Carbonate system of surface sediments from the South Pacific

B/Ca ratios in Cibicides mundulus and Cibicides wuellerstorfi have been shown to correlate with the degree of calcite saturation in seawater (D[CO32-]). In the South Pacific, a region of high importance in the global carbon cycle, these species are not continuously present in down-core records. Small numbers of epibenthic foraminifera in samples present an additional challenge, which can be overcome by using laser ablation-inductively coupled-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). We present a laser ablation based core-top calibration for Cibicides cf. wuellerstorfi, a C. wuellerstorfi morphotype that is abundant in the South Pacific and extend the existing global core top calibration for C. mundulus and C. wuellerstorfi to this region. B/Ca in C. cf. wuellerstorfi are linearly correlated with D[CO32-] and possibly display a higher sensitivity to calcite saturation changes than C. wuellerstorfi. Trace element profiles through C. wuellerstorfi and C. mundulus reveal an intra-shell B/Ca variation of ��36% around the mean shell value. Mg/Ca and B/Ca display opposite trends along the shell. Both phenomena likely result from ontogenetic effects. Intra-shell variability equals intra-sample variability, mean sample B/Ca values can thus be reliably calculated from averaged spot results of single specimen. In the global B/Ca-D[CO32-] range, we observe an inverse relationship between water mass age and D[CO32-].

Coral-algae metabolism and diurnal changes in the CO2-carbonate system of bulk sea water

Precise measurements were conducted in continuous flow seawater mesocosms located in full sunlight that compared metabolic response of coral, coral-macroalgae and macroalgae systems over a diurnal cycle. Irradiance controlled net photosynthesis (Pnet), which in turn drove net calcification (Gnet), and altered pH. Pnet exerted the dominant control on [CO3]2- and aragonite saturation state (Omega arag) over the diel cycle. Dark calcification rate decreased after sunset, reaching zero near midnight followed by an increasing rate that peaked at 03:00 h. Changes in Omega arag and pH lagged behind Gnet throughout the daily cycle by two or more hours. The flux rate Pnet was the primary driver of calcification. Daytime coral metabolism rapidly removes dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from the bulk seawater and photosynthesis provides the energy that drives Gnet while increasing the bulk water pH. These relationships result in a correlation between Gnet and Omega arag, with Omega arag as the dependent variable. High rates of H+ efflux continued for several hours following mid-day peak Gnet suggesting that corals have difficulty in shedding waste protons as described by the Proton Flux Hypothesis. DIC flux (uptake) followed Pnet and Gnet and dropped off rapidly following peak Pnet and peak Gnet indicating that corals can cope more effectively with the problem of limited DIC supply compared to the problem of eliminating H+. Over a 24 h period the plot of total alkalinity (AT) versus DIC as well as the plot of Gnet versus Omega arag revealed a circular hysteresis pattern over the diel cycle in the coral and coral-algae mesocosms, but not the macroalgae mesocosm. Presence of macroalgae did not change Gnet of the corals, but altered the relationship between Omega arag and Gnet. Predictive models of how future global changes will effect coral growth that are based on oceanic Omega arag must include the influence of future localized Pnet on Gnet and changes in rate of reef carbonate dissolution. The correlation between Omega arag and Gnet over the diel cycle is simply the response of the CO2-carbonate system to increased pH as photosynthesis shifts the equilibria and increases the [CO3]2- relative to the other DIC components of [HCO3]- and [CO2]. Therefore Omega arag closely tracked pH as an effect of changes in Pnet, which also drove changes in Gnet. Measurements of DIC flux and H+ flux are far more useful than concentrations in describing coral metabolism dynamics. Coral reefs are systems that exist in constant disequilibrium with the water column.

Food safety control system of Chinese eel exports and its challenges

This paper analyzes factors associated with the rejection of products at ports of importer countries and remedial actions taken by producers in China. As an example, it uses one of the most competitive agro-food products of China: live and processed eels. This paper provides an overview of eel production and trade trends in China. In addition, it identifies the causes of port rejection of Chinese eel products as veterinary drug residues by examining the detailed case studies of export firms and the countermeasures taken by the government and firms.

