Primary isolation of spotted fever group rickettsiae from Amblyomma cooperi collected from Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris in Brazil

This paper reports the first isolation of a spotted fever group rickettsia from an Amblyomma cooperi ixodid collected from a capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) in an endemic area of spotted fever in the County of Pedreira, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Isolation was performed in Vero cell culture and submitted to immunofluorescence, using antibody from Rickettsia rickettsii-positive human serum.

Obtenció de nous anàlegs amb activitat brassinoesteroide mitjançant modelització molecular i síntesi

Els brassinoesteroides són productes naturals que actuen com a potents reguladors del creixement vegetal. Presenten aplicacions prometedores en l’agricultura degut a que, aplicats exògenament, augmenten la qualitat i la quantitat de les collites. Ara bé, el seu ús s’ha vist restringit degut a la seva costosa obtenció. Aquest fet ha motivat la recerca de nous compostos actius més assequibles. En aquest projecte es planteja el disseny i obtenció de nous anàlegs seguint diferents estratègies que impliquen tant l’ús de mètodes de modelització molecular com de síntesi orgànica. La primera d’aquestes estratègies consisteix en buscar compostos actius en bases de dades de compostos comercials a través de processos de Virtual Screening desenvolupats amb mètodes computacionals basats en Camps d’Interacció Molecular. Així, es van establir i interpretar models de Relacions Quantitatives Estructura-Activitat (QSAR) emprant descriptors independents de l’alineament (GRIND) i, amb col•laboració amb la Universitat de Perugia, aquest criteri de cerca es va ampliar amb l’aplicació de descriptors FLAP de nova generació. Una altra estratègia es va basar en intentar substituir l’esquelet esteroide dels brassinoesteroides per una estructura equivalent, fixant com a cadena lateral el grup (R)-hexahidromandelil. S’han aplicat dos criteris: mètodes computacionals basats en models QSAR establerts amb descriptors GRIND i també en la metodologia SHOP (scaffold hopping), i, per altra banda, anàlegs proposats racionalment a partir d’un estudi efectuat sobre disruptors endocrins no esteroïdals. Sobre les estructures trobades s’hi va unir la cadena lateral comercial esmentada per via sintètica, en la qual s’ha hagut de fer un èmfasi especial en grups protectors. En total, 49 estructures es proposen per a ser obtingudes sintèticament. També s’ha treballat en l’obtenció un agonista derivat de l’hipotètic antagonista KM-01. Totes les molècules candidates, ja siguin comercials o obtingudes sintèticament, estant sent avaluades en el test d’inclinació de la làmina d’arròs (RLIT).

Projecte pilot d'innovació docent de l'assignatura Estructura de Computadors I

L'objectiu del projecte ha estat la millora de la qualitat docent de l'assignatura Estructura de Computadors I, impartida a la Facultat d'Informàtica de Barcelona (UPC) dins els estudis d'Enginyeria Informàtica, Enginyeria Tècnica en Informàtica de Sistemes i Enginyeria Tècnica en Informàtica de Gestió. S'ha treballat en quatre línies d'actuació: (i) aplicació de tècniques d'aprenentatge actiu a les classes; (ii) aplicació de tècniques d'aprenentage cooperatiu no presencials; (iii) implantació de noves TIC i adaptació de les ja emprades per tal d'habilitar mecanismes d'autoavaluació i de realimentació de la informació referent a l'avaluació; i (iv) difusió de les experiències derivades de les diferents actuacions. Referent a les dues primeres mesures s'avalua l'impacte de metodologies docents que afavoreixen l'aprenentatge actiu tant de forma presencial com no presencial, obtenint-se clares millores en el rendiment respecte a altres metodologies utilitzades anteriorment enfocades a la realització de classes del tipus magistral, en què únicament es posa a l'abast dels alumnes la documentació de l'assignatura per a què puguin treballar de forma responsable. Les noves metodologies fan especial èmfasi en el treball en grup a classe i la compartició de les experiències fora de classe a través de fòrums de participació. La mesura que ha requerit més esforç en aquest projecte és la tercera, amb el desenvolupament d'un entorn d'interfície web orientat a la correcció automàtica de programes escrits en llenguatge assemblador. Aquest entorn permet l'autoavaluació per part dels alumnes dels exercicis realitzats a l'assignatura, amb obtenció d'informació detallada sobre les errades comeses. El treball realitzat dins d'aquest projecte s'ha publicat en congressos rellevants en l'àrea docent tant a nivell estatal com internacional. El codi font de l'entorn esmentat anteriorment es posa a disposició pública a través d'un enllaç a la web.

