Dos pombos descoordenados às rãs sem rumo: o ensino do encéfalo através dos manuais escolares de Ciências Naturais (1900-1950)

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é mostrar como o encéfalo foi abordado nos programas e manuais de Ciências Naturais publicados na primeira metade do século XX. Para tal, utilizou-se um método de caráter qualitativo assente no conceito de transposição didática de Chevallard. O conteúdo programático mostrou que o estudo do encéfalo foi sempre associado ao estudo do sistema nervoso. A descrição neuroanatómica e fisiológica do encéfalo nos manuais organizou-se em torno do bolbo raquidiano, cerebelo e cérebro. Os manuais publicados nas primeiras duas décadas do século XX (Aires, 1906, 1920) foram mais exaustivos na abordagem a esses órgãos do que os publicados entre as décadas de 30 e 50 (Primo, 1939; Soeiro, 1930, 1950; Lima & Soeiro,1950). A sua análise mostrou que a transposição didática do conhecimento científico sobre o encéfalo baseou-se na neuroanatomia, e menos na neurofisiologia, o que é revelador do avanço do conhecimento neuroanatómico deste órgão em comparação com a compreensão do seu funcionamento. Todos os autores ilustraram as funções dos órgãos que constituem o encéfalo através de observações e experiências realizadas em animais, como os pombos e as rãs.

Atividades promotoras de pensamento crítico em aulas de ciências naturais no 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

promoção de capacidades de pensamento crítico é essencial para existir uma verdadeira apropriação dos conhecimentos, pois a sua utilização permite aos alunos contactarem com a informação de um modo mais profundo. Dotar os alunos de pensamento crítico constitui-se como fundamental não só devido à utilização de conhecimento científico, mas também pelo exercício de uma cidadania responsável, por ser a base para o questionamento dos argumentos que nos são apresentados. Assim, o pensamento crítico pode ser considerado essencial, para a aprendizagem nas diferentes áreas curriculares e para o exercício de uma cidadania responsável dos alunos. Esta investigação sobre a própria prática profissional teve como objetivos verificar se a utilização de atividades e estratégias construídas com o intuito de desenvolver o pensamento crítico contribuem efetivamente para o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico de alunos no 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico nas aulas de Ciências Naturais e conhecer a opinião da docente titular da turma envolvida no estudo e dos seus alunos relativamente a esta experiência de ensino centrada em atividades promotoras do desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico. Para este efeito, foram implementadas três atividades do tipo prático-experimental e uma atividade prática de resolução de problemas. Constatou-se que os alunos conseguiram atingir algumas das capacidades de pensamento crítico propostas, verificando-se uma evolução no desenvolvimento das suas capacidades de pensamento crítico.

Medicamentos naturais: um novo desafio para o farmacêutico

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz

Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Ciências Naturais.

Second ser., v. 1-10 also called v. 16-25.

Damping energy dissipation at support interfaces of square plates

"Materials Laboratory, Contract no. AF33(616)-5426, Project no. 7360."

Damping energy dissipated by interfaces in beam and plate supports and in sandwich cores.

"Materials Laboratory, Contract no. AF 33(616)-5426, Project no. 7360."

The effect of configurational additions using viscoelastic interfaces on the damping of a cantilever beam.

"Materials Laboratory, Contract no. AF 33(6169-5449, Project no. 7360."

Non-invasive Detection of Cortical Control Signals for Brain-Computer Interfaces

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-05

The effects of J-gate potential and interfaces on donor exchange coupling in the Kane quantum computer architecture

We calculate the electron exchange coupling for a phosphorus donor pair in silicon perturbed by a J-gate potential and the boundary effects of the silicon host geometry. In addition to the electron-electron exchange interaction we also calculate the contact hyperfine interaction between the donor nucleus and electron as a function of the varying experimental conditions. Donor separation, depth of the P nuclei below the silicon oxide layer and J-gate voltage become decisive factors in determining the strength of both the exchange coupling and hyperfine interaction-both crucial components for qubit operations in the Kane quantum computer. These calculations were performed using an anisotropic effective-mass Hamiltonian approach. The behaviour of the donor exchange coupling as a function of the parameters varied in this work provides relevant information for the experimental design of these devices.