In-loop Feature Tracking for Structure and Motion with Out-of-core Optimization

In this paper, a novel and approach for obtaining 3D models from video sequences captured with hand-held cameras is addressed. We define a pipeline that robustly deals with different types of sequences and acquiring devices. Our system follows a divide and conquer approach: after a frame decimation that pre-conditions the input sequence, the video is split into short-length clips. This allows to parallelize the reconstruction step which translates into a reduction in the amount of computational resources required. The short length of the clips allows an intensive search for the best solution at each step of reconstruction which robustifies the system. The process of feature tracking is embedded within the reconstruction loop for each clip as opposed to other approaches. A final registration step, merges all the processed clips to the same coordinate frame

Distribution of the coal flow in the mill-duct system of the As Pontes Power Plant using CFD modeling

The efficiency of a Power Plant is affected by the distribution of the pulverized coal within the furnace. The coal, which is pulverized in the mills, is transported and distributed by the primary gas through the mill-ducts to the interior of the furnace. This is done with a double function: dry and enter the coal by different levels for optimizing the combustion in the sense that a complete combustion occurs with homogeneous heat fluxes to the walls. The mill-duct systems of a real Power Plant are very complex and they are not yet well understood. In particular, experimental data concerning the mass flows of coal to the different levels are very difficult to measure. CFD modeling can help to determine them. An Eulerian/Lagrangian approach is used due to the low solid���gas volume ratio.

