O gênero copaifera L.

This review details the history, chemistry and pharmacology of the Copaifera L. genus (Leguminosae - Caesalpinoideae), including copaiba oils.

Plantas do gênero Bauhinia: composição química e potencial farmacológico

Plants of the genus Bauhinia (Leguminosae) are widely distributed in most tropical countries and have been frequently used in folk medicine to treat several ailments, especially diabetes. In recent years, the interest in these plants has increased considerably in all world. This review shows the main chemical and pharmacological aspects of these plants. The studies carried out with the extracts and purified compounds from these plants support most of their reported therapeutic properties. It also gives an account of some compounds including terpenes, steroids and flavonoids that were isolated from the genus Bauhinia.

Ocorrência de flavonas, flavonóis e seus glicosídeos em espécies do gênero Solanum (Solanaceae)

During the last decades several flavonoids of Solanum species have been isolated. This review describes the flavones, flavonols and their glycosides presently known as constituents of Solanum species.

Gênero Baccharis (Asteraceae): aspectos químicos, econômicos e biológicos

The Baccharis genus is represented by more than 500 species distributed mainly in the tropical areas of South America. Many of them are extensively used in folk medicine in the treatment or prevention of anemias, inflammations, diabetes and stomach, liver and prostate diseases. Phytochemical and biological investigations in about 120 species resulted mainly in the isolation of clerodane and labdane diterpenes and flavonoid aglicones with the flavone unit being the most frequent.

Ex-presó. Compromiso social y creación artística desde los estudios de género

La docencia universitaria de los Estudios de Género aplicados a la creación artística ejerce un estímulo del compromiso social. Analizo el proyecto Ex-presó creado a partir de la antigua cárcel de mujeres de les Corts (Barcelona, 1936-1955), lugar actualmente ocupado por unos grandes almacenes. Mediante los códigos Quick Response (QR) el proyecto tiene su eje de acción en un blog donde se centraliza la información histórica. Se construye un memorial en el que, por un instante, todos podamos trasladarnos al pasado para entender y conocer un poco más de nuestra historia y de nuestra realidad. El objetivo es evidenciar lo que no está para evitar el olvido. Mediante esta práctica se cuestiona lo establecido, se incentiva el compromiso social e interactúa con la práctica artística desde la formación universitaria.

Patrícia Melo. Novela de favela y novela criminal. Género(s)

El artículo se propone reflexionar sobre dos cuestiones: ¿la «novela de favela» es novela criminal? y ¿es posible detectar aspectos de género en las «novelas de favela» de Patrícia Melo? En nuestra opinión, la «novela de favela» es literatura de la violencia, para ser más exactos de la representación de la violencia, pero, aunque a veces la frontera sea muy tenue, no responde a los paradigmas de la novela criminal. Por otra parte, y a partir del análisis de la construcción de los personajes Máiquel y Reizinho (O Matador e Inferno), creemos que sí es posible afirmar un sesgo de género en los textos de Patrícia Melo.

Atividades larvicida e anticolinesterásica de plantas do gênero Kalanchoe

Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors are successfully used to treat the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Extracts of three Kalanchoe species (K. brasiliensis, K. pinnata and K. gastonis-bornieri) showed acetylcholine esterase inhibitory effects and a toxic effect on Aedes aegypti larvae. Here we describe the bioassay guided fractionation of extracts of the most active extracts (K. brasiliensis) which resulted in the isolation of an active mixture of three flavonoids: 8-methoxyquercetin, 3,7-di-O-rhamnopyranoside and 8-methoxykaempferol-3,7-di-O-rhamnopyranoside. On TLC these flavonoids showed an acetylcholine esterase inhibitory effect.

Gênero Calophyllum: importância química e farmacológica

The Calophyllum genus (Clusiaceae) is composed of about 200 species, with a pantropical distribution. Some species are medicinal and are used against several diseases, including gastric ulcers, infectious pathologies, painful, inflammatory processes and as molluscicidal. A search in the literature regarding the chemical and biological aspects of these plants indicates cytotoxic activity against several cell lines, inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, antisecretory and cytoprotective properties, antinociceptive, molluscicidal and antimicrobial effects, among others, related particularly to the presence of coumarins, xanthones, flavonoids, and triterpenes.

Alcalóides pirrolizidínicos em espécies do gênero Senecio

Senecio species contain a large variety of secondary metabolites and many of these plants afford pyrrolizidine alkaloids. This paper is a review of the literature, describing 62 pyrrolizidine alkaloids already isolated in 62 of more than 2000 species of Senecio, distributed worldwide. The structure-activity relationships involving their toxicity are also discussed, since some Senecio species used for medicinal purposes are responsible for causing serious adverse effects.

Aspectos químicos, biológicos e etnofarmacológicos do gênero Cassia

Species of Cassia are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world, and have been extensively investigated chemically and pharmacologically.They are known to be a rich source of phenolic derivatives, most of them with important biological and pharmacological properties. Some Asian, African and Indian tribes use these species as a laxative, purgative, antimicrobial, antipyretic, antiviral and anti-inflammatory agent. Among a number of other classes of secondary metabolites, such as anthracene derivatives, antraquinones, steroids and stilbenoids, biologically active piperidine alkaloids are an especially important bioactive class of compounds that showed to be restricted to a small group of Cassia species. In this paper we present an overview of the chemical, biological and ethnopharmacological data on Cassia piblished in the literature.

Decoloración de alginato de sodio extraído de las algas pardas marinas del género Sargassum con el uso de peróxido de hidrógeno

Hydrogen peroxide bleaching of sodium alginate from seaweeds oh the Sargassum genus was studied. The influence of H2O2 concentration (percentage of H2O2 on a dry weight alginate basis, w/w) and NaOH/H2O2 ratio (% NaOH/% H2O2, both referred to a dry weight alginate basis, w/w) on the molecular weight, color removal and content of Fe3+ ions of bleached alginate samples was investigated by UV and IR spectroscopies, colorimetric determination of Fe3+ ions and vapor pressure osmometry. Higher yield, purity and molecular weight of alginate were obtained using 3% (or less) of hydrogen peroxide and a NaOH/H2O2 ratio of 1.2 for bleaching.

Alcalóides aporfinóides do gênero Ocotea (Lauraceae)

During the last decades several aporphinoid alkaloids of the Ocotea species have been isolated. This review describes the occurrence of the fifty four aporphinoids in seventeen different species of Ocotea: thirty nine (39) aporphine sensu stricto, four (4) oxoaporphine, five (5) 6a,7-dehydroaporphine, one (1) didehydroaporphine, one (1) C-3-O-aporphine, one (1) C-4-O-aporphine, two (2) phenanthrene, one (1) proaporphine and their 13C NMR spectral data.

Alcalóides indólicos isolados de espécies do gênero Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae)

Species from genus Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae) are popularly employed to treat various diseases. This genus is characterized by the occurrence of indole alkaloids. Taking into account the various biological activities attributed to these alkaloids, the description of the chemical diversity in genus Aspidosperma is important. A review of simple carbolinic alkaloids isolated from species of various genera was published in 1979. In 1987, it was published another one dealing with the relationships between the chemical structures of the indole alkaloids and the evolution of Aspidosperma species. This work updates the information about the indole alkaloids isolated from Aspidosperma species.

La desigualdad en el consumo familiar. Diferencias de género en la España contemporánea (1850-1930)

In the last few years, Economic Theory has revised two basic ideas around the economics of the household: that family income is the result of the individual income of each of its members (income pooling), and that all family members living in the household have equal access to its resources. Unequal access to family resources (among women and men, on the one hand, and among the elderly, adults and children, on the other), is now understood as an input (for instance, that women eat less food and of worst quality than men), and as an output (for instance that women have poorer health, higher epidemic mortality, or are less tall than men as a result, among other things, of having received less food and poorer medical care, and/or of a heavier workload). Despite the fact that inequality in intra‐family consumption has become the center of attention in academic and international agencies, it can still not be found in the agenda of Economic History. In this paper we look at some of the resources consumed by Spanish families in the 19th century: food, alcoholic beverages, clothes and shoes. Medical topographies, our main source, suggest that unequal access to family resources among household members had a strong impact on their health and wellbeing.

Repensando la relación entre la ley y la violencia hacia las mujeres. Una aproximación a los discursos de los/las agentes del ámbito judicial en relación a la ley integral de violencia de género en España = Rethinking the relationship between law and violence against women. an approach to the juridical agents' discourses in relation to the integral law of gender-based violence

Of the many dimensions of the problem of violence exercised by men toward women in the context of the relations of partner or ex partner, this article deals with the analysis of the discursive productions of the institutional actors that are part of the judicial process. Our intention is to investigate the relationship between criminal law and gender-based violence starting from the implementation of the Law of Integral Gender-based Violence in Spain (LO. 1 / 2004) from a theoretical perspective which includes contributions from social psychology, and socio-legal feminism. We have approached the legal instrument - the Law of Integral Gender-based Violence - through the discourse of legal officers with a perspective that questions the values, so often proclaimed, of universality, objectivity and neutrality of the law