"A Escrita Negra de Vergílio Ferreira"

A ESCRITA NEGRA de VERGÍLIO FERREIRA Maria Antónia Lima Universidade de Évora/ CEAUL Num tempo de crise existencial justificada pela permanente inquietação dos indivíduos perante um destino incerto, inseguro e imprevisível, gerador de constantes sintomas de desorientação e de vazio antropológico, surge decerto uma profunda identificação com a obra de Vergílio Ferreira, um autor que confessou não ter nascido para “escrever coisas alegres”, sendo o seu romance Para Sempre considerado um livro pessimista, negro e macabro. Títulos como Onde tudo foi morrendo revelam bem esta falta de vocação do autor para o optimismo literário, essencialmente resultante de Vergílio ter desde sempre sentido trazer dentro de si um “eu” que “é para morrer”, o que lhe concedeu profunda consciência do absurdo negro da existência e dessa “estúpida inverosimilhança da morte”. Daí que a sua análise da condição do homem em face do mistério da vida e da morte inevitavelmente se desenvolva através de uma escrita negra que recria a solidão cósmica com que grande parte dos seus duplos-narradores se debatem, partilhando uma visão negra também comum a muitos protagonistas do film noir americano alicerçado na ficção policial de autores como Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler e James M. Cain. Como Vergílio, esta geração de escritores e realizadores, além de partilharem o mesmo interesse pela construção da narrativa cinematográfica e pela mútua contaminação entre literatura e cinema, buscavam a autenticidade das suas personagens através da construção de dramas inteligentes permeados de niilismo e fatalismo onde seres solitários e moralmente ambíguos deambulavam, revelando corrupções sociais e humanitárias tão comuns ao nosso tempo. Como Humphrey Bogart, um dos actores americanos mais conotados com o noir, qualquer personagem central de Vergílio Ferreira poderia muito bem ter concluído que “things are never so bad they can’t be made worse”.

Incidente em Antares e O cão e Os caluandas : Literatura brasileira e angolana na perspectiva da sátira menipeia

Esta pesquisa estuda Incidente em Antares, de Erico Veríssimo, e O cão e os caluandas, de Pepetela, na perspectiva da sátira menipeia. Para além da biografia dos autores, busca-se discutir as origens do gênero da menipeia, recuperando o seu mais importante representante - Luciano de Samósata. É, porém, sob a teoria de Mikhail Bakhtin que se analisam as obras dos escritores brasileiro e angolano. Quer-se verificar a presença de específicas características da sátira menipeia, as quais são o carnaval e o riso ritual, a paródia, a liberdade imaginativa, o fantástico e seus desdobramentos, as cenas excêntricas, os contrastes, a polifonia, a utilização de gêneros intercalados e a chamada publiscística atualizada. No último capítulo há uma observação sociológica das obras, o que permite pensá-las como um retrato das sociedades a que os autores se referem. ABSTRACT: This research studies Incidente em Antares, by Erico Veríssimo, and O cão e os caluandas, by Pepetela, in the perspective of the menippean sati.re. Besides de authors' biography, it tries to discuss the origin of the genre, recovering its most important representative - Luciano de Samosata. However, the search analyses the works of the Brazilian and Angolan writers upon the theory of Mikhail Bakhtin. lt intends to verify the presence of the specific characteristics of the menippean satire, which are: carnival and the ritual Iaughting, parody, imaginative freedom, the fantastic and its unfolding, eccentric scenes, contrasts, polyphony, intercalary genres and the up-to-date publiscistic. ln the last chapter there is a sociologic observation concerning the works, which allow thinking about them as a portrait of the societies that the authors want to discuss.

FROM DREAM TO NIGHTMARE: DEATH WITH INTERRUPTIONS

The speech of romance, Death With Interruptions, play with the serious and the comic describing life, replete of conventions, of ten million habitants at an unnamed country. The characters are destituted of personal identity and assume collective identities. The artistic text shows itself fulfilled by a stubborn critic that denounces revolt, forged by the sensation of disaggregation and loss of values and the verification of a picture of misery, injustice and inconsequence, that results from a greedy run of interests. The narrator uses irony to personal and collective attitudes, the unused situations and the very idea of death and god. The text shows itself full of denounces, related to the general state of disaggregation. Split in two cores (the momentary interruption of death activities and the return to hers works), the narrative speech establish a reality, pervade by fantastic, that forces us to a metaphysics reflection about the insoluble enigmas that surrounds the human existence. Death suffers a humanization process, as a tentative to bring her closer to the human kind, to her exact place. Keywords: romance; death; identities.

A FICÇÃO E A REALIDADE: A IMAGEM DA POLÍCIA NA LITERATURA DOS PRIMEIROS ANOS DA REPÚBLICA BRASILEIRA (1889-1910)

No presente artigo apresento resultados iniciais da pesquisa A imagem da polícia na literatura brasileira, na qual identifico e examino as imagens desta instituição elaboradas por escritores brasileiros em três momentos da história: os primeiros anos da república brasileira (1889-1910), a Era Vargas (1935-1945) e os anos de chumbo da ditadura civil-militar brasileira chegando até a abertura política (1969-1985). As imagens que compõem a primeira fase da pesquisa foram extraídas de obras de Machadode Assis, Aluízio de Azevedo, Lima Barreto e Jõao do Rio e foram publicadas nos anos em que tanto havia uma reforma política no Brasil (a passagem do sistema monárquico para o republicano), quanto estava em curso uma tentativa de reforma da instituição policial, tendo em vista a inserção de aspectos ditos mais científicos de investigação e de punição. O levantamento e a análise dos textos permite aquilatar as críticas feitas pelos escritores da época ao literaturizarem uma instituição problemática porque era eivada de preconceitos, atrasos e resistente a inovações. Além disso, aspectos ainda hoje presentes na crítica à polícia, tais como a violência desproporcional e a corrupção, comparecem na literatura produzida no período e possibilitam uma compreensão mais ampla da realidade policial desde o ponto de vista da arte literária.

READER’S ROLE AND THE LITERARY GENRE IN TEXTUAL RECEPTION: TZVETAN TODOROV AND VINCENT JOUVE CONTRIBUITIONS

Regarding the importance the reader takes on in studies about reading and literary genres, this paper presents reflections about the reader’s role in the constitution of the literary genres as esthetics conventions which the writer dialogues, as well as, about the literary genres theory issues, important to literary analysis, and allow to an useful understanding, and consequently, the esthetical experience in reading literary texts. This paper focuses particularly, in a reflection about the reading concepts and esthetical conventions of the fantastic genre, from the theoretical assumptions of Tzvetan Torodov and Vincent Jouve. From reflections developed related to reception theories, about the reading processing and the reader’s contribution in the creation of the fantastic genre, was possible propose an approach and establish analogies between the referential from de Todorov and Jouve Both authors recognize the importance of the reader’s role to the literary text completeness and suggest the text to present features and conventions, as textual strategies of stylistic, linguistic and formal order which conduct the reader to the achievement of the text meanings.

THE PROTAGONISM OF THE METAFICTION IN BUFO & SPALLANZANI: AN ANALYSIS OF THE FIGURE OF THE NARRATOR

This article aims to analyze the book Bufo & Spallanzani (1985), of the Brazilian writer Ruben Fonseca, in order to observe how it approaches and/or departs from some characteristics attributed to the Detective Novel, particularly in light of Tzvetan Todorov's theory. For that, this reading turns to the study of the multifaceted figure of the narrator, who is, at the same time, writer and murderer. Therefore, it aims to clarify what are the implications, aesthetic and/or otherwise, of the voice given to the killer-writer, as well as what is the role of the detective in the condiction of a secondary character.

