PERFORMANCE OF CONVENTIONAL PCRs BASED ON PRIMERS DIRECTED TO NUCLEAR AND MITOCHONDRIAL GENES FOR THE DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF Leishmania spp.

In visceral leishmaniasis, the detection of the agent is of paramount importance to identify reservoirs of infection. Here, we evaluated the diagnostic attributes of PCRs based on primers directed to cytochrome-B (cytB), cytochrome-oxidase-subunit II (coxII), cytochrome-C (cytC), and the minicircle-kDNA. Although PCRs directed to cytB, coxII, cytC were able to detect different species of Leishmania, and the nucleotide sequence of their amplicons allowed the unequivocal differentiation of species, the analytical and diagnostic sensitivity of these PCRs were much lower than the analytical and diagnostic sensitivity of the kDNA-PCR. Among the 73 seropositive animals, the asymptomatic dogs had spleen and bone marrow samples collected and tested; only two animals were positive by PCRs based on cytB, coxII, and cytC, whereas 18 were positive by the kDNA-PCR. Considering the kDNA-PCR results, six dogs had positive spleen and bone marrow samples, eight dogs had positive bone marrow results but negative results in spleen samples and, in four dogs, the reverse situation occurred. We concluded that PCRs based on cytB, coxII, and cytC can be useful tools to identify Leishmania species when used in combination with automated sequencing. The discordance between the results of the kDNA-PCR in bone marrow and spleen samples may indicate that conventional PCR lacks sensitivity for the detection of infected dogs. Thus, primers based on the kDNA should be preferred for the screening of infected dogs.

Logistics in the health sector

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

The international expansion strategy of Striyah in Poland

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Time series morphological analysis applied to biomedical signals events detection

Dissertation submitted in the fufillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master in Biomedical Engineering

Materials handling in hospitals: An analysis of how the storage and materials handling system can be improved, using the example of Hospital Santa Maria

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Inventory management for the health sector: ABC analysis approach

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Caracterização da aterosclerose sub-clínica e doença coronária em doentes com síndrome metabólica e diabetes mellitus

