851 resultados para World of Work


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Intelligent agents offer a new and exciting way of understanding the world of work. Agent-Based Simulation (ABS), one way of using intelligent agents, carries great potential for progressing our understanding of management practices and how they link to retail performance. We have developed simulation models based on research by a multi-disciplinary team of economists, work psychologists and computer scientists. We will discuss our experiences of implementing these concepts working with a well-known retail department store. There is no doubt that management practices are linked to the performance of an organisation (Reynolds et al., 2005; Wall & Wood, 2005). Best practices have been developed, but when it comes down to the actual application of these guidelines considerable ambiguity remains regarding their effectiveness within particular contexts (Siebers et al., forthcoming a). Most Operational Research (OR) methods can only be used as analysis tools once management practices have been implemented. Often they are not very useful for giving answers to speculative ‘what-if’ questions, particularly when one is interested in the development of the system over time rather than just the state of the system at a certain point in time. Simulation can be used to analyse the operation of dynamic and stochastic systems. ABS is particularly useful when complex interactions between system entities exist, such as autonomous decision making or negotiation. In an ABS model the researcher explicitly describes the decision process of simulated actors at the micro level. Structures emerge at the macro level as a result of the actions of the agents and their interactions with other agents and the environment. We will show how ABS experiments can deal with testing and optimising management practices such as training, empowerment or teamwork. Hence, questions such as “will staff setting their own break times improve performance?” can be investigated.

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Encaramos o currículo como um projeto em constante transformação, que tendo por referência o currículo nacional, é adequado ao seu públicoalvo, os alunos. No contexto de cada comunidade onde a escola está inserida, a definição das ofertas educativas/curriculares assume maior pertinência, podendo contemplar componentes locais e regionais do currículo, valorizando as caraterísticas de cada região e, sobretudo, engrandecer os talentos dos alunos, de acordo com as suas especificidades individuais. A reflexão, realizada em torno das dificuldades que muitos alunos têm em realizar as aprendizagens previstas no currículo oficial, deu origem a uma questão central: Que alternativa ao currículo regular no ensino básico? Na procura de respostas à questão, abordamos o nascimento da escola e conceitualização de currículo, a evolução da formação para o mundo do trabalho, a diversificação curricular e a autonomia da escola. O estudo empírico seguiu uma metodologia quantitativa e qualitativa, através de um estudo de caso e centrou-se: na análise documental do Projeto Educativo do Agrupamento; inquérito por questionário aos alunos do terceiro ciclo do ensino básico, regular e cursos vocacionais; inquérito por entrevistas semiestruturadas ao Presidente do Conselho Geral do Agrupamento, Diretora do Agrupamento, Coordenadoras de Departamento, Coordenador dos Cursos Vocacionais e representante no Conselho Pedagógico dos Serviços de Psicologia e Orientação. Expomos as conclusões da investigação através da triangulação dos dados obtidos com os instrumentos de recolha. Como resposta à questão inicial, apresentamos uma proposta alternativa ao currículo regular do ensino básico, que procura diversificar a oferta.

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This study was a critical investigation of the configuration of discourse on work in the Brazilian criminal legal discourse. We problematized the discourse of an alleged reintegrative social function proposed by the criminal legal system and analyzed the role of such discourse in the core of disciplinary power strategies that impose on individuals the honest worker condition as a major criterion for their rehabilitation and return to society as citizens. This critique is our starting point to build the argument that discourse on work as it appears in current criminal legal texts operates more as a criminalization index of those who do not have a lawful occupation than a guarantee of legitimate social transit for convicts and recognition of their dignity. For this purpose, we used as corpus the main sources of Law, namely the Federal Constitution of 1988, the Penal Code, the Penal Execution Law, the Brazilian criminal doctrine and an extensive, more recent penal jurisprudence with regard to techniques of resocialization through work. This critical line enabled us to recognize complexity and plurality of discourses - antagonistic, at times - that build the world of work as portrayed in legal texts. We also sought reference in the discussion on the centrality of work as a formative category of the social being as well as theories that defend the non-centrality of work. Throughout our investigation, we sough to question the very condition of such centrality and to understand the ways in which it was possible to produce a legitimating discourse on work as a model of emancipatory social conduct defended and demanded by the Brazilian punitive system. In a context of precariousness, unemployment and flexibilization of the world of work in contemporary society, convicts hardly ever succeed to resume the identity of honest, hard-working citizens - and no longer offenders. In this context, we also questioned the formulation of a discourse that speaks about human labor as the essence of man and criticizes the Marxist vision that is based on work centrality, and we approached the concept of Michel Foucault, our theoretician of reference, who understands work more as a mechanism of power that promotes the individuals’ submission and adaptation to a goods-producing society than the natural activity of man. We ascribe our study to the field of questions that tackle the political conception of the body as subject to labor imposed as productive and political force. It is about the issue of political technology of individuals, a technology of power, as named by the French author. The intended analysis has not dismissed the material existence of labor relations but sought to discuss the validity of a discourse that considers work the main resource for convict rehabilitation and index for the recognition of dignity and honesty. The Foucauldian discourse analysis was the foundation for the investigation of our object, especially if we understand discourses as social practices with power to institute knowledge and produce truths.

