854 resultados para Progressive


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Resumen: Este trabajo intenta abordar desde la perspectiva de la historia política la corta gestión, de apenas diecisiete días, de López Murphy como Ministro de Economía de la Alianza en marzo de 2001 como un caso de estudio del “triángulo de gobierno” de Matus. Para esto, primero señalaremos la conformación inicial de los equilibrios políticos de la Alianza, explicando por qué se designó como primer Ministro de Economía a Machinea, enfatizando los delicados compromisos sobre los cuales debió actuar, así como su progresivo agotamiento. Luego, analizaremos cómo su reemplazo por López Murphy generó un profundo cambio de alianzas políticas, generando diversos tipos de enfrentamientos y reagrupamientos, que debilitaban la opción que representaba López Murphy. Igualmente, y a pesar de las resistencias iníciales, veremos que López Murphy decidió llevar a cabo un descomunal ajuste estatal, sin miramientos por las condiciones políticas para aplicarlo. Finalmente, nos dedicaremos a plantear el fin de la gestión de López Murphy y el cambio de condiciones que generó su reemplazo por Cavallo, cambio sobre el cual la Alianza hizo depender su suerte política.

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Resumen: El delito penal es aquello que la tradición, vivida en la experiencia de la familia y de la comunidad, permite a cada uno reconocer como un grave alejamiento de lo verdadero, lo bueno y lo correcto. El fundamento de la punibilidad penal es la imputación, el reconocimiento de la pertenencia del delito al sujeto como a su causa. Se intenta mostrar cómo este vínculo del derecho penal con la tradición jurídica sufrió dos rupturas: con el iluminismo jurídico y el kantismo se separó la imputación jurídica de su fundamento moral y con la codificación, se quebró la unidad del derecho penal universal fundado en lo bonum et aequum otorgando prevalencia a la idea de la legalidad esclava de los intereses de los Estados. Al mismo tiempo, se produjo una segunda ruptura: se predica una responsabilidad que se atribuye desde afuera, en forma objetiva, a centros de imputación –con frecuencia colectivos– que realizan la producción industrial. Así, según exigencias de la seguridad y la salud, el derecho penal se transforma en un instrumento de la política criminal y los contornos del tipo penal se operan a través de jueces y fiscales en prevención de las consecuencias futuras del “riesgo” progresivo de la producción industrial. La nota dominante es el “riesgo” colectivo y no el “hecho”.

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Integran este número de la revista ponencias presentadas en Studia Hispanica Medievalia VIII : Actas de las X Jornadas Internacionales de Literatura Española Medieval, 2011, y de Homenaje al Quinto Centenario del Cancionero General de Hernando del Castillo.

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Fatigue testing was conducted using a kind of triangular isostress specimen to obtain the short-fatigue-crack behaviour of a weld low-carbon steel. The experimental results show that short cracks continuously initiate at slip bands within ferrite grain domains and the crack number per unit area gradually increases with increasing number of fatigue cycles. The dispersed short cracks possess an orientation preference, which is associated with the crystalline orientation of the relevant slip system. Based on the observed collective characteristics, computer modelling was carried out to simulate the evolution process of initiation, propagation and coalescence of short cracks. The simulation provides progressive displays which imitate the appearance of experimental observations. The results of simulation indicate that the crack path possesses a stable value of fractal dimension whereas the critical value of percolation covers a wide datum band, suggesting that the collective evolution process of short cracks is sensitive to the pattern of crack site distribution.

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Dilatational plastic equations, which can include the effects of ductile damage, are derived based on the equivalency in expressions for dissipated plastic work. Void damage developed internally at the large-strain stage is represented by an effective continuum being strain-softened and plastically dilated. Accumulation of this local damage leads to progressive failure in materials. With regard to this microstructural background, the constitutive parameters included for characterizing material behaviour have the sense of internal variables. They are not able to be determined explicitly by macroscopic testing but rather through computer simulation of experimental curves and data. Application of this constitutive model to mode-I cracking examples demonstrates that a huge strain concentration accompanied by a substantial drop of stress does occur near the crack tip. Eventually, crack propagation is simulated by using finite elements in computations. Two numerical examples show good accordance with experimental data. The whole procedure of study serves as a justification of the constitutive formulation proposed in the text.

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In this paper we introduce four scenario Cluster based Lagrangian Decomposition (CLD) procedures for obtaining strong lower bounds to the (optimal) solution value of two-stage stochastic mixed 0-1 problems. At each iteration of the Lagrangian based procedures, the traditional aim consists of obtaining the solution value of the corresponding Lagrangian dual via solving scenario submodels once the nonanticipativity constraints have been dualized. Instead of considering a splitting variable representation over the set of scenarios, we propose to decompose the model into a set of scenario clusters. We compare the computational performance of the four Lagrange multiplier updating procedures, namely the Subgradient Method, the Volume Algorithm, the Progressive Hedging Algorithm and the Dynamic Constrained Cutting Plane scheme for different numbers of scenario clusters and different dimensions of the original problem. Our computational experience shows that the CLD bound and its computational effort depend on the number of scenario clusters to consider. In any case, our results show that the CLD procedures outperform the traditional LD scheme for single scenarios both in the quality of the bounds and computational effort. All the procedures have been implemented in a C++ experimental code. A broad computational experience is reported on a test of randomly generated instances by using the MIP solvers COIN-OR and CPLEX for the auxiliary mixed 0-1 cluster submodels, this last solver within the open source engine COIN-OR. We also give computational evidence of the model tightening effect that the preprocessing techniques, cut generation and appending and parallel computing tools have in stochastic integer optimization. Finally, we have observed that the plain use of both solvers does not provide the optimal solution of the instances included in the testbed with which we have experimented but for two toy instances in affordable elapsed time. On the other hand the proposed procedures provide strong lower bounds (or the same solution value) in a considerably shorter elapsed time for the quasi-optimal solution obtained by other means for the original stochastic problem.

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According to our statement in the previous editions of this list (1996-2002), we provide here an update to the year 2004, including, as always, some references omitted before. This bibliography is edited electronically, considering that this method assured a wider distribution, at least in the opinion sent us by some researchers. The increase, progressive in general, in the number of publications, is evident. It has been analysed by Gómez & Ferriz [2002 (2004)], using mainly the present series of compilations. A reading of this list shows a change, with a noticeable increase in the number of papers on molecular aspects and genetics, and also in conservations subjects. This, in our opinion, show real recent changes in approximations and technologies. We thankfully acknowledge to many authors for sending information about their works.

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Número monográfico publicado bajo el título:" Mendia, gizartea eta kultura. Montaña, sociedad y cultura. Montagne, societé et culture".

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[ES] La progresiva implantación de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales urbanas ha ido estableciendo una experiencia en el conocimiento de la eficacia de tratamiento de los diversos parámetros en plazos largos de funcionamiento. El análisis y comparación de resultados y tecnologías debe pennitir conocer las características de fiabilidad en la operación y el comportamiento frente a los diversos aspectos de la nonnativa legal. Además, el análisis en diferentes épocas del año puede producir distintos resultados o conclusiones. En este trabajo se ha tomado para el análisis una planta de tratamiento convencional, estudiando inicialmente los porcentajes medios de eliminación de diferentes parámetros, en relación asimismo con las necesidades que debe satisfacer. En condiciones de alta carga orgánica, la concentración de nitrógeno y algún tóxico especial parecen plantear las mayores dificultades. Se ha deseado focalizar la atención en el proceso de concentración de metales que se. produce en las plantas con tratamiento anaerobío de fangos. Por este motivo se Uevó a cabo un estudio de la evolución de metales en la depuración y la concentración de fangos digeridos. El fenómeno resulta de interés para analizar la calidad de las aguas que se obtienen, aunque debe considerarse también la concentración de metales en el destino final que se dé a los fangos tratados.

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Presentado en el XIII Coloquio Internacional ARYS "Alimentos divinos banquetes humanos. Sacrificios, comidas rituales y tabúes alimentarios en el Mundo Antiguo", celebrado en Jarandilla de la Vera, 16-18 de diciembre de 2010.

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The role of Na+ fluxes through voltage-gated sodium channels in the regulation of sperm cell function remains poorly understood. Previously, we reported that several genes encoding voltage-gated Na+ channels were expressed in human testis and mature spermatozoa. In this study, we analyzed the presence and function of the TTX-resistant VGSC a subunit Na(v)1.8 in human capacitated sperm cells. Using an RT-PCR assay, we found that the mRNA of the gene SCN10A, that encode Na-v1.8, was abundantly and specifically expressed in human testis and ejaculated spermatozoa. The Na-v1.8 protein was detected in capacitated sperm cells using three different specific antibodies against this channel. Positive immunoreactivity was mainly located in the neck and the principal piece of the flagellum. The presence of Na-v1.8 in sperm cells was confirmed by Western blot. Functional studies demonstrated that the increases in progressive motility produced by veratridine, a voltage-gated sodium channel activator, were reduced in sperm cells preincubated with TTX (10 mu M), the Na-v1.8 antagonist A-803467, or a specific Na-v1.8 antibody. Veratridine elicited similar percentage increases in progressive motility in sperm cells maintained in Ca2+-containing or Ca2+-free solution and did not induce hyperactivation or the acrosome reaction. Veratridine caused a rise in sperm intracellular Na+, [Na+](i), and the sustained phase of the response was inhibited in the presence of A-803467. These results verify that the Na+ channel Na-v1.8 is present in human sperm cells and demonstrate that this channel participates in the regulation of sperm function.

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Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) are members of the Retrovirus family comprising the closely related Visna/Maedi Virus (VMV) and the Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus (CAEV), which infect sheep and goats. Both infect cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage and cause lifelong infections. Infection by VMV and CAEV can lead to Visna/Maedi (VM) and Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis (CAE) respectively, slow progressive inflammatory diseases primarily affecting the lungs, nervous system, joints and mammary glands. VM and CAE are distributed worldwide and develop over a period of months or years, always leading to the death of the host, with the consequent economic and welfare implications. Currently, the control of VM and CAE relies on the control of transmission and culling of infected animals. However, there is evidence that host genetics play an important role in determining Susceptibility/Resistance to SRLV infection and disease progression, but little work has been performed in small ruminants. More research is necessary to understand the host-SRLV interaction.

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[ES] En este artículo se exponen los resultados obtenidos en una investigación descriptiva sobre la feminización del ámbito lector en la Literatura Infantil y Juvenil (LIJ) vasca. La tesis que desde el principio sostuvo esta investigación se fundamentó en que el progresivo aumento de la presencia de la mujer en el sistema literario vasco tendría que reflejarse también de alguna manera en el ámbito lector. Se utilizó el cuestionario como instrumento metodológico y se eligió una población escolar de 300 niños y niñas de edades comprendidas entre los 11 y 12 años en Vitoria. Se verificó la hipótesis preliminar; no obstante, se detectó una tendencia clara a una mayor presencia femenina en las lecturas de las niñas que en la de los niños. Las lectoras leen un mundo imaginario en un 21.6% más femenino que los lectores.