881 resultados para Social representations theory
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Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC
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The paper presents a work project developed by the Laboratory of Studies and Research in History Teaching of Unesp/campus Assis (LEPEDIH), which the classroom is understood as a place of construction of historical knowledge through experiences, between students, teachers and future teachers that add teaching, research and extension, in a way that occur the approach between university and public elementary schools in order that participants can relate the study of history with their own life.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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OBJETIVO: Conhecer as representações sociais dos profissionais das equipes de saúde da família sobre o fazer teórico-prático do nutricionista. A pesquisa foi realizada em Unidades de Saúde da Família de um município do estado de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Foi utilizada a metodologia qualitativa, tendo como sujeitos 27 profissionais, eleitos por critério intencional. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Para a interpretação dos dados, utilizou-se a análise categorial temática, apropriando-se da Teoria das Representações Sociais. RESULTADOS: Como resultados, emergiram quatro temas: Nutricionista na Estratégia de Saúde da Família, Abordagem de questões alimentares pelos profissionais da equipe de saúde da família, Educação nutricional e Problematizando a ausência do nutricionista na equipe de saúde da família. As principais representações obtidas com relação ao nutricionista foram relacionadas à prescrição de dietas, além de revelarem um conhecimento mais amplo sobre as funções e atribuições desse profissional. Não houve dúvidas sobre a importância da educação nutricional na promoção de práticas alimentares saudáveis, apesar de os sujeitos terem demonstrado uma visão superficial e pouco abalizada teoricamente sobre o tema. CONCLUSÃO: A ausência do nutricionista na equipe de saúde da família foi atribuída a fatores como o baixo reconhecimento social, a desvalorização profissional, o pouco tempo de existência da profissão, o desconhecimento do núcleo de competência do nutricionista e a manutenção do modelo médico hegemônico. Concluiu-se pela necessidade de mais estudos que problematizem a inserção do nutricionista em equipes de saúde da família.
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In addition to understanding the distribution of the populations’ health-disease process, epidemiology has sought to study the causality associated with this process, which humanity developed over time, and to interpret the narrative of this field of knowledge. A solid review of the literature was done to emphasize the importance of using popular knowledge as a qualitative health-related investigation strategy and to demystify the use of social representations in the field of dentistry. By initiating the design of a new paradigm for understanding the oral health-disease process, which favors the idea that it is also the result of a sociocultural production, knowledge of the circumstances and context in which it is inserted becomes critical for health assessment actions. Although scientific dentistry has advanced the understanding of oral diseases, communication with popular knowledge leaves much to be desired, since most professionals find themselves trapped in a fragmented model of care. Reconstruction of the logic by which the representations of oral health were produced and socialized over time can be considered a relevant and productive purpose of the representations in the dental area.
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Pós-graduação em Comunicação - FAAC
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This study aimed to identify the work developed by the Judiciary to prevent sexual violence against children and adolescents within the family. The approach to social representations in a cultural perspective was used. The field study consisted in the 1st and 2nd Court of Crimes against Children and Adolescents, at the State Supreme Court of Pernambuco, Brazil. Participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and focus group with 17 subjects were the techniques for data collection, analyzed through the interpretation of meanings, allowing the identification of the category "The Judiciary as the ultimate level" and the following subcategories: "The public policies to prevent violence" and "The structure and dynamics of Courts". This study allows the visualization of the Judiciary's limitations with regard to the full protection and absolute priority, and that the work along with the victims demands investments in structure and human resources.
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Este estudo, de natureza exploratória descritiva, buscou compreender as representações do corpo em adolescentes, do nono ano de escolaridade em Portugal em ambos os gêneros. Entrevistas foram gravadas, recorrendo-se à técnica de análise de conteúdo. Utilizou-se o programa informático NVivo para tratar os dados. Como resultado, verificamos que a herança cartesiana, concebe o corpo como extensão da mente. A representação feminina valoriza o estético, enquanto o corpo é instrumento e a saúde como valor, é representado pelo gênero masculino como forma de se estar no mundo. No lazer surge o movimento pelo movimento e de novo surge o convívio como valor. A comunicação social influência o sentido crítico de cada um. A anorexia nervosa é representada por questões socioculturais e os alunos não reconhecem a aluna diagnosticada com a patologia, no contexto escolar.