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Intelligent agents offer a new and exciting way of understanding the world of work. We apply agent-based simulation to investigate a set of problems in a retail context. Specifically, we are working to understand the relationship between human resource management practices and retail productivity. Our multi-disciplinary research team draws upon expertise from work psychologists and computer scientists. Our research so far has led us to conduct case study work with a top ten UK retailer. Based on our case study experience and data we are developing a simulator that can be used to investigate the impact of management practices (e.g. training, empowerment, teamwork) on customer satisfaction and retail productivity.

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A motivação é um tema que está ligado ao conceito organizacional, no entanto é importante perceber nos dias de hoje o que motiva os jovens a procurarem emprego. Sabendo o que motiva os jovens na procura de emprego poderá haver uma possibilidade de entendimento entre os jovens e as organizações. O principal objetivo deste estudo é identificar a motivação que está mais presente nos jovens de hoje para se candidatarem a um emprego, tendo em conta a escala “The Motivation at Work Scale”. A amostra desta pesquisa foram 164 estudantes, das várias áreas científicas da Universidade Europeia. Os dados foram recolhidos por um questionário que foi distribuído pelas várias turmas da universidade em sala de aula. Tendo em vista os resultados, constatou-se que todos os estudantes se encontram motivados para o mundo do trabalho. No entanto, tendo em conta as diversas dimensões da escala da motivação para o trabalho destacou-se que continua a prevalecer a motivação externa que está diretamente ligada aos bens materiais. Ainda assim, os valores são muito positivos nas outras dimensões da escala da motivação do trabalho.

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Multi-agent systems offer a new and exciting way of understanding the world of work. We apply agent-based modeling and simulation to investigate a set of problems in a retail context. Specifically, we are working to understand the relationship between people management practices on the shop-floor and retail performance. Despite the fact we are working within a relatively novel and complex domain, it is clear that using an agent-based approach offers great potential for improving organizational capabilities in the future. Our multi-disciplinary research team has worked closely with one of the UK’s top ten retailers to collect data and build an understanding of shop-floor operations and the key actors in a department (customers, staff, and managers). Based on this case study we have built and tested our first version of a retail branch agent-based simulation model where we have focused on how we can simulate the effects of people management practices on customer satisfaction and sales. In our experiments we have looked at employee development and cashier empowerment as two examples of shop floor management practices. In this paper we describe the underlying conceptual ideas and the features of our simulation model. We present a selection of experiments we have conducted in order to validate our simulation model and to show its potential for answering “what-if” questions in a retail context. We also introduce a novel performance measure which we have created to quantify customers’ satisfaction with service, based on their individual shopping experiences.

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Este ensaio, por meio de revisão da literatura, analisa as transformações societárias em curso que afetam o mundo do trabalho e a vida em sociedade, provocando o acirramento da questão social, compreendida como resultante das contradições entre capital e trabalho. Em linhas gerais, tendo em vista o acúmulo de conhecimento produzido no campo das ciências sociais e humanas acerca do tema, são apresentados elementos acerca das alterações desencadeadas no mundo do trabalho e seus reflexos para os trabalhadores em tempos de crise do capital. Dentre as consequências dessas transformações estão a intensificação e a expansão de formas precárias de trabalho, o agravamento do pauperismo, o avanço do desemprego, a informalidade, as subcontratações, a miséria e a perda de direitos sociais. Tal quadro esboça, para o conjunto da classe trabalhadora, por meio de organizações e lutas coletivas, desafios com vistas à superação da sociabilidade capitalista. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT

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Dissertação apresentada para obtenção a grau de mestre na área de Educação Social e Intervenção Comunitária

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Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de mestre no âmbito do mestrado em Educação Social e Intervenção Comunitária da Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém.

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Dissertação apresentada para obtenção a grau de mestre na área de Educação Social e Intervenção Comunitária

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Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de mestre no âmbito do mestrado em Educação Social e Intervenção Comunitária da Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém.