973 resultados para Unstructured content search
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Mikkelin talousvedest kahden kolmasosan tullessa Pursialan pohjavesialueelta on alueen suojeleminen trke. Pohjaveden laatua uhkaavat etenkin alueella sattuneet pohjavedenpilaantumistapaukset. Merkittvimmt pohjaveden pilaantumistapaukset ovat VAPO Oy:n sahan aiheuttama pohjaveden pilaantuminen kloorifenoleilla (CP) ja VR:n rataplkkykyllstmn aiheuttama pohjaveden pilaantuminen kreosoottiljyll sek Rinnekadun Nesteen aiheuttama pohjaveden pilaantuminen MTBE:ll. Alueella on tehty tutkimuksia ja kunnostuksia pilaantumiin liittyen, mutta niden tuloksia ei ole aikaisemmin koottu yhteen. Tmn tyn tavoitteena oli koota tulokset samaan aineistoon. Tyss keskityttiin kloorifenolien levimisen tarkasteluun sen Pursialan pohjavedenottamolle muodostaman suurimman uhan vuoksi. Kalliopertietojen, maanpintatietojen ja nytetietojen pohjalta laadittiin mys pienoismalli CP-pilaantuman levimisen kokonaiskuvan hahmottamiseksi. Tyn tavoitteena oli lisksi tehd riskitarkastelua CP-pilaantumaan liittyen ja etsi keinoja hallita havaittuja riskej. Riskinhallintaan liittyen tyss tutkittiin kloorifenoleilla pilaantuneen alueen maaper- ja kalliotietoja sek pohjaveden laatutietoja. Pursialan pohjavedess on runsaasti rautaa ja mangaania sek aggressiivista hiilihappoa. Pohjaveden pH on alueella noin 6,5, lmptila noin 7,5 C ja happipitoisuus noin 0,7 mg/l. Pursialan kaupunginalueen kallioperss on havaittavissa VAPO Oy:n sahalta vedenottamolle etenev kalliopainanne, jota pitkin CP etenee. Alueen kallioper on kiillegneissi, jossa on pohjoisetel-suuntaista rakoilua. Maapertuloksien perusteella on havaittavissa vett hyvin johtavien maakerrosten jatkuminen koko vedenottamon ja sahan vlisen matkan, mik tarkoittaa, ett CP-pitoisella pohjavedell voi olla aiemmin oletettua nopeampikin yhteys sahalta vedenottamolle. Suurin CP-pitoisuus noin 100 000 g/l on mitattu KY-5-altaan kohdalle asennetun M14-pohjavesiputken pohjasta. Talousvesiasetuksen raja-arvo CP:lle on 10 g/l. Sahan ja vedenottamon puolivliss on havaittu yli 10 000 g/l menevi CP-pitoisuuksia. Suurin vedenottamon kaivoista (kaivo 10) mitattu pitoisuus on 149 g/l. Jakotukilta raakavedest otetuissa nytteiss tai talousvedess ei ole kuitenkaan havaittu talousvesiasetuksen ylittvi CP-pitoisuuksia. Pienoismallin perusteella CP sijaitsee sahan alueella lhell kallionpintaa ja hajaantuu koko pohjavesipatjaan vedenottamolle pin mentess. CP-mittaustuloksissa on havaittavissa pulssimaisuutta. Tm johtuu todennkisesti Saimaan pinnan vaihtelun seurauksena muuttuvasta rantaimeytyneen pohjaveden mrst. Saimaan pinnan nousu nyttisi tuloksien perusteella nostavan CP-pitoisuuksia saha-alueella ja laskevan lhell vedenottamoa. Pohjaveden pintatietojen perusteella tehdyn tarkastelun mukaan pohjavesi voi kulkeutua sahalta vedenottamolle parhaimmillaan noin vuodessa. Tyss arvioitiin KY-5liuoksen vuosittaiseksi kyttmrksi noin 648970 m3. Allassakkaa arvioitiin syntyneen yhteens noin 1031 m3. Pohjaveteen arvioitiin joutuneen toiminnan aikana yhteens noin 3 0004 000 kg CP:t. Kloorifenolit esiintyvt pohjavedess lhes tysin kloorifenolaatteina. Kloorifenolien hajoaminen ja muuntuminen pohjavedess on eptodennkist. Ksitteellisen mallin mukaan kloorifenolipilaantuman suurimmat riskit aiheutuvat kloorifenolien mahdollisuudesta pilata Pursialan vedenottamon talousvesi. Tll hetkell riskej hallitaan kloorifenolien levimisen tarkkailulla, sahan ja vedenottamon puolivliss sijaitsevalla koepumppauksella sek varautumalla aktiivihiilijauheen syttn talousvesiprosessiin. Koepumppauksen avulla on saatu yls tll hetkell noin 69 kg kloorifenoleita. Tutkimuksen perusteella suositeltavimmat riskinhallintatoimet tulevaisuudessa ovat sahalla sijaitseva kunnostuspumppaus, sahan ja vedenottamon vliin sijoittuva suojapumppaus- ja vesiverhoyhdistelm sek sahan rannan kautta tapahtuvan rantaimeytymisen estminen.