RESUMO- Introdução: A obesidade e a Síndrome Metabólica (SM) são atualmente um importante problema de saúde pública, com prevalências crescentes, que se acompanham também por aumento da prevalência de Diabetes Mellitus (DM).Estudos prévios demonstram associação destas entidades com o aumento de risco de eventos cardiovasculares, em particular a DM. A SM tem sido uma entidade muito debatida nos últimos anos, com aparecimento de diversas definições, contribuindo para resultados díspares no que diz respeito à influência da SM nas doenças cardiovasculares. Também têm sido descritas variações étnicas e regionais. Para além de alguns estudos epidemiológicos na população geral, a informação relativamente à sua influência na presença de doença cardiovascular é desconhecida em Portugal, em particular em populações com suspeita de doença coronária. Objetivos - Esclarecimento de questões relacionadas com a prevalência de SM e a sua influência na evolução de doença ateroclerótica arterial por avaliação de uma população com suspeita de doença coronária. População e Métodos - Estudo observacional, transversal, com inclusão prospetiva de indivíduos admitidos letivamente para realização de angiografia coronária por suspeita de doença coronária, tendo sido também efetuadas análises laboratoriais e ecografia carotidea para avaliação da espessura intima-média carotidea (EIMc) e da presença de placas carotídeas. Efetuou-se avaliação dos parâmetros demográficos, antropométricos, determinação do perfil lipídico, glicémia e insulinémia. Os exames angiográficos foram analisados por análise quantitativa semi-automática. Foram excluídos indivíduos com antecedentes conhecidos de doença cardíaca. Resultados - Incluíram-se 300 doentes, com idade média de 64 ± 9 anos, 59% do género masculino. A prevalência de SM de acordo com a definição da AHA/NHLBI foi 48,4% (ajustada para idade e género da população portuguesa) e a prevalência de DM foi 14,8% (ajustada). A concordância global das três definições mais recentes de SM foi de apenas 43%. A prevalência de SM aumenta com a idade e é também mais elevada no género feminino. O componente mais frequente foi a hipertensão arterial, seguido pela obesidade abdominal, a elevação da glicémia e por fim as alterações dos triglicéridos e do colesterol HDL. Por outro lado, a presença de doença coronária significativa (lesões ≥50%) ocorreu em apenas 51,3% dos doentes, sendo ainda mais baixa no género feminino. Demonstrou-se também uma baixa capacidade preditiva para doença coronária dos testes não invasivos clássicos, em particular no género feminino. A prevalência de doença coronária significativa foi idêntica nos indivíduos com SM comparativamente com indivíduos sem alterações metabólicas (46,3% vs. 48,2%, respectivamente), sendo mais elevado nos diabéticos (65,2%). Os fatores predizentes independentes de doença coronária significativa foram a idade, o género masculino, a elevação da glicémia e dos triglicéridos. Pelo contrário, o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) mostrou uma associação protetora relativamente à presença de doença coronária. A SM não é fator predizente de doença coronária. Relativamente às dimensões dos vasos coronários, o IMC correlaciona-se positivamente e a glicémia / DM correlacionam-se negativamente. A EIMc aumenta com o aumento da idade e no género masculino. A EIMc foi intermédia nos doentes com SM (0,88 ± 0,31 mm) comparativamente com os doentes diabéticos (0,97 ± 0,34 mm) e os indivíduos “Normais” (0,85 ± 0,34 mm). Os fatores predizentes independentes de EIMc foram a idade, o género masculino, o colesterol HDL e a insulinémia. A EIMc permite predizer com uma acuidade moderada a presença de doença coronária significativa (AUC 0,638), em particular no género feminino, sendo um fator predizente independente de presença de doença coronária (OR 2,35, IC 95% 1,04-5,33. p=0,04). Apesar de não se correlacionar com o número de vasos coronários com doença, correlacionou-se com a gravidade da doença (pelo score de Gensini). A insulinémia e o índice HOMA aumentam diretamente com a idade e com o IMC, sendo contudo sobreponíveis em ambos os géneros. Os fatores predizentes de índice HOMA (resistência à insulina) foram o IMC, bem como os restantes componentes de SM, estando o índice HOMA relacionado com a presença de SM e o número dos seus componentes presentes. O limiar para resistência à insulina foi de 2,66 e para SM foi 2,41. Ao contrário das restantes definições de SM, a definição da AHA/NHLBI não é predizente da presença de DM no género masculino. A associação da resistência à insulina com doença coronária foi limiar (OR 1,13, IC 95% 1,00-1,28, p=0,045). Conclusões - Numa população com suspeita de doença coronária, a prevalência de SM é muito elevada (superior a 50%), sendo a prevalência de DM de 23%. Também a obesidade e o excesso de peso foram extremamente prevalentes nesta população. A concordância entre definições de SM é baixa. A hipertensão arterial e a obesidade abdominal são os componentes mais frequentes de SM, sendo menos prevalentes as alterações lipídicas. Pelo contrário, a presença de doença coronária significativa foi muito baixa, em particular nas mulheres. A SM não se associou à presença de doença coronária significativa, estando esta mais dependente das alterações do metabolismo glicídico e dos triglicéridos, bem como de outros fatores de risco não modificáveis, nomeadamente a idade e o género. A EIMc da carótida comum e a presença de placas carotídeas é mais elevada nos indivíduos diabéticos, estando também ligeiramente aumentada nos doentes com SM, sendo os fatores predizentes de EIMc apenas a idade, o género, a hiperinsulinémia bem como os níveis baixos de colesterol HDL. A utilização da avaliação da EIMc na estratificação de risco pré-angiografia coronária, poderá ser útil no género feminino. A hiperinsulinémia e o índice HOMA (índice de resistência à insulina), estão relacionados com o IMC e consequentemente com a presença de obesidade, embora também se correlacione de forma independente com os outros componentes de SM. A resistência à insulina associou-se à presença de SM. Relativamente à capacidade preditiva da coexistência com DM, verificou-se associação com a definição da NCEP-ATP III e da IDF, contudo, a definição da AHA/NHLBI só foi predizente de DMnas mulheres. -------------ABSTRACT - Introduction: Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (MS) are a major public health problem, with increasing prevalence, that follows the increase in diabetes prevalence. Previous studies showed an association of both entities with increased cardiovascular risk, particularly diabetes. MS has been debated in the last few years, with several definitions and different results when analysed the influence of MS on cardiovascular diseases. There are also some regional and ethnical variations. Beyond general population epidemiological studies, information about the influence on cardiovascular disease in Portugal is unknown, particularly in patients with suspected coronary disease. Objectives- To clarify several questions regarding the prevalence of MS and the influence in arterial atherosclerotic disease by evaluation of a population with suspected coronary artery disease. Population and Methods- Observational, cross-sectional study with prospective inclusion of individuals admitted electively for coronary angiography with suspicion of coronary artery disease. All individuals also performed laboratorial evaluation and carotid ultrasound to evaluate carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and carotid plaques. We also evaluated demographic, anthropometric parameters, lipid profile, blood glucose and blood insulin. Angiographic data was obtained by semi-automated quantitation. Individuals with previously known cardiac history were excluded from the study. Results- We included 300 individuals with a mean age of 64 ± 9 years, 59% males. MS prevalence according to AHA/NHLBI definition was 48.4% (adjusted for age and gender of the Portuguese population) and the adjusted prevalence of diabetes was 14.8%. Global agreement between the more recent three definitions of MS was only 43%. MS prevalence increases with age and is also higher in women. The most frequent components were hypertension and abdominal obesity, followed by elevated glucose and triglicerides and low HDL-cholesterol. Significant coronary artery disease (stenosis ≥50%) was present in only 51.3% of patients, being lower in females. Non-invasive tests also had a low predictive capacity, particularly in females. The prevalence of significant coronary disease was identical in patients with MS compared with normal metabolism individuals (46.3% vs. 48.2%, respectively), being higher in diabetics (65.2%). Independent predictive factors for coronary disease were age, male gender, high blood glucose and triglycerides. On the contrary, Body Mass Index (BMI) was a protective factor for coronary disease. MS wasn’t a predictor of coronary disease. BMI showed a positive correlation with coronary vessel diameter and glucose /diabetes had a negative correlation. CIMT increased with age and was higher in males. CIMT was intermediate in patients with MS (0.88 ± 0.31 mm) when compared to diabetic patients (0.97 ± 0.34 mm) and “Normal” individuals (0.85 ± 0.34 mm). Independent predictors for cIMT were age, male gender, HDL-cholesterol and insulin. CIMT had a moderate predictive accuracy for coronary disease (AUC 0,638), particularly in females and is an independent predictor of the presence of significant coronary disease (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.04-5.33. p=0.04). Although it did not correlate with the number of diseased coronary arteries, it correlated with coronary disease severity by the Gensini score. Insulin and HOMA index increase directly with age and BMI, but were identical in both genders. Predictive factors for HOMA index (insulin resistance) were BMI as well as the other MS components. HOMA index is related to MS and the number of its components. The cut-off for insulin resistance was 2.66 and for MS 2.41. Unlike other MS definitions, AHA/NHLBI definition is not a predictor of diabetes in males. There was a borderline association between insulin resistance and coronary disease (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.00-1.28, p=0.045). Conclusions - In a population of patients with suspected coronary disease, MS prevalence is extremely high (above 50%) with a diabetes prevalence of 23%. Also obesity and overweight are very prevalent in this population. Global agreement between MS definitions is however low. Hypertension and abdominal obesity are the most frequent components, with a lower prevalence of lipid abnormalities. Coronary disease prevalence was low, particularly in women. MS wasn’t associated with coronary disease. Coronary disease was related to glucose and triglycerides, as well as with other non-modifiable factors such as age and gender. CIMT and carotid plaques are increased in diabetic patients, and also slightly elevated in patients with MS, but cIMT independent predictors were age, male gender, insulin and HDLcholesterol. CIMT can be useful in risk stratification before coronary angiography particularly in women. Elevated insulin and HOMA index (an insulin resistance index) are related with BMI and consequently with obesity, and it was also correlated with other MS components. Insulin resistance was associated with MS. The presence of diabetes was associated with the presence of MS by NCEP-ATP III and IDF definitions; however, AHA/NHLBI definition was only predictive of diabetes in females.