Advanced system of planning and organization of classes at the university

This document is the result of a process of web development to create a tool that will allow to Cracow University of Technology consult, create and manage timetables. The technologies chosen for this purpose are Apache Tomcat Server, My SQL Community Server, JDBC driver, Java Servlets and JSPs for the server side. The client part counts on Javascript, jQuery, AJAX and CSS technologies to perform the dynamism. The document will justify the choice of these technologies and will explain some development tools that help in the integration and development of all this elements: specifically, NetBeans IDE and MySQL workbench have been used as helpful tools. After explaining all the elements involved in the development of the web application, the architecture and the code developed are explained through UML diagrams. Some implementation details related to security are also deeper explained through sequence diagrams. As the source code of the application is provided, an installation manual has been developed to run the project. In addition, as the platform is intended to be a beta that will be grown, some unimplemented ideas for future development are also exposed. Finally, some annexes with important files and scripts related to the initiation of the platform are attached. This project started through an existing tool that needed to be expanded. The main purpose of the project along its development has focused on setting the roots for a whole new platform that will replace the existing one. For this goal, it has been needed to make a deep inspection on the existing web technologies: a web server and a SQL database had to be chosen. Although the alternatives were a lot, Java technology for the server was finally selected because of the big community backwards, the easiness of modelling the language through UML diagrams and the fact of being free license software. Apache Tomcat is the open source server that can use Java Servlet and JSP technology. Related to the SQL database, MySQL Community Server is the most popular open-source SQL Server, with a big community after and quite a lot of tools to manage the server. JDBC is the driver needed to put in contact Java and MySQL. Once we chose the technologies that would be part of the platform, the development process started. After a detailed explanation of the development environment installation, we used UML use case diagrams to set the main tasks of the platform; UML class diagrams served to establish the existing relations between the classes generated; the architecture of the platform was represented through UML deployment diagrams; and Enhanced entity���relationship (EER) model were used to define the tables of the database and their relationships. Apart from the previous diagrams, some implementation issues were explained to make a better understanding of the developed code - UML sequence diagrams helped to explain this. Once the whole platform was properly defined and developed, the performance of the application has been shown: it has been proved that with the current state of the code, the platform covers the use cases that were set as the main target. Nevertheless, some requisites needed for the proper working of the platform have been specified. As the project is aimed to be grown, some ideas that could not be added to this beta have been explained in order not to be missed for future development. Finally, some annexes containing important configuration issues for the platform have been added after proper explanation, as well as an installation guide that will let a new developer get the project ready. In addition to this document some other files related to the project are provided: - Javadoc. The Javadoc containing the information of every Java class created is necessary for a better understanding of the source code. - database_model.mwb. This file contains the model of the database for MySQL Workbench. This model allows, among other things, generate the MySQL script for the creation of the tables. - ScheduleManager.war. The WAR file that will allow loading the developed application into Tomcat Server without using NetBeans. - ScheduleManager.zip. The source code exported from NetBeans project containing all Java packages, JSPs, Javascript files and CSS files that are part of the platform. - config.properties. The configuration file to properly get the names and credentials to use the database, also explained in Annex II. Example of config.properties file. - db_init_script.sql. The SQL query to initiate the database explained in Annex III. SQL statements for MySQL initialization. RESUMEN. Este proyecto tiene como punto de partida la necesidad de evoluci��n de una herramienta web existente. El prop��sito principal del proyecto durante su desarrollo se ha centrado en establecer las bases de una completamente nueva plataforma que reemplazar�� a la existente. Para lograr esto, ha sido necesario realizar una profunda inspecci��n en las tecnolog��as web existentes: un servidor web y una base de datos SQL deb��an ser elegidos. Aunque existen muchas alternativas, la tecnolog��a Java ha resultado ser elegida debido a la gran comunidad de desarrolladores que tiene detr��s, adem��s de la facilidad que proporciona este lenguaje a la hora de modelarlo usando diagramas UML. Tampoco hay que olvidar que es una tecnolog��a de uso libre de licencia. Apache Tomcat es el servidor de c��digo libre que permite emplear Java Servlets y JSPs para hacer uso de la tecnolog��a de Java. Respecto a la base de datos SQL, el servidor m��s popular de c��digo libre es MySQL, y cuenta tambi��n con una gran comunidad detr��s y buenas herramientas de modelado, creaci��n y gesti��n de la bases de datos. JDBC es el driver que va a permitir comunicar las aplicaciones Java con MySQL. Tras elegir las tecnolog��as que formar��an parte de esta nueva plataforma, el proceso de desarrollo tiene comienzo. Tras una extensa explicaci��n de la instalaci��n del entorno de desarrollo, se han usado diagramas de caso de UML para establecer cu��les son los objetivos principales de la plataforma; los diagramas de clases nos permiten realizar una organizaci��n del c��digo java desarrollado de modo que sean f��cilmente entendibles las relaciones entre las diferentes clases. La arquitectura de la plataforma queda definida a trav��s de diagramas de despliegue. Por ��ltimo, diagramas EER van a definir las relaciones entre las tablas creadas en la base de datos. Aparte de estos diagramas, algunos detalles de implementaci��n se van a justificar para tener una mejor comprensi��n del c��digo desarrollado. Diagramas de secuencia ayudar��n en estas explicaciones. Una vez que toda la plataforma haya quedad debidamente definida y desarrollada, se va a realizar una demostraci��n de la misma: se demostrar�� c��mo los objetivos generales han sido alcanzados con el desarrollo actual del proyecto. No obstante, algunos requisitos han sido aclarados para que la plataforma trabaje adecuadamente. Como la intenci��n del proyecto es crecer (no es una versi��n final), algunas ideas que se han podido llevar acabo han quedado descritas de manera que no se pierdan. Por ��ltimo, algunos anexos que contienen informaci��n importante acerca de la plataforma se han a��adido tras la correspondiente explicaci��n de su utilidad, as�� como una gu��a de instalaci��n que va a permitir a un nuevo desarrollador tener el proyecto preparado. Junto a este documento, ficheros conteniendo el proyecto desarrollado quedan adjuntos. Estos ficheros son: - Documentaci��n Javadoc. Contiene la informaci��n de las clases Java que han sido creadas. - database_model.mwb. Este fichero contiene el modelo de la base de datos para MySQL Workbench. Esto permite, entre otras cosas, generar el script de iniciaci��n de la base de datos para la creaci��n de las tablas. - ScheduleManager.war. El fichero WAR que permite desplegar la plataforma en un servidor Apache Tomcat. - ScheduleManager.zip. El c��digo fuente exportado directamente del proyecto de Netbeans. Contiene todos los paquetes de Java generados, ficheros JSPs, Javascript y CSS que forman parte de la plataforma. - config.properties. Ejemplo del fichero de configuraci��n que permite obtener los nombres de la base de datos - db_init_script.sql. Las consultas SQL necesarias para la creaci��n de la base de datos.

Characterization of the manufacturing processes to grow triple-junction solar cells

A number of important but little-investigated problems connected with III-V/Ge heterostructure in the GaInP/GaInAs/Ge multijunction solar cells grown by MOVPE are considered in the paper. The opportunity for successfully applying the combination of reflectance and reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy in situ methods for investigating III-V structure growth on a Ge substrate has been demonstrated. Photovoltaic properties of the III-V/Ge narrow-band subcell of the triple-junction solar cells have been investigated. It has been shown that there are excess currents in the Ge photovoltaic p-n junctions, and they have the tunneling or thermotunneling character. The values of the diode parameters for these current flow mechanisms have been determined. The potential barrier at the III-V/Ge interface was determined and the origin of this barrier formation during MOVPE heterogrowth was suggested.