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ABSTRACT The essay objective was to correlate lignin content resulting from tigmomorphogenesis induced by stem swaying with survival and post-planting growth of P. taeda seedlings. Seedlings were subjected to daily frequencies (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 movements) of stem swaying for 60 days. By the end of the treatments, we determined lignin content of below and aboveground seedling tissues. Four replicates per treatment were planted in a area cultivated with pines. Ninety days after planting, survival and increments of seedling height, stem diameter and stem volume were quantified. Application of 20 stem swayings increased lignin in both below and aboveground plant tissues. Outplanted seedling survival was reduced with 40 stem swayings while growth increments were increased with both 10 and 20 stem swayings. Lignin content from belowground plant tissues was positively correlated with outplanted seedling survival while lignin from aboveground tissues correlated with height and stem volume increments. P. taeda seedlings with higher lignin content have higher survival chances after planting.
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ABSTRACT The climate change, the quest for sustainability and the strong environmental pressures for alternatives to traditional fossil fuels have increased the interest in the search and use of renewable energy sources. Among them stands out the biomass of charcoal coming from renewable forests, widely used as a thermal reductant in the steel industry in the detriment of the use of mineral coal coke. This study aimed to compare different operating procedures of immediate chemical analysis of charcoal. Seven essays to immediate chemical analysis were compared, spread between procedures performed by Brazilian companies and laboratories, the test described by NBR 8112 and one realized with a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) using the parameters of the NBR 8112. There were significant differences in the volatiles matter content and consequently in the fixed carbon contents found. The differences between the procedures and the NBR 8112 were caused by an excess burning time, a mass sample above or below the standard or inappropriate container used for burning. It observed that the TGA appraisal of the volatiles content must be carried out with a burning time equal to 2 minutes to obtain results similar to those of the NBR 8112 norm. Moreover, the ash content values were statistically identical and the particles size did not influence the differences between means.
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The article is located at the Daily Sun's editorial section's subsection "Post-Log."
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The irrigation management based on the monitoring of the soil water content allows for the minimization of the amount of water applied, making its use more efficient. Taking into account these aspects, in this work, a sensor for measuring the soil water content was developed to allow real time automation of irrigation systems. This way, problems affecting crop yielding such as irregularities in the time to turn on or turn off the pump, and excess or deficit of water can be solved. To develop the sensors were used stainless steel rods, resin, and insulating varnish. The sensors measuring circuit was based on a microcontroller, which gives its output signal in the digital format. The sensors were calibrated using soil of the type Quartzarenic Neosoil. A third order polynomial model was fitted to the experimental data between the values of water content corresponding to the field capacity and the wilting point to correlate the soil water content obtained by the oven standard method with those measured by the electronic circuit, with a coefficient of determination of 93.17%, and an accuracy in the measures of 0.010 kg kg-1. Based on the results, it was concluded that the sensor and its implemented measuring circuit can be used in the automation process of irrigation systems.
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The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of different irrigation depths and potassium dosages, of Jatropha seed oil content and yield. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, in split-plots, with four replicates. The treatments were four water depths (plots) and four potassium dosages (subplots) applied through irrigation water. The water depths were applied based on the percentage of accumulated evaporation of a Class A (ECA) tank and of rainfall, as following: L0 = without irrigation, L40, L80 and L120, representing 40, 80 and 120% of the balance, respectively. The potassium dosages were K30, K60, K90 and K120 (30, 60, 90 and 120kg ha-1 of potassium, respectively). The oil extraction of samples was done through chemical extraction by organic solvent. The seeds used in this test were from the sampling of two seed productions from 2009, second year of crop production. It was possible to observe that irrigation use increased oil yield and decreased the oil content of Jatropha seed. Potassium fertilization did not influence oil content and yield. There was a relative increase of efficiency in water use producing oil until certain water depth, and after that there was a decrease.