Analysable software language translations

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Informática

Modelo ZeEN: uma abordagem minimalista para o desenho de data warehouses

Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estatística e Gestão de Informação

Ground truth determination for segmentation of tomographic volumes using interpolation

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Biomédica

Chagas' disease: an algorithm for donor screening and positive donor counseling

Classical serological screening assays for Chagas' disease are time consuming and subjective. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the enzyme immuno-assay (ELISA) methodology and to propose an algorithm for blood banks to be applied to Chagas' disease. Seven thousand, nine hundred and ninety nine blood donor samples were screened by both reverse passive hemagglutination (RPHA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Samples reactive on RPHA and/or IFA were submitted to supplementary RPHA, IFA and complement fixation (CFA) tests. This strategy allowed us to create a panel of 60 samples to evaluate the ELISA methodology from 3 different manufacturers. The sensitivity of the screening by IFA and the 3 different ELISA's was 100%. The specificity was better on ELISA methodology. For Chagas disease, ELISA seems to be the best test for blood donor screening, because it showed high sensitivity and specificity, it is not subjective and can be automated. Therefore, it was possible to propose an algorithm to screen samples and confirm donor results at the blood bank.

Robots and humans as co-workers? The human-centred perspective of work with autonomous systems

The design of work organisation systems with automated equipment is facing new challenges and the emergence of new concepts. The social aspects that are related with new concepts on the complex work environments (CWE) are becoming more relevant for that design. The work with autonomous systems implies options in the design of workplaces. Especially that happens in such complex environments. The concepts of “agents”, “co-working” or “human-centred technical systems” reveal new dimensions related to human-computer interaction (HCI). With an increase in the number and complexity of those human-technology interfaces, the capacities of human intervention can become limited, originating further problems. The case of robotics is used to exemplify the issues related with automation in working environments and the emergence of new HCI approaches that would include social implications. We conclude that studies on technology assessment of industrial robotics and autonomous agents on manufacturing environment should also focus on the human involvement strategies in organisations. A needed participatory strategy implies a new approach to workplaces design. This means that the research focus must be on the relation between technology and social dimensions not as separate entities, but integrated in the design of an interaction system.

Sentiment analysis on twitter for the portuguese language

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática

Sistema de business intelligence aplicado aos grupos de diagnóstico homogéneos

Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estatística e Gestão de Informação

Characterization of processed materials by electrical currents: development of equipment and applications

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica