官的重建
10、2、3血管的重建
第三节 结构—功能适应性原理在骨生物力学中的体现
10、3、1骨折的愈合
10、3、2骨组织的重建
10、4、1血液流动对血管内皮细胞的影响
第四节 流体动力对细胞生长的影响
10、4、2流体动力对离体培养的血管内皮细胞生长的影响
结语：未来的新天地

A measurement of the proton elastic form factors for 1 ≤ Q^2 ≤ 3 (GeV/c)^2

We report measurements of the proton form factors, G^p_E and G^p_M, extracted from elastic electron scattering in the range 1 ≤ Q^2 ≤ 3 (GeV/c)^2 with uncertainties of <15% in G^p_E and <3% in G^p_M. The results for G^p_E are somewhat larger than indicated by most theoretical parameterizations. The ratio of Pauli and Dirac form factors, Q^2(F^p_2/F^p_1), is lower in value and demonstrates less Q^2 dependence than these parameterizations have indicated. Comparisons are made to theoretical models, including those based on perturbative QCD, vector-meson dominance, QCD sum rules, and diquark constituents to the proton. A global extraction of the form factors, including previous elastic scattering measurements, is also presented.

Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase-assisted cleavage of aromatics by “anaerobic” termite gut spirochetes and genomic evidence of a complete meta-pathway

The termite hindgut microbial ecosystem functions like a miniature lignocellulose-metabolizing natural bioreactor, has significant implications to nutrient cycling in the terrestrial environment, and represents an array of microbial metabolic diversity. Deciphering the intricacies of this microbial community to obtain as complete a picture as possible of how it functions as a whole, requires a combination of various traditional and cutting-edge bioinformatic, molecular, physiological, and culturing approaches. Isolates from this ecosystem, including Treponema primitia str. ZAS-1 and ZAS-2 as well as T. azotonutricium str. ZAS-9, have been significant resources for better understanding the termite system. While not all functions predicted by the genomes of these three isolates are demonstrated in vitro, these isolates do have the capacity for several metabolisms unique to spirochetes and critical to the termite system’s reliance upon lignocellulose. In this thesis, work culturing, enriching for, and isolating diverse microorganisms from the termite hindgut is discussed. Additionally, strategies of members of the termite hindgut microbial community to defend against O₂-stress and to generate acetate, the “biofuel” of the termite system, are proposed. In particular, catechol 2,3-dioxygenase and other meta-cleavage catabolic pathway genes are described in the “anaerobic” termite hindgut spirochetes T. primitia str. ZAS-1 and ZAS-2, and the first evidence for aromatic ring cleavage in the phylum (division) Spirochetes is also presented. These results suggest that the potential for O₂-dependent, yet nonrespiratory, metabolisms of plant-derived aromatics should be re-evaluated in termite hindgut communities. Potential future work is also illustrated.

Zirconocenes as models for homogeneous Ziegler-Natta olefin polymerization catalysts

Using density functional theory, we studied the fundamental steps of olefin polymerization for zwitterionic and cationic Group IV ansa-zirconocenes and a neutral ansa- yttrocene. Complexes [H₂E(C₅H₄)₂ZrMe]ⁿ (n = 0: E = BH₂ (1), BF₂ (2), AlH₂(3); n = +: E = CH₂(4), SiH₂(5)) and H₂Si(C₅H₄)₂YMe were used as computational models. The largest differences among these three classes of compounds were the strength of olefin binding and the stability of the β-agostic alkyl intermediate towards β-hydrogen elimination. We investigated the effect of solvent on the reaction energetics for land 5. We found that in benzene the energetics became very similar except that a higher olefin insertion barrier was calculated for 1. The calculated anion affinity of [CH₃BF₃]^- was weaker towards 1 than 5. The calculated olefin binding depended primarily on the charge of the ansa linker, and the olefin insertion barrier was found to decrease steadily in the following order: [H₂C(C₅H₄)₂ZrMe]⁺ > [F₂B(C₅H₄)₂ZrMe] ≈ [H₂B(C₅H₄)₂ZrMe] > [H₂Si(C₅H₄)₂ZrMe]⁺ > [H₂Al(C₅H₄)₂ZrMe].

We prepared ansa-zirconocene dicarbonyl complexes Me₂ECp₂Zr(CO)₂ (E = Si, C), and t-butyl substituted complexes (t-BuCp)₂Zr(CO)₂, Me₂E(t-BuCp)₂Zr(CO)₂ (E = Si, C), (Me₂Si)₂(t-BuCp)₂Zr(CO)₂ as well as analogous zirconocene complexes. Both the reduction potentials and carbonyl stretching frequencies follow the same order: Me₂SiCp₂ZrCl₂> Me₂CCp₂ZrCl₂> Cp₂ZrCl₂> (Me₂Si)₂Cp₂ZrCl₂. This ordering is a result of both the donating abilities of the cyclopentadienyl substituents and the orientation of the cyclopentadiene rings. Additionally, we prepared a series of analogous cationic zirconocene complexes [LZrOCMe₃][MeB(C₆F₅)₃] (L = CP₂, Me₂SiCp₂, Me₂CCP₂, (Me₂Si)₂Cp₂) and studied the kinetics of anion dissociation. We found that the enthalpy of anion dissociation increased from 10.3 kcal•mol^-1 to 17.6 kcal•mol^-1 as exposure of the zirconium center increased.

We also prepared series of zirconocene complexes bearing 2,2-dimethyl-2-sila-4-pentenyl substituents (and methyl-substituted olefin variants). Methide abstraction with B(C₆F₅) results in reversible coordination of the tethered olefin to the cationic zirconium center. The kinetics of olefin dissociation have been examined using NMR methods, and the effects of ligand variation for unlinked, singly [SiMe₂]-linked and doubly [SiMe₂]-linked bis(cyclopentadienyl) arrangements has been compared (ΔG‡ for olefin dissociation varies from 12.8 to 15.6 kcal•mol^-1). Methide abstraction from 1,2-(SiMe₂)₂(η⁵-C₅H₃)₂Zr(CH₃)-(CH₂CMe₂CH₂CH = CH₂) results in rapid β-allyl elimination with loss of isobutene yielding the allyl cation [{1,2-(SiMe₂)₂(η⁵-C₅H₃)₂Zr(η³-CH₂CH=CH₂)]⁺.