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Este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar as representações sociais que a imprensa de circulação nacional faz dos Sertões do Nordeste nas reportagens de alcance nacional. A pesquisa está fundamentada na teoria das Representações Sociais, imagem fotográfica e jornalismo. Trata-se de um estudo de caso que analisa as imagens fotográficas disponíveis pela agência Globo e o jornal O Globo em seu portal online de notícias. São analisadas as temáticas, títulos e subtítulos de todas as fotografias disponíveis no site, correspondentes ao tema Sertão no período de 2003 a 2010. O estudo evidenciou que as imagens denotam uma representação do Sertão como local de isolamento, de seca, miséria, sem acesso a tecnologia, a saneamento, com sistema precário de transporte e rudimentares práticas agrícolas.
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O objetivo do estudo foi identificar as representações sociais sobre qualidade de vida construídas por idosos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória com uma amostra de 240 idosos, de ambos os sexos. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se o Teste da Associação Livre de Palavras utilizando o estímulo indutor "qualidade de vida" e as variáveis sociodemográficas. As entrevistas foram analisadas com o apoio do software Alceste. Dos 240 idosos estudados, 167 eram do sexo feminino, a faixa etária dominante foi de 60 a 69 anos, renda entre dois e três salários, maioria casado e a religião predominante a católica. Os resultados do Alceste apontam sete classes hierárquicas, foram representados por: acessibilidade, trabalho, atividade, apoio, afetividade, cuidado e interações. Considera-se que as representações sociais dos idosos sobre qualidade de vida possam subsidiar os profissionais na compreensão da adesão de práticas preventivas para os idosos e no fortalecimento da consolidação da política dirigida a esse grupo populacional.
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Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo general develar las representaciones sociales sobre la Medicina Popular en tres grupos poblacionales, pacientes oncológicos (n=100), familiares de los pacientes (n=25) y miembros del equipo de salud (n=26). Para ello, se realizaron tres estudios cualitativos con cada grupo poblacional y un cuarto en el que se describen las similitudes y las diferencias entre ellos en relación con el objeto de representación. En general, se utilizaron entrevistas en profundidad, ejercicios de asociaciones libres y grupos focales (7 con 62 pacientes). Resultados: paciente oncológico: Medicina Popular representada como una salida optimista a la angustiante situación que está viviendo frente al cáncer; una apuesta a la vida. Para la familia: una contra capaz de mantener con vida y fortaleza al paciente y para el equipo de salud, una realidad incombatible de los pacientes y de la familia, que tiene efecto placebo sobre ellos y que está relacionada con el pensamiento mágico religioso, la fé y la ignorancia de quienes la realizan. En cuanto a las diferencias, el paciente y la familia consideran que la Medicina Popular es una alternativa en la que depositan su fé y confianza; el personal de salud no cree en sus efectos sobre el cáncer y la considera como estafa y engaño para el paciente. En las similitudes, todos coinciden en que es una alternativa, generadora de esperanza, basada en compuestos naturales que le permiten al paciente contribuir a la curación del cáncer y a sobrellevar el malestar provocado por la quimioterapia. Finalmente, se presentan conclusiones generales, se discuten algunos de los hallazgos y la importancia de las RS de la Medicina Popular y su impacto sobre la atención y la calidad de vida del paciente y se plantean algunos interrogantes que podrían favorecer el desarrollo de una línea de investigación en el tema.