MedVir: an interactive representation system of multidimensional medical data applied to Traumatic Brain Injury's rehabilitation prediction

Clinicians could model the brain injury of a patient through his brain activity. However, how this model is defined and how it changes when the patient is recovering are questions yet unanswered. In this paper, the use of MedVir framework is proposed with the aim of answering these questions. Based on complex data mining techniques, this provides not only the differentiation between TBI patients and control subjects (with a 72% of accuracy using 0.632 Bootstrap validation), but also the ability to detect whether a patient may recover or not, and all of that in a quick and easy way through a visualization technique which allows interaction.

CONSOLIDA����O OU MUDAN��A? UMA AN��LISE FEMINISTA DA PASTORAL DA CRIAN��A

O objetivo central desta tese �� investigar o potencial de transforma����o social da organiza����o n��o-governamental, ligada a CNBB(Confedera����o Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil).- Pastoral da Crian��a - para a liberta����o de mulheres que l�� atuam, das rela����es de domina����o e opress��es inerentes ao contexto kyriarchal. Esta pesquisa procura considerar o espa��o religioso subjacente �� organiza����o em decorr��ncia das influ��ncias das CEBs (Comunidades Eclesiais de Base) e do MRCC (Movimento de Renova����o Cat��lica Carism��tica). �� feita pesquisa de campo na regi��o de Curitiba com observa����es e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com doze mulheres atuando na Pastoral da Crian��a, valorizando-se a rela����o intersubjetiva entre pesquisadora e pessoas envolvidas na pesquisa. A an��lise qualitativa de dados em rela����o ao marco te��rico feminista desenvolvido em Ci��ncias Sociais pela sociologia, psican��lise e tamb��m a teologia, mostra o discurso das representa����es sociais das mulheres envolvidas, a percep����o de suas pr��prias identidades e a import��ncia da organiza����o na constru����o de suas vidas. Nos traz a conclus��o que a organiza����o reproduz o perfil tradicional de mulheres na fun����o materna e facilita a forma����o de redes comunit��rias. Averigua-se que a Pastoral da Crian��a est�� vinculada ao sistema neoliberal de pensamento que reproduz os discursos de domina����o do sistema kyriarchal da hierarquia da Igreja Cat��lica e da medicina higienista. Essas institui����es de apropriam da vida e dos corpos das mulheres e os reduzem ��s suas fun����es meramente biol��gicas, reprodutivas e de cuidados. A Pastoral da Crian��a �� caracterizada por atividades que n��o consideram as causas estruturais da pobreza, mas apenas tentam amenizar os seus efeitos e conseq����ncias. Em suas capacita����es, a organiza����o usa a forma banc��ria de educa����o que reproduz as rela����es de domina����o e depend��ncia de mulheres pobres. A organiza����o, mesmo com a estrutura da ideologia religiosa analisada, n��o est�� vinculada sistematicamente em um espa��o religioso. Sugere-se em rela����o �� situa����o da organiza����o, a abertura das id��ias e valores feministas nos campos da sa��de e religi��o a fim de promover a liberta����o e empoderamento reais de mulheres pobres. Esta recomenda����o est�� ligada com a abertura, a necessidade de reflex��o e de conhecimento, mostradas pelas mulheres entrevistadas durante a pesquisa de campo. Considera-se como limita����o aos resultados da pesquisa, o local pesquisado por n��o ter influ��ncias de movimentos sociais.(AU)