Interfaces between cardiovascular and kidney disease among Aboriginal Australians

Rates of kidney disease among several indigenous groups have been shown to be substantially higher than corresponding non-indigenous groups. This excess has been clearly shown among Aboriginal Australians with respect to both end-stage kidney disease and early kidney disease. Rates of cardiovascular disease among Aboriginal Australians are also very high, as are rates of diabetes, smoking, and possibly overweight and obesity. These factors have been traditionally linked with cardiovascular and renal disease as part of a broader metabolic syndrome. However, the links and interfaces between cardiovascular and kidney disease in this environment extend beyond these traditional factors. The factors associated with atherosclerosis have expanded in recent years to include markers of inflammation, some infection, antioxidants, and other non-traditional risk factors. Given the high rates of acute infection and poor living conditions endured by many indigenous people, one might expect these non-traditional risk factors to be highly prevalent. In this review, we explore the relationships between markers of inflammation, some serological markers of infection, and other selected markers and both cardiovascular and renal disease. In doing so, we demonstrate links between kidney and cardiovascular disease at a number of levels, beyond the traditional cardiovascular/renal risk factors. Many of these factors are beyond the control of the individual or even community; addressing these issues a broader focus and biopsychosocial model. (C) 2005 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.

Biomolecular engineering at interfaces

A broad review of technologically focused work concerning biomolecules at interfaces is presented. The emphasis is on developments in interfacial biomolecular engineering that may have a practical impact in bioanalysis, tissue engineering, emulsion processing or bioseparations. We also review methods for fabrication in an attempt to draw out those approaches that may be useful for product manufacture, and briefly review methods for analysing the resulting interfacial nanostructures. From this review we conclude that the generation of knowledge and-innovation at the nanoscale far exceeds our ability to translate this innovation into practical outcomes addressing a market need, and that significant technological challenges exist. A particular challenge in this translation is to understand how the structural properties of biomolecules control the assembled architecture, which in turn defines product performance, and how this relationship is affected by the chosen manufacturing route. This structure-architecture-process-performance (SAPP) interaction problem is the familiar laboratory scale-up challenge in disguise. A further challenge will be to interpret biomolecular self- and directed-assembly reactions using tools of chemical reaction engineering, enabling rigorous manufacturing optimization of self-assembly laboratory techniques. We conclude that many of the technological problems facing this field are addressable using tools of modem chemical and biomolecular engineering, in conjunction with knowledge and skills from the underpinning sciences. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Theoretical interfaces in the acute paediatric context: A psychotherapeutic understanding of the application of infant-directed singing

Psychotherapy literature provides a theoretical understanding of parent-infant attachment. This article will reflect upon the specific need to give thoughtful consideration to those infants admitted to the acute-care setting, such as neonatal and paediatric intensive care units, and the potential for this environment to affect infant development and the parent-infant relationship. Infant-directed singing, as described in this article, is an improvised form of vocal interaction that is specifically informed by an understanding of the musical parameters of pitch, rhythm, phrasing, timbre, register, dynamic, tempo and silence. This article will detail a theoretical understanding of using infant-directed singing to foster parent-infant interaction within the acute care environment. In particular, the potentially sensitive, reciprocal and engaging nature of infant-directed singing, coupled with its ability to promote and support maternal demonstrations of empathy, will be discussed with a view to the psychological and physical development of the hospitalised infant.

Influence of imperfect interfaces on bending and vibration of laminated composite shells

This paper is devoted to modeling elastic behavior of laminated composite shells, with special emphasis on incorporating interfacial imperfection. The conditions of imposing traction continuity and displacement jump across each interface are used to model imperfect interfaces. Vanishing transverse shear stresses on two free surfaces of a shell eliminate the need for shear correction factors. A linear theory underlying elastostatics and kinetics of laminated composite shells in a general configuration is presented from Hamilton's principle. In the special case of vanishing interfacial parameters, this theory reduces to the conventional third-order zigzag theory for perfectly bonded laminated shells. Numerical results for bending and vibration problems of laminated circular cylindrical panels are tabulated and plotted to indicate the influence of the interfacial imperfection. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.