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Soil compaction caused by machinery traffic reduces crop yields. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of intensive traffic, and the soil water content, on the soil penetration resistance (PR) of a Rhodic Eutrudox (Distroferric Red Latosol, Brazilian Classification), managed under no-tillage (NT). The experiment consisted of six treatments: NT with recent chiseling, NT without additional compaction, and NT with additional compaction by 4, 8, 10 and 20 passes of a harvester with a weight of 100 kN (70 kN on the front axle). Undisturbed soil samples were collected at 5.5-10.5 cm and 13.5-18.5 cm depth to quantify the soil bulk density (BD). The PR was assessed in four periods, using an impact penetrometer, inserted in the soil to a depth of 46 cm. The effect of traffic intensities on the PR was small when this variable was assessed with the soil in the plastic consistency. Differences in PR among treatments increased as the soil water content decreased. The increase in the values of PR and BD was higher in the first passes, but the increase in the number of traffics resulted in deeper soil compaction. The machinery traffic effects on PR are better characterized in the friable soil consistency.
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The determination of volumetric water content of soils is an important factor in irrigation management. Among the indirect methods for estimating, the time-domain reflectometry (TDR) technique has received a significant attention. Like any other technique, it has advantages and disadvantages, but its greatest disadvantage is the need of calibration and high cost of acquisition. The main goal of this study was to establish a calibration model for the TDR equipment, Trase System Model 6050X1, to estimate the volumetric water content in a Distroferric Red Latosol. The calibration was carried out in a laboratory with disturbed soil samples under study, packed in PVC columns of a volume of 0.0078m. The TDR probes were handcrafted with three rods and 0.20m long. They were vertically installed in soil columns, with a total of five probes per column and sixteen columns. The weightings were carried out in a digital scale, while daily readings of dielectric constant were obtained in TDR equipment. The linear model θν = 0.0103 Ka + 0.1900 to estimate the studied volumetric water content showed an excellent coefficient of determination (0.93), enabling the use of probes in indirect estimation of soil moisture.
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Straw on sowing line modifies seed germination environment regarding temperature and water content. Given these considerations, the aim of this study was to evaluate different mechanisms for coverage mobilization on the sowing line and their effect on germination environment of maize seeds, mainly in relation to the dynamics of straw in the seedbed, water content and soil temperature. Treatments consisted on the combination of two mechanisms at front of furrow opener, composed of cutting disc and row cleaners, with three mechanisms behind the seed furrower for returning the soil, consisting of three covering mechanisms, commercial and prototype models. It was found that straw presence on the surface of sowing line contributed to germination of maize seeds, maintenance of temperature and soil water content. The cutting disc treatment, associated with prototype, introduced percentages of water content near the ones in bottom layer, and this soil water content was 29.7% with 93.75% of straw coverage and deeper seeding depth, granting better conditions for seed germination. However, the straw coverage removal on soil by the row cleaners and its low sowing depth caused water loss in the lines resulting in great reduction of the emergence speed index in maize seedlings.
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Att vervaka frekomsten av giftiga komponenter i naturliga vattendrag r ndvndigt fr mnniskans vlmende. Eftersom halten av froreningar i naturens ekosystem br hllas mjligast lg, pgr en stndig jakt efter kemiska analysmetoder med allt lgre detektionsgrnser. I dagens lge grs miljanalyser med dyr och sofistikerad instrumentering som krver mycket underhll. Jonselektiva elektroder har flera goda egenskaper som t.ex. brbarhet, lg energifrbrukning, och dessutom r de relativt kostnadseffektiva. Att anvnda jonselektiva elektroder vid miljanalyser r mjligt om deras knslighetsomrde kan utvidgas genom att snka deras detektionsgrnser. Fr att snka detektionsgrnsen fr Pb(II)-selektiva elektroder undersktes olika typer av jonselektiva membran som baserades p polyakrylat-kopolymerer, PVC och PbS/Ag2S. Fast-fas elektroder med membran av PbS/Ag2S r i allmnhet enklare och mer robusta n konventionella elektroder vid sprmnesanalys av joniska froreningar. Fast-fas elektrodernas detektionsgrns snktes i detta arbete med en nyutvecklad galvanostatisk polariseringsmetod och de kunde sedan framgngsrikt anvndas fr kvantitativa bestmningar av bly(II)-halter i miljprov som hade samlats in i den finska skrgrden nra tidigare industriomrden. Analysresultaten som erhlls med jonselektiva elektroder bekrftades med andra analytiska metoder. Att snka detektionsgrnsen m.hj.a. den nyutvecklade polariseringsmetoden mjliggr bestmning av lga och ultra-lga blyhalter som inte kunde ns med klassisk potentiometri. Den verkliga frdelen med att anvnda dessa blyselektiva elektroder r mjligheten att utfra mtningar i obehandlade miljprov trots nrvaron av fasta partiklar vilket inte r mjligt att gra med andra analysmetoder. Jag vntar mig att den nyutvecklade polariseringsmetoden kommer att stta en trend i sprmnesanalys med jonselektiva elektroder.