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This work seeks to understand what kind of impact educational policies have had on the secondary school students among internally displaced persons (IDPs) and their identity reconstruction in Georgia. The study offers a snapshot of the current situation based on desk study and interviews conducted among a sample of secondary school IDP pupils. In the final chapter, the findings will be reflected against the broader political context in Georgia and beyond. The study is interdisciplinary and its methodology is based on social identity theory. I shall compare two groups of IDPs who were displaced as a result of two separate conflicts. The IDPs displaced as a result of conflict in Abkhazia in 1992–1994 are named as old caseload IDPs. The second group of IDPs were displaced after a conflict in South Ossetia in 2008. Additionally, I shall touch upon the situation of the pupils among the returnees, a group of Georgian old caseload IDPs, who have spontaneously returned to de facto Abkhazia. According to the interviews, the secondary school student IDPs identify themselves strongly with the Georgian state, but their group identities are less prevailing. Particularly the old case load IDP students are fully integrated in local communities. Moreover, there seems not to be any tangible bond between the old and new caseload IDP students. The schools have neither tried nor managed to preserve IDP identities which would, for instance, make political mobilisation likely along these lines. Right to education is a human right enshrined in a number of international conventions to which the IDPs are also entitled. Access to education or its denial has a deep impact on individual and societal development. Furthermore, education has a major role in (re)constructing personal as well as national identity.
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Using survey methodology, a cross sectional study was undertaken to ascertain whether first and fourth year college women have different perceptions and behavior associated with short term mating preferences. It was hypothesized that after incurring significant negative or costly experiences associated with hooking up, fourth year women would prefer men who had qualities associated with a desired long term partner as opposed to characteristics associated with short term mating partners. The results were partially consistent with the hypothesis. Reported preferences in a desired partner and perspective on hooking up differ between first and fourth year groups. No difference was found between frequency and willingness to hookup between the two groups. The findings are explained in terms of evolutionary theory, social exchange theory, and sexual script concepts.
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Using survey methodology, a cross sectional study was undertaken to ascertain whether first and fourth year college women have different perceptions and behavior associated with short term mating preferences. It was hypothesized that after incurring significant negative or costly experiences associated with hooking up, fourth year women would prefer men who had qualities associated with a desired long term partner as opposed to characteristics associated with short term mating partners. The results were partially consistent with the hypothesis. Reported preferences in a desired partner and perspective on hooking up differ between first and fourth year groups. No difference was found between frequency and willingness to hookup between the two groups. The findings are explained in terms of evolutionary theory, social exchange theory, and sexual script concepts.
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In an increasingly interconnected world characterized by the accelerating interplay of cultural, linguistic, and national difference, the ability to negotiate that difference in an equitable and ethical manner is a crucial skill for both individuals and larger social groups. This dissertation, Writing Center Handbooks and Travel Guidebooks: Redesigning Instructional Texts for Multicultural, Multilingual, and Multinational Contexts, considers how instructional texts that ostensibly support the negotiation of difference (i.e., accepting and learning from difference) actually promote the management of difference (i.e., rejecting, assimilating, and erasing difference). As a corrective to this focus on managing difference, chapter two constructs a theoretical framework that facilitates the redesign of handbooks, guidebooks, and similar instructional texts. This framework centers on reflexive design practices and is informed by literacy theory (Gee; New London Group; Street), social learning theory (Wenger), globalization theory (Nederveen Pieterse), and composition theory (Canagarajah; Horner and Trimbur; Lu; Matsuda; Pratt). By implementing reflexive design practices in the redesign of instructional texts, this dissertation argues that instructional texts can promote the negotiation of difference and a multicultural/multilingual sensibility that accounts for twenty-first century linguistic and cultural realities. Informed by the theoretical framework of chapter two, chapters three and four conduct a rhetorical analysis of two forms of instructional text that are representative of the larger genre: writing center coach handbooks and travel guidebooks to Hong Kong. This rhetorical analysis reveals how both forms of text employ rhetorical strategies that uphold dominant monolingual and monocultural assumptions. Alternative rhetorical strategies are then proposed that can be used to redesign these two forms of instructional texts in a manner that aligns with multicultural and multilingual assumptions. These chapters draw on the work of scholars in Writing Center Studies (Boquet and Lerner; Carino; DiPardo; Grimm; North; Severino) and Technical Communication (Barton and Barton; Dilger; Johnson; Kimball; Slack), respectively. Chapter five explores how the redesign of coach handbooks and travel guidebooks proposed in this dissertation can be conceptualized as a political act. Ultimately, this dissertation argues that instructional texts are powerful heuristic tools that can enact social change if they are redesigned to foster the negotiation of difference and to promote multicultural/multilingual world views.