Haem uptake is essential for egg production in the haematophagous blood fluke of humans, Schistosoma mansoni

Schistosomes ingest host erythrocytes, liberating large quantities of haem. Despite its toxicity, haem is an essential factor for numerous biological reactions, and may be an important iron source for these helminths. We used a fluorescence haem analogue, palladium mesoporphyrin, to investigate pathways of haem acquisition, and showed that palladium mesoporphyrin accumulates in the vitellaria (eggshell precursor glands) and ovary of female Schistosoma mansoni. Furthermore, incubation of adult females in 10-100 μm cyclosporin A (IC50 = 2.3 μm) inhibits the uptake of palladium mesoporphyrin to these tissues, with tenfold reductions in fluorescence intensity of the ovary. In vitro exposure to cyclosporin A resulted in significant perturbation of egg production, reducing egg output from 34 eggs per female to 5.7 eggs per female over the incubation period, and retardation of egg development. We characterized a S. mansoni homologue of the haem-responsive genes of Caenorhabditis elegans. The gene (Smhrg-1) encodes a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 17 kDa. SmHRG-1 was able to rescue growth in haem transport-deficient HEM1Δ yeast. Transcriptional suppression of Smhrg-1 in adult S. mansoni worms resulted in significant delay in egg maturation, with 47% of eggs from transcriptionally suppressed worms being identified as immature compared with only 27% of eggs laid by control worms treated with firefly luciferase. Our findings indicate the presence of transmembrane haem transporters in schistosomes, with a high abundance of these molecules being present in tissues involved in oogenesis.

Improved electrochemical performance of Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.4Nb0.1O6-δ -Sm0.2Ce0.8O2-δ composite cathodes by a one-pot method for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells

In this paper, Sr₂Fe_1.5Mo_0.4Nb_0.1O_6-δ (SFMNb)-xSm_0.2Ce_0.8O_2-δ (SDC) (x = 0, 20, 30, 40, 50 wt%) composite cathode materials were synthesized by a one-pot combustion method to improve the electrochemical performance of SFMNb cathode for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). The fabrication of composite cathodes by adding SDC to SFMNb is conducive to providing extended electrochemical reaction zones for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR). X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrates that SFMNb is chemically compatible with SDC electrolytes at temperature up to 1100 °C. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) indicates that the SFMNb-SDC composite cathodes have a porous network nanostructure as well as the single phase SFMNb. The conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient of the composite cathodes decrease with the increased content of SDC, while the electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) exhibits that SFMNb-40SDC composite cathode has optimal electrochemical performance with low polarization resistance (R_p) on the La_0.9Sr_0.1Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O₃ electrolyte. The R_p of the SFMNb-40SDC composite cathode is about 0.047 Ω cm² at 800 °C in air. A single cell with SFMNb-40SDC cathode also displays favorable discharge performance, whose maximum power density is 1.22 W cm^-2 at 800 °C. All results indicate that SFMNb-40SDC composite material is a promising cathode candidate for IT-SOFCs.

Orbital and strongly orbital spaces

We say that a (countably dimensional) topological vector space X is orbital if there is T∈L(X) and a vector x∈X such that X is the linear span of the orbit {Tnx:n=0,1,…}. We say that X is strongly orbital if, additionally, x can be chosen to be a hypercyclic vector for T. Of course, X can be orbital only if the algebraic dimension of X is finite or infinite countable. We characterize orbital and strongly orbital metrizable locally convex spaces. We also show that every countably dimensional metrizable locally convex space X does not have the invariant subset property. That is, there is T∈L(X) such that every non-zero x∈X is a hypercyclic vector for T. Finally, assuming the Continuum Hypothesis, we construct a complete strongly orbital locally convex space.

As a byproduct of our constructions, we determine the number of isomorphism classes in the set of dense countably dimensional subspaces of any given separable infinite dimensional Fréchet space X. For instance, in X=ℓ2×ω, there are exactly 3 pairwise non-isomorphic (as topological vector spaces) dense countably dimensional subspaces.

Efeito da mitomicina c no endotélio corneano após cirurgia de pterígeo

Objectivo: O uso de Mitomicina C, na cirurgia de pterígeo, tem como objectivo diminuir a taxa de recidiva, contudo a sua aplicação não é isenta de complicações. O presente estudo pretende avaliar o efeito, a curto prazo, da aplicação intraoperatória de mitomicina C sobre o endotélio corneano, em doentes submetidos a excisão de pterígeo. Material e Métodos: Estudo prospectivo que incluiu 30 doentes submetidos a excisão de pterígeo primário. Em 15 doentes aplicou-se intraoperatoriamente mitomicina C a 0,02% durante 2 minutos, sobre a esclerótica com colocação posterior de auto-enxerto de conjuntiva. Nos restantes 15 doentes (grupo controlo) procedeu-se a excisão de pterigeo com auto-enxerto de conjuntiva, sem aplicação de mitomicina C. Realizou-se microscopia especular no pré-operatório e aos 2 meses de followup, avaliando-se a densidade de células endoteliais, coeficiente de variação, percentagem de células hexagonais e espessura central da córnea. Utilizou-se o Teste Paired Samples t-test para determinar a existência de diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o pré e pós-operatório, entre os 2 grupos, em relação aos parâmetros em estudo, adoptando-se um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Para todos os parâmetros analisados não se observaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas. A densidade de células endoteliais no grupo em que foi aplicada mitomicina C e no grupo controlo foi respectivamente de 2652,67±136,30; 2588,56±352,04 células/mm2 pré-operatoriamente e de 2714,57±204,04 ; 2279,89±875,71 células/mm2 pós-operatoriamente (p=0,185 ; p=0,32). O coeficiente de variação do tamanho celular no grupo em que foi aplicada mitomicina C e no grupo controlo foi respectivamente de 30,44±2,74; 34,22±3,27 células/mm2 pré-operatoriamente e de 30,11±2,71; 32,00±2,69 células/mm2 pós-operatoriamente (p=0,751 ; p=0,053). A percentagem de células hexagonais no grupo em que foi aplicada mitomicina C e no grupo controlo foi respectivamente de 44,11±2,85 ; 43,11±5,33 células/mm2 pré-operatoriamente e de 44,44±4,45 ; 48,22±4,41 células/mm2 pós-operatoriamente (p=0,824 ; p=0,056). A espessura central da córnea no grupo em que foi aplicada mitomicina C e no grupo controlo foi respectivamente de 534,33±49,80 ; 542,56±47,21 células/mm2 pré-operatoriamente e de 518±33,47 ; 536,11±43,24 células/mm2 pós-operatoriamente (p=0,072 ; p=0,183). Conclusão: O uso de mitomicina tópica a 0.02% não afectou de forma estatisticamente significativa o endótelio corneano.

Factores que afectan la capacidad en WCDMA y su influencia en la planificación de sistemas de tercera generación

In this paper we use a model that we have developed for CDMA capacity analysis to see how different conditions like propagation model, number of cells and overlapping affect the estimation of CDMA capacity. We will show that the overlapping is not a direct parameter that affect capacity, and there are other factors to consider.

Is renal medullary carcinoma the seventh nephropathy in sickle cell disease? A multi-center Nigerian survey.

Introduction: Previous studies had enlisted renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) as the seventh nephropathy in sickle cell disease (SCD). Clinical experience has contradicted this claim and this study is targeted at refuting or supporting this assumption. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of RMC and describe other renal complications in SCD. Materials and methods: 14 physicians (haematologists and urologists) in 11 tertiary institutions across the country were collated from patients’ case notes and hospital SCD registers. Results: Of the 3,596 registered sickle patients, 2 (0.056%) had been diagnosed with RMC over a ten year period, thereby giving an estimated prevalence rate of 5.6 per 100,000. The most common renal complication reported by the attending physicians was chronic kidney disease (CKD). The frequency of routine renal screening for SCD patients varied widely between centres – most were done at diagnosis, annually or bi-annually. Conclusion: The ten year prevalence of RMC in Nigerian SCD patients was determined to be 5.6 (estimated incidence of 0.56). RMC is not more common in SCD patients and therefore cannot be regarded as a “Seventh Sickle nephropathy”. Most of the managing physicians reported that the commonest nephropathy observed in their SCD patients was chronic kidney disease.