Serum-Mediane von Placentaprotein-Markern: Relevanz der Unterschiede zwischen spontanen und nach-in-vitro-Fertilisation eingetretenen Schwangerschaften für das fetale Trisomie-Screening.

Trisomy-21 (Down syndrome) is the most frequent chromosomal abnorm- ality but only one third of cases would be detected by amniocentesis based on maternal age alone. Serum screening tests in the early second trimester increase the detec- tion rate to 60-65%, and more recently it was found that such screening was also possible in the first trimester by quantifying a diffe- rent panel of markers. The concen- trations of these placental proteins are strongly dependent on gestatio- nal age; thus control medians must be established and precise dating is essential. Serum chorionic gonado- trophin (HCG) levels were recently found to be increased in IVF preg- nancies compared to spontaneous gestations, leading to a falsely ele- vated trisomy screening risk. The aim of this preliminary study was to find out whether, in the first-trime- ster screening, the markers similarly differed between IVF and spontane- ous pregnancies which would call for the establishment of separate normal medians for IVF patients. We compared 24 pregnancies ob- tained after ovarian stimulation and IVF with six women after thawed embryo transfer (unstimulated cycle) and 63 gestation- and maternal-age matched spontaneously pregnant controls. A single serum was ob- tained between 6 and 16 weeks of gestation and various placental protein levels determined by im- munometric assays. Serum levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), which is the major marker in the first-trimes- ter screening test, were reduced in IVF pregnancies: after 9 weeks of gestation, multiples of median (MoMs) ranged between 0.23 and 3.58 (logarithmic mean 0.743). For the frozen/thawed transfers, this value was 1.08. In the 9-12 week group containing 6 cases of IVF, three thawed transfers and 25 con- trols, PAPP-A was significantly redu- ced in the stimulated compared to the nonstimulated cycles. In the late first and early second trimester the difference was not significant in our small group but the trend persisted. Pregnancies after IVF will thus show an increased incidence of false positive results in fetal trisomy-21 screening, and special medians should be established for these pati- ents.

Treatment of localised resectable neuroblastoma. Results of the LNESG1 study by the SIOP Europe Neuroblastoma Group.

Main objective of this study was to confirm that surgery alone is an effective and safe treatment for localised resectable neuroblastoma except stage 2 with amplified MYCN gene (MYCNA). Of 427 eligible stages 1-2 patients, 411 had normal MYCN and 16 had MYCNA. Of the 288 stage 1 patients with normal MYCN, 1 died of complications and 16 relapsed, 2 of whom died; 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 94.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 91.6-97) and 98.9% (95% CI: 97.7-100), respectively. Of the 123 stage 2 patients with normal MYCN, 1 died of sepsis and 22 relapsed, 8 of whom died (RFS 82.8%, 95% CI: 76.2-89.5; OS 93.2%, 95% CI: 88.7-97.8). In stage 2, OS and RFS were worse for patients with elevated LDH and unfavourable histopathology. Of 16 children with MYCNA, 7 were stage 1 (5 relapses and 4 deaths) and 9 were stage 2 (3 relapses and 2 deaths) patients. In conclusion, surgery alone yielded excellent OS for both stage 1 and 2 neuroblastoma without MYCNA, although stage 2 patients with unfavourable histopathology and elevated LDH suffered a high number of relapses. Both stage 1 and 2 patients with MYCNA were at greater risk of relapse.

International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Handling and Staging of Radical Prostatectomy Specimens. Working group 3: extraprostatic extension, lymphovascular invasion and locally advanced disease.

The International Society of Urological Pathology Consensus Conference on Handling and Staging of Radical Prostatectomy Specimens in Boston made recommendations regarding the standardization of pathology reporting of radical prostatectomy specimens. Issues relating to extraprostatic extension (pT3a disease), bladder neck invasion, lymphovascular invasion and the definition of pT4 were coordinated by working group 3. It was agreed that prostate cancer can be categorized as pT3a in the absence of adipose tissue involvement when cancer bulges beyond the contour of the gland or beyond the condensed smooth muscle of the prostate at posterior and posterolateral sites. Extraprostatic extension can also be identified anteriorly. It was agreed that the location of extraprostatic extension should be reported. Although there was consensus that the amount of extraprostatic extension should be quantitated, there was no agreement as to which method of quantitation should be employed. There was overwhelming consensus that microscopic urinary bladder neck invasion by carcinoma should be reported as stage pT3a and that lymphovascular invasion by carcinoma should be reported. It is recommended that these elements are considered in the development of practice guidelines and in the daily practice of urological surgical pathology.

