CO_2-N_2系统中光电流信号的产生机理

本文采用窄带滤波器测定了CO_2-N_2放电管在CO_2激光照射下的光电流信号,并用二阶微分网络法测量了相应的电子能量分布,认为:CO_2-N_2气体放电管中,光电流信号的产生是由于处在电子激发态上的CO_2分子和N_2分子受到10.6μm激光扰动,逐级电离的速率发生变化所致。

用自然三角形单元计算应力强度因子

<正> 用有限元法计算应力强度因子的各种奇异元中,由八节点或十二节点的四边形等参数单元所派生的奇异元最为简单,因为这种单元就是原有的等参数单元,无须程序变动,只要适当地改变裂纹顶点单元的边中点的坐标,就可使应变具有γ~(-1/2)的奇异性。这种单元是协调单元,满足收敛准则,当有人提出过渡单元概念以后,使计算结果更为精确,因此,这种单元是工程中广泛应用的一种计算应力强度因子的奇异元。与四边形等参数单元相应的一族单元是自然三角形单元。下面证明六节点的二次三角形单元和十节点的三次三角形单元,尽管它们的形状函数与上述四边形二次和三次单元通过一边收缩成一点而成的三角形单元的形状函数不同,但通过边上点取与上述等参数单元相同的位置,也可得到角点的应变具有γ~(-1/2)的奇异性。不同的是,对于六节点

海洋平台动力分析的一个简化方法

本文提供了一个分析结构——基础耦合响应的简化方法。用SAPV计算上部固端悬臂结构后,将它变换为一个随频率变化的等价刚性质量,使问题简化为位于柔性基础上的刚体振动问题。用本法计算了一个简化的平台模型的随机响应。

磁流体管道中的高超声速流动特性

本文在磁雷诺数Rm=(VL/V_m)(?)1和磁作用参数N(?)1的情况下,讨论了连续磁场对可压导电介质在管道电极与绝缘体连接端面区高超声速流动的影响问题。用复变函数理论求解拉普拉斯方程,得出电流密度和洛伦茨力的解析式,并从计算中,找到了产生环电流的足够条件。导出高超声速流的扰动方程,得出扰动参量的积分公式,并对扰动方程进行数值解,揭示出与不可压介质相似的流动特性,并讨论了在各特殊点附近的流动特性。

关于力学学科的基础性和现代化 千万不要丢了最基础的基础科学:“力学”——力学既是大工业的基础 力学又是物理科学的基础

<正> “基础”是相对于“应用”来说才有其具体意义的。 “基础”的意义有几个方面: 1.作为其他学科的基础;作为工程技术的基础。 2.从应用面广(即到处用到)的意义上的基础性。 3.不是和生产直接相联系的意义上的基础性。 事实上,主要的学科,如数学、力学、物理、化学,都是有它们的双重性的:即它们既有基础性的一面,又有应用性的一面。从强调基础性的一面看,它们既可以称为基础学科,从强调应用的一面看,它们又可以称为技术学科。

A high order accurate difference scheme for complex flow fields

A high order accurate finite difference method for direct numerical simulation of coherent structure in the mixing layers is presented. The reason for oscillation production in numerical solutions is analyzed, It is caused by a nonuniform group velocity of wavepackets. A method of group velocity control for the improvement of the shock resolution is presented. In numerical simulation the fifth-order accurate upwind compact difference relation is used to approximate the derivatives in the convection terms of the compressible N-S equations, a sixth-order accurate symmetric compact difference relation is used to approximate the viscous terms, and a three-stage R-K method is used to advance in time. In order to improve the shock resolution the scheme is reconstructed with the method of diffusion analogy which is used to control the group velocity of wavepackets. (C) 1997 Academic Press.

Factors Facilitating Successful Educational Innovation with ICT in Schools

[EN]This paper proposes an approach to the concept of ICT-based innovation in schools, from the perspective of the factors that facilitate the innovative use of ICT. To this end, a scale has been developed and validated to identify these factors through the participation of 195 teachers from 16 schools considered by the Basque educational authorities as innovators in ICT. The results obtained attest to the validity and reliability of both the scale and the 5 key factors that influence innovation in technology-based teaching. This factor-based structure enables a holistic view of ICT innovation in schools across 3 key areas: school context, teachers and the education authorities.