Helitransporte medicalizado: Situación actual en España y análisis de los últimos doce años de actividad en Andalucía

INTRODUCCIÓN • Los servicios de emergencia médica con helicópteros, en adelante HEMS (Helicopter Emergency Medical Service) son una herramienta consolidada en la asistencia sanitaria extra-hospitalaria y un componente esencial dentro de un sistema integral de emergencias. • Deben ser diseñados para mejorar la accesibilidad al diagnóstico y el tratamiento especializado en procesos severos y de rápido deterioro. • Deberían aportar el mejor tratamiento in situ con un elevado nivel de competencia y proporcionar una reducción del tiempo de traslado al centro de referencia. OBJETIVOS: • Describir las características y actividad global en 2014 de los helicópteros medicalizados de España. • Analizar la evolución de la actividad de los helicópteros de emergencias médicas (HEMS) en Andalucía entre 2003 y 2014. • Analizar las características así como el abordaje terapéutico de los traumatismos graves atendidos por los HEMS en Andalucía en 2013 y 2014. METODOLOGÍA: • Estudio descriptivo transversal mediante cuestionario semiestructurado a un profesional de cada helicóptero medicalizado de España: Se incluyen 31 helicópteros de emergencia médica, 4 de rescate medicalizado y 6 multi-propósito. • Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los registros de las demandas asistenciales asignadas a los HEMS en Andalucía entre 2003 y 2014. • Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de las historias clínicas realizadas por los HEMS en Andalucía en 2013-14 a traumatismos graves, definido por la escala de trauma score revisada. RESULTADOS: • Se obtienen datos de actividad sanitaria de 35 helicópteros. En 2014 recibieron 10.824 activaciones y completaron 8.893 asistencias, el 79% primarias. Trasladaron 7.056 pacientes. Las facilidades HEMS de 65 hospitales de referencia fueron: 69% con helipuerto propio, 38% transferencia directa y el 45% homologados para operación nocturna. • En Andalucía en el periodo 2003-14 los HEMS recibieron 19.793 activaciones y completaron 14.646 asistencias, el 82% primarias. 8.792 pacientes fueron trasladados en helicóptero. Hay una reducción de la actividad desde 2007 paralela a la disminución de los accidentes de tráficos. • En 2013 y 2014 los helicópteros andaluces atendieron 700 pacientes con traumatismos. En 565 registros pudo calcularse el trauma score (RTS-T) que fue menor de 12 en 112 casos que consideramos graves. De ellos, el 47% fue ocasionado por accidente de transporte, el traumatismo craneal fue el más frecuente alcanzando el 67%. El 68% de los pacientes graves precisó una intubación orotraqueal en la escena. La mortalidad durante la asistencia fue del 9’8% para los pacientes graves frente al 0’4% de aquellos que consideramos no graves. CONCLUSIONES: • Los HEMS en España han tenido un notable desarrollo en los últimos 16. Años aunque la disponibilidad de HEMS nocturno es aun baja. Existe gran variabilidad entre los sistemas adoptados en cada comunidad autónoma. El equipamiento de seguridad del personal sanitario de muchas bases no alcanza estándares internacionales. • El rescate medicalizado está disponible sólo en 5 comunidades autónomas cuya gran experiencia puede guiar la introducción en otras. • Los HEMS de Andalucía tienen una elevada actividad global, con un notable incremento en el periodo 2003-2014. La misiones más frecuentes fueron la asistencia primaria a traumatismos, especialmente cráneo-encefálicos. La actividad a primarios alcanzó el máximo en 2007 y descendió en paralelo a los accidentes de trafico. En el periodo se triplicaron las cancelaciones a misiones primarias y se duplicaron los traslados interhospitalarios. • Existe gran variabilidad en la especialización del personal sanitario así como en el volumen y tipo de demandas realizadas en las diferentes bases HEMS de Andalucía. • Es necesario incrementar la cantidad y la calidad de helisuperficies de los hospitales de referencia en Andalucía para que permitan la transferencia sin ambulancia. • Son necesarios nuevos estudios que comparen la morbi-mortalidad y los tiempos de las asistencias realizadas por HEMS y por ambulancias terrestres.

Model predictive control applied to a supply chain management problem

Supply chains are ubiquitous in any commercial delivery systems. The exchange of goods and services, from different supply points to distinct destinations scattered along a given geographical area, requires the management of stocks and vehicles fleets in order to minimize costs while maintaining good quality services. Even if the operating conditions remain constant over a given time horizon, managing a supply chain is a very complex task. Its complexity increases exponentially with both the number of network nodes and the dynamical operational changes. Moreover, the management system must be adaptive in order to easily cope with several disturbances such as machinery and vehicles breakdowns or changes in demand. This work proposes the use of a model predictive control paradigm in order to tackle the above referred issues. The obtained simulation results suggest that this strategy promotes an easy tasks rescheduling in case of disturbances or anticipated changes in operating conditions. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017

Functional analysis of a transcriptional variant of matrix gla protein (MGP)

Dissertação de Mestrado, Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, 2014

Effect of Preventive Chlamydia abortus Vaccination in Offspring Development in Sheep Challenged Experimentally

Ovine enzootic abortion, caused by Chlamydia abortus, leads to important economic losses worldwide. In addition to reproductive failures, infection may impact lamb growth during the first weeks after birth, yet this effect has not been well characterized. Vaccination can help to control the disease but variable efficacy values have been described, possibly related with factors associated with the host, the vaccine, the parameter used for efficacy determination and the challenge conditions. In this context, we evaluated the efficacy of an inactivated standard commercial vaccine and a 1/2 diluted dose in pregnant sheep challenged with C. abortus by examining multiple indicators ofvaccine effect (including incidence of reproductive failures, bacterial excretion, and evolution of weight gain of viable lambs during the first month of life). Three groups of ewes [control non-vaccinated, C (n = 18); vaccinated with standard dose, SV (n = 16) and vaccinated with 1/2 dose, DV (n = 17)], were challenged approximately 90 days post-mating and tested using direct PCR (tissue samples and vaginal swabs) and ELISA (serum) until 31 days post-reproductive outcome. There were not significant differences in the proportions of reproductive failures or bacterial shedding after birth/abortion regardless the vaccination protocol. However, a beneficial effect of vaccination on offspring growth was detected in both vaccinated groups compared with the controls, with a mean increase in weight measured at 30 days of life of 1.5 and 2.5 Kg (p = 0.056) and an increase in the geometric mean of the daily gain of 8.4 and 9.7% in lambs born from DV and SV ewes compared to controls, respectively. Our results demonstrate the effect of an inactivated vaccine in the development of the offspring of C. abortus-infected ewes at a standard and a diluted dose, an interesting finding given the difficulty in achieving sufficient antigen concentration in the production of EAE-commercial vaccines.

La precaución jurídica en el tratamiento de la información periodística

Hoy se hace imperioso que la ética periodística se complemente con el tratamiento jurídico de la libertad de expresión. La precaución jurídica es la invitación a una visión integral de la ética profesional basada en la autorregulación y en el conocimiento de la teleología del periodismo

Conceptos y prácticas de la actividad física que se reproducen en las clases sociales: aproximación desde el enfoque determinantes/ determinación social de la salud

El concepto de actividad física es concebido de diferentes formas. Mostrando que existen varios factores que afectan de manera directa e indirecta la percepción que los sujetos construyen entorno a él, generando así una aproximación a diferentes definiciones de la actividad física desde varias perspectivas y dimensiones, donde predomina una noción netamente biológica. Este estudio pretende analizar, como desde las clases sociales se concibe la actividad física en sus conceptos y prácticas considerando los modelos de determinantes y determinación social para la salud. Con fin de comprender como los autores de la literatura científica conciben la actividad física y la relación con las clases sociales, desde una perspectiva teórica de los determinantes sociales de la salud y la teoría de la determinación social, se realizó una revisión documental y análisis de contenido de los conceptos y prácticas de la actividad física que se han considerado en los últimos 10 años. Para ello se seleccionaron las bases de datos PubMed y BVS (Biblioteca Virtual de Salud) por sus énfasis en publicaciones de salud mundialmente. Mostrando que la actividad física es concebida dominantemente desde una perspectiva biológica que ejerce una mirada reduccionista. Las relaciones entre actividad física y las clases sociales están claramente establecidas, sin embargo, estas relaciones pueden discrepar teniendo en cuenta el concepto de clase social, el contexto y la orientación de los autores y las poblaciones objetos de estudio. Obteniendo como resultado que los estudios documentados, revisados y analizados muestran una clara tendencia al modelo de determinantes; no obstante, algunos estudios en sus análisis se orientan hacia el modelo de determinación social. En cuanto al concepto de clases sociales los autores consideran una combinación de factores culturales y económicos sin atreverse a adoptar un concepto específico.

Impact of salt reduction on biogenic amines, fatty acids, microbiota, texture and sensory profile in traditional blood dry-cured sausages

Meat industry needs to reduce salt in their products due to health issues. The present study evaluated the effect of salt reduction from 6% to 3% in two Portuguese traditional blood dry-cured sausages. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters, biogenic amines, fatty acids and texture profiles and sensory panel evaluations were considered. Differences due to salt reduction were perceptible in a faint decline of water activity, which slightly favoured microbial growth. Total biogenic amines content ranged from 88.86 to 796.68 mg kg 1 fresh matter, with higher amounts, particularly of cadaverine, histamine and tyramine, in low-salt products. Still, histamine and other vasoactive amines remained at low levels, thus not affecting consumers’ health. Regarding fatty acids, no significant differences were observed due to salt. However, texture profile analysis revealed lower resilience and cohesiveness in low-salt products, although no textural changes were observed by the sensory panel. Nevertheless, low-salt sausages were clearly preferred by panellists.

Nocturnal surface ozone enhancement over Portugal during winter: Influence of different atmospheric conditions

our distinct nocturnal surface ozone (NSO) enhancement events were observed, with NSO concentration exceeding 80μg/m3, at multiple ozone (O3) monitoring stations (32 sites) in January, November and December between year 2000–2010, in Portugal. The reasonable explanation for the observed bimodal pattern of surface ozone with enhanced NSO concentration during nighttime has to be transport processes, as the surface ozone production ceases at nighttime. Simultaneous measurements of O3 at multiple stations during the study period in Portugal suggest that horizontal advection alone cannot explain the observed NSO enhancement. Thus, detailed analysis of the atmospheric conditions, simulated with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, were performed to evaluate the atmospheric mechanisms responsible for NSO enhancement in the region. Simulations revealed that each event occurred as a result of one or the combination of different atmospheric processes such as, passage of a cold front followed by a subsidence zone; passage of a moving surface trough, with associated strong horizontal wind speed and vertical shear; combination of vertical and horizontal transport at the synoptic scale; formation of a low level jet with associated vertical mixing below the jet stream. The study confirmed that large-scale flow pattern resulting in enhanced vertical mixing in the nocturnal boundary layer, plays a key role in the NSO enhancement events, which frequently occur over Portugal during winter months.