The new direct oral anticoagulants in special indications: rationale and preliminary data in cancer, mechanical heart valves, anti-phospholipid syndrome, and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and beyond.

The present review will briefly summarize the interplay between coagulation and inflammation, highlighting possible effects of direct inhibition of factor Xa and thrombin beyond anticoagulation. Additionally, the rationale for the use of the new direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for indications such as cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (CAT), mechanical heart valves, thrombotic anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS), and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) will be explored. Published data on patients with cancer or mechanical heart valves treated with DOAC will be discussed, as well as planned studies in APS and HIT. Although at the present time published evidence is insufficient for recommending DOAC in the above-mentioned indications, there are good arguments in favor of clinical trials investigating their efficacy in these contexts. Direct inhibition of factor Xa or thrombin may reveal interesting effects beyond anticoagulation as well.

Theory of mind tasks and executive functions: A systematic review of group studies in neurology.

A growing number of studies have been addressing the relationship between theory of mind (TOM) and executive functions (EF) in patients with acquired neurological pathology. In order to provide a global overview on the main findings, we conducted a systematic review on group studies where we aimed to (1) evaluate the patterns of impaired and preserved abilities of both TOM and EF in groups of patients with acquired neurological pathology and (2) investigate the existence of particular relations between different EF domains and TOM tasks. The search was conducted in Pubmed/Medline. A total of 24 articles met the inclusion criteria. We considered for analysis classical clinically accepted TOM tasks (first- and second-order false belief stories, the Faux Pas test, Happe's stories, the Mind in the Eyes task, and Cartoon's tasks) and EF domains (updating, shifting, inhibition, and access). The review suggests that (1) EF and TOM appear tightly associated. However, the few dissociations observed suggest they cannot be reduced to a single function; (2) no executive subprocess could be specifically associated with TOM performances; (3) the first-order false belief task and the Happe's story task seem to be less sensitive to neurological pathologies and less associated to EF. Even though the analysis of the reviewed studies demonstrates a close relationship between TOM and EF in patients with acquired neurological pathology, the nature of this relationship must be further investigated. Studies investigating ecological consequences of TOM and EF deficits, and intervention researches may bring further contributions to this question.

Group strategy-proof social choice functions with binary ranges and arbitrary domains: characterization results

We define different concepts of group strategy-proofness for social choice functions. We discuss the connections between the defined concepts under different assumptions on their domains of definition. We characterize the social choice functions that satisfy each one of them and whose ranges consist of two alternatives, in terms of two types of basic properties.

Index theory for basic Dirac operators on Riemannian foliations

In this paper we prove a formula for the analytic index of a basic Dirac-type operator on a Riemannian foliation, solving a problem that has been open for many years. We also consider more general indices given by twisting the basic Dirac operator by a representation of the orthogonal group. The formula is a sum of integrals over blowups of the strata of the foliation and also involves eta invariants of associated elliptic operators. As a special case, a Gauss-Bonnet formula for the basic Euler characteristic is obtained using two independent proofs.

Subjective Memory Deficits in People with and without Dementia: Findings from the 10/66 Dementia Research Group Pilot Studies in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

OBJECTIVES To compare subjective memory deficit (SMD) in older adults with and without dementia or depression across multiple centers in low- and middle-income countries (LAMICs). DESIGN Secondary analysis of data from 23 case control studies. SETTING Twenty-three centers in India, Southeast Asia (including China), Latin America and the Caribbean, Nigeria, and Russia. PARTICIPANTS Two thousand six hundred ninety-two community-dwelling people aged 60 and older in one of three groups: people with dementia, people with depression, and controls free of dementia and depression. MEASUREMENTS SMD was derived from the Geriatric Mental State examination. RESULTS Median SMD frequency was lowest in participants without dementia (26.2%) and higher in those with depression (50.0%) and dementia (66.7%). Frequency of SMD varied between centers. Depression and dementia were consistently associated with SMD. Older age and hypochondriasis were associated with SMD only in subjects without dementia. In those with dementia, SMD was associated with better cognitive function, whereas the reverse was the case in controls. CONCLUSION Associations with SMD may differ between subjects with and without dementia living in LAMICs.