Hydrologic aspects of freshening upper Old Tampa Bay, Florida

Upper Old Tampa Bay, a 17-square mile area of Old Tampa Bay, Florida, has been proposed for conversion to a fresh-water lake. The amount of runoff to the proposed lake and its chemical quality are both adequate to freshen and sustain a fresh-water lake in this part of the bay. During 1950-66 runoff to the proposed lake, including discharge from Lake Tarpon, would have averaged 134 mgd (million gallons per day) and would have displaced the volume of the proposed lake at normal pool stage (2.5 feet above mean sea level) about 1.7 times per year. Without discharge from Lake Tarpon, the volume of the proposed lake would have been displaced 1.2 times. If the lake level was initially at a normal pool stage during a critically dry year, such as 1956, the proposed lake would have declined 0.25 to 0.5 foot below the minimum design level, (1.5 feet above mean sea level). (44 page document)

线性张力腿模型与非线性模型的比较研究

平台运动对张力腿的非线性动力响应具有显著的影响.提出了新的更加符合实际的边界条件,分别采用线性的 Euler-Bernoulli梁和非线性梁模型,分析了在不同的张力腿长度和平台激励条件下,线性张力腿模型与非线性模型在预测其动力响应时所得结果的差异.为了保证数值计算的正确性和可靠性,运用了两种不同的计算方法;Galerkin法,有限差分法进行数值求解.结果表明:非线性模型所得的张力腿流向响应幅值要比线性模型的小,且随着张力腿长度以及平台纵荡幅值的增加,非线性模型与线性模型的预测结果之间的差异会变得越来越显著.

剪切水-气界面下湍流猝发特征的实验研究

利用氢气泡时间线-脉线组合示踪技术定量地考察剪切水-气界面下的湍流猝发现象,分析猝发事件的信号特征,重点探讨猝发与湍能产生之间的联系.在猝发过程中,水面近区的瞬时流速和Reynolds切应力出现较大幅度的脉动,它们在时间和空间垂直方向上表现出高度的相干性,这是猝发事件的一个显著特征.在猝发期,猝发事件涉及的空间区域内Reynolds切应力和湍流脉动强度明显比平均值和非猝发期的情况大.其结果表明:在所考察的实验条件下,猝发是剪切水-气界面附近湍流产生的主要过程.

乘波前体构型设计与压缩性能分析

提出了用相交楔锥流场构造乘波构型飞行器前体的方法。该方法利用无粘相交楔锥流场生成具有两个压缩面的乘波前体，不仅兼具楔型流场和锥型流场构造乘波体的优点，而且充分发挥了高超声速飞行器前体的预压缩作用，为进气道的正常工作提供了条件。同时用数值模拟的方法研究了不同前体压缩角度组合的预压缩效果，并在压缩角优化的基础上进行了前体／进气道的一体化设计。

薄膜式LNG运输船温度场研究

液化天然气运输船液货舱热维护系统是一个结构复杂的、具有第三类边界条件的、多层平壁的稳态导热与自然对流及辐射换热相互耦合的三维复杂传热系统。针对这一复杂系统，考虑了船体主要构件、骨材、空腔空气对流、表面间的辐射对换热的影响，建立了数学模型，并给出了基于通用软件ANSYS的数值计算方法；还以某艘LNG运输船为例，进行了温度场的有限元分析。结果表明，所给出的对LNG运输船液货舱热维护系统的热分析方法是有效的。

Efficacy and Residue Comparisons between Two Slow-release Formulations of Fluridone

Residue profiles and efficacy of Avast and Sonar, two slow release pellet formulations of fluridone {1-methyl-3-phenyl-5- [3-(trifluoromethyl)phenly]-4(1H)-pyridinone}, were compared in outdoor tanks. Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle) and southern naiad (Najas guadalupensis (Sprengel) Magnus) were treated with a split application of 6, 12, 18 and 24 μg/l a.i. fluridone and the concentrations of both formulations compared over a 134-day period. Both pellet formulations exhibited very similar residues over time for each respective treatment, resulted in peak concentrations of fluridone 40 to 50 days after application, and effectively and similarly controlled southern naiad and hydrilla at all rates tested by 92 days after initial application. (PDF contains 3 pages.)