The fantastic in Erico Verissimo: analysis of the short story “Sonata”

Based on the fantastic narrative, this paper aims to present an analysis of the short story “Sonata”, from Erico Verissimo, which is part of his work Fantoches e outros contos, originally published in 1932. This is the first book published by this author, the only one of his own composed just by short stories. For the purpose of this paper, first of all, it is clarified the concept of fantastic narrative, according to the understanding of some authors – as Todorov (1979), Rodrigues (1988) and Calvino (2004) –, and, furthermore, it is briefly discussed the concepts of strange and marvelous, which contributes to the definition of fantastic. It is also mentioned aspects related to the emergence of fantastic and the reasons of its existence. To verify this element in the narrative, it is required a strange or supernatural event and, also, the hesitation of the reader and of a character. Besides, this kind of narrative involves a certain way of interpretation – the way that the reader faces the events presented by the story contributes to support the fantastic. After these considerations, it is presented a thorough analysis of the short story “Sonata”, which has music as a guide and presents the point of view of its main character, who is not named. That is the story of a young piano teacher that, in the context of World War II, moved by the desire of escaping from reality, gets immerse in old newspapers. In his reading, he finds out an ad from 1912, the year he was born, which requests the services of a piano teacher. From that moment on, a journey to the past starts, and, then, it is possible to verify the presence of several elements that point to the fantastic and allow the reader to experience the hesitation, such as the theory here in use indicates.

The productions of sense about “índia” tattoo

The present proposal aims at to reflect, in the scope of the Discourse Analysis (AD) of Pêcheux tradition, about differents interpretations of the “índia” tattoo. More accurately, we treat of the two dissimilar interpretations: the first one was presented by “Cartilha de Orientação Policial – Tatuagens: Desvendando Segredos” (2011), produced by the Military Policy of Bahia State that brings to its readers the direction attributed to some tattoos; and the second, it is that we do, from a semi-structured oral interview realized with a citizen who has the “índia” tattoo materialized on his body and that does not know about the Cartilha. We clarify beforehand, that we conceive a tattoo as a text that produce discourses. Made this registration, we point out that in this study we understand there are two distinct instances, that produce and mobilize directions that are also affected by the distinct imaginary. Thus, our objective is to oppose the predetermined direction by the Cartilha with the one that we could produce from the analysis of the interview of the tattooed citizen about his tattoo. From lectures and other works realized by us, we understand that the tattoo means and that the senses are not only in drawing, but beyond it. In this perspective, we call attention to the fact that as the words are not endowed with a sense a priori, as proposed by the pecheuxtiano legacy, as the tattoos that process the meaning production also do not let us predetermine senses in authoritarian form. In reading/interpretation of a tattoo, multiple interpretations can be produced, depending on the memory effects that are mobilized at the moment. New interpretations can be projected and this discursive work of attribution of directions is one that can influence the reader society in (pre)concepts about the tattooed citizen and/or with the tattoo that he carries in his body.

"Pirlimpsiquice": Um Extraordinário Faz-De-Conta

O presente artigo problematiza por meio da análise a intervenção do fantástico no conto “Pirlimpsiquice”, que integra a obra Primeiras estórias, de João Guimarães Rosa. Ao centralizar o episódio extraordinário da realização de uma peça teatral por um grupo de meninos de um Colégio de padres, a narrativa tematiza a palavra infantil como elemento transformador da realidade. A partir de proposições de Chaves (1978), Rosset (1998), Mello (2000), Jenny (1979) e Nitrini (2000), a discussão aborda o estabelecimento do duplo e a intertertextualidade no universo narrado, como recursos para a concretização do fantástico. A investigação indica que, no conto em análise, o faz-de-conta infantil funde-se ao faz-de-conta teatral e a representação assume o lugar do representado, estabelecendo uma tensão entre o imaginado e o real. Por sua condição imprevisível e inacabada, a nova realidade instaurada pela palavra infantil coincide com o viver verdadeiro, revelando o “transviver” protagonizado pelas personagens.