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In recent years, the worldwide distribution of smartphone devices has been growing rapidly. Mobile technologies are evolving fast, a situation which provides new possibilities for mobile learning applications. Along with new delivery methods, this development enables new concepts for learning. This study focuses on the effectiveness and experience of a mobile learning video promoting the key features of a specific device. Through relevant learning theories, mobile technologies and empirical findings, the thesis presents the key elements for a mobile learning video that are essential for effective learning. This study also explores how previous experience with mobile services and knowledge of a mobile handset relate to final learning results. Moreover, this study discusses the optimal delivery mechanisms for a mobile video. The target group for the study consists of twenty employees of a Sanoma Company. The main findings show that the individual experience of learning and the actual learning results may differ and that the design for certain video elements, such as sound and the presentation of technical features, can have an impact on the experience and effectiveness of a mobile learning video. Moreover, a video delivery method based on cloud technologies and HTML5 is suggested to be used in parallel with standalone applications.
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The primary objective of this thesis is to assess how the backlink portfolio structure and off site Search Engine Optimisation (SEO) elements influence ranking of UK based online nursery shops. The growth of the internet use demanded significant effort from companies to optimize and increase their online presence in order to cope with the increasing online competition. The new e-Commerce technology - called Search Engine Optimisation - has been developed that helped increase website visibility of companies. The SEO process involves on site elements (i.e. changing the parameters of the company's website such as keywords, title tags and meta descriptions) and off site elements (link building and social media marketing activity). Link Building is based on several steps of marketing planning including keyword research and competitor analysis. The underlying goal of keyword research is to understand the targeted market through identifying relevant keyword queries that are used by targeted costumer group. In the analysis, three types (geographic, field and companys strategy related) and seven sources of keywords has been identified and used as a base of analysis. Following the determination of the most popular keywords, allinanchor and allintitle search has been conducted and the first ten results of the searches have been collected to identify the companies with the most significant web presence among the nursery shops. Finally, Link Profiling has been performed where the essential goal was to understand to what extent other companies' link structure is different that the base company's backlinks. Significant difference has been found that distinguished the top three companies ranking in the allinanchor and allintitle search. The top three companies, Mothercare, Mamas and Papas and Kiddicare maintained significantly better metrics regarding domain and page authority on the main landing pages, the average number of outbound links for link portfolio metric and in number of backlinks. These companies also ranked among the highest in page authority distribution and followed external linking.
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David Smithin esitys Europeana typajassa 20.11.2012 Helsingiss.
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This dissertation explores the use of internal and external sources of knowledge in modern innovation processes. It builds on a framework that combines theories such as a behavioural theory of the firm, the evolutionary theory of economic change, and modern approaches to strategic management. It follows the recent increase in innovation research focusing on the firm-level examination of innovative activities instead of traditional industry-level determinants. The innovation process is seen as a problem- and slack- driven search process, which can take several directions in terms of organizational boundaries in the pursuit of new knowledge and other resources. It thus draws on recent models of technological change, according to which firms nowadays should build their innovative activities on both internal and external sources of innovation rather than relying solely on internal resources. Four different research questions are addressed, all of which are empirically investigated via a rich dataset covering Finnish innovators collected by Statistics Finland. Firstly, the study examines how the nature of problems shapes the direction of any search for new knowledge. In general it demonstrates that the nature of the problem does affect the direction of the search, although under resource constraints firms tend to use external rather than internal sources of knowledge. At the same time, it shows that those firms that are constrained in terms of finance seem to search both internally and externally. Secondly, the dissertation investigates the relationships between different kinds of internal and external sources of knowledge in an attempt to find out where firms should direct their search in order to exploit the potential of a distributed innovation process. The concept of complementarities is applied in this context. The third research question concerns how the use of external knowledge sources openness to external knowledge influences the financial performance of firms. Given the many advantages of openness presented in the current literature, the focus is on how it shapes profitability. The results reveal a curvilinear relationship between profitability and openness (taking an inverted U-shape), the implication being that it pays to be open up to a certain point, but being too open to external sources may be detrimental to financial performance. Finally, the dissertation addresses some challenges in CISbased innovation research that have received relatively little attention in prior studies. The general aim is to underline the fact that comprehensive understanding of the complex process of technological change requires the constant development of methodological approaches (in terms of data and measures, for example). All the empirical analyses included in the dissertation are based on the Finnish CIS (Finnish Innovation Survey 1998-2000).