A INCLUS��O ESCOLAR NA ESFERA P��BLICA: CONCEP����ES E POSSIBILIDADES DE CONCRETIZA����O

O presente estudo constitui-se uma an��lise sobre a Pol��tica de Inclus��o do Aluno com Necessidade Educacional Especial (NEE) numa escola da rede regular de ensino. O objetivo central foi compreender os princ��pios e as propostas que definem a pol��tica nacional de educa����o especial, focando a inclus��o dos portadores de necessidades educacionais especiais na rede regular de ensino procurando verificar quais dimens��es de inclus��o est��o presentes no discurso tanto na documenta����o quanto na pr��tica sobre inclus��o. Inicialmente, a pesquisa procurou levantar, relatar e analisar os materiais bibliogr��ficos publicados sobre as quest��es relativas �� inclus��o do aluno com NEE no sistema regular de ensino, principalmente a partir de 1988 per��odo em que a Constitui����o Federal elege como um dos seus princ��pios a igualdade de condi����es de acesso e perman��ncia na escola at�� 2006, quando dados publicados pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais (INEP) comprovam que houve um aumento significativo das matr��culas destes alunos nas escolas regulares. Entrevistas, depoimentos, documentos federais e municipais e dados censit��rios foram utilizados na an��lise. Atrav��s de algumas categorias de an��lise tiradas dos depoimentos foi poss��vel identificar a socializa����o do indiv��duo por meio da garantia do direito e integra����o �� concep����o de inclus��o mais predominante. A necessidade de atendimento especializado ao aluno e aos que venham trabalhar com ele e preocupa����o com a falta de orienta����o no trabalho foi apontado como maior dificuldade. Entretanto, mesmo apresentando alguns problemas, evidencia-se uma posi����o favor��vel �� inclus��o dos alunos com NEE na educa����o regular na unidade pesquisada destacando a aceita����o e as provid��ncias que a escola vem tomando quanto ��s adapta����es realizadas para garantir educa����o de qualidade e acessibilidade. O desafio que se coloca ��s unidades de educa����o regular com a matr��cula dos alunos com NEE �� que estas possam contribuir para a efetiva����o deste direito por meio de uma educa����o que contribua para uma sociedade menos excludente.(AU)

A INCLUS��O ESCOLAR NA ESFERA P��BLICA: CONCEP����ES E POSSIBILIDADES DE CONCRETIZA����O

O presente estudo constitui-se uma an��lise sobre a Pol��tica de Inclus��o do Aluno com Necessidade Educacional Especial (NEE) numa escola da rede regular de ensino. O objetivo central foi compreender os princ��pios e as propostas que definem a pol��tica nacional de educa����o especial, focando a inclus��o dos portadores de necessidades educacionais especiais na rede regular de ensino procurando verificar quais dimens��es de inclus��o est��o presentes no discurso tanto na documenta����o quanto na pr��tica sobre inclus��o. Inicialmente, a pesquisa procurou levantar, relatar e analisar os materiais bibliogr��ficos publicados sobre as quest��es relativas �� inclus��o do aluno com NEE no sistema regular de ensino, principalmente a partir de 1988 per��odo em que a Constitui����o Federal elege como um dos seus princ��pios a igualdade de condi����es de acesso e perman��ncia na escola at�� 2006, quando dados publicados pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais (INEP) comprovam que houve um aumento significativo das matr��culas destes alunos nas escolas regulares. Entrevistas, depoimentos, documentos federais e municipais e dados censit��rios foram utilizados na an��lise. Atrav��s de algumas categorias de an��lise tiradas dos depoimentos foi poss��vel identificar a socializa����o do indiv��duo por meio da garantia do direito e integra����o �� concep����o de inclus��o mais predominante. A necessidade de atendimento especializado ao aluno e aos que venham trabalhar com ele e preocupa����o com a falta de orienta����o no trabalho foi apontado como maior dificuldade. Entretanto, mesmo apresentando alguns problemas, evidencia-se uma posi����o favor��vel �� inclus��o dos alunos com NEE na educa����o regular na unidade pesquisada destacando a aceita����o e as provid��ncias que a escola vem tomando quanto ��s adapta����es realizadas para garantir educa����o de qualidade e acessibilidade. O desafio que se coloca ��s unidades de educa����o regular com a matr��cula dos alunos com NEE �� que estas possam contribuir para a efetiva����o deste direito por meio de uma educa����o que contribua para uma sociedade menos excludente.(AU)

Ol-Prx 3, a member of an additional class of homeobox genes, is unimodally expressed in several domains of the developing and adult central nervous system of the medaka (Oryzias���latipes)

Large-scale genetic screens for mutations affecting early neurogenesis of vertebrates have recently been performed with an aquarium fish, the zebrafish. Later stages of neural morphogenesis have attracted less attention in small fish species, partly because of the lack of molecular markers of developing structures that may facilitate the detection of discrete structural alterations. In this context, we report the characterization of Ol-Prx 3 (Oryzias latipes-Prx 3). This gene was isolated in the course of a large-scale screen for brain cDNAs containing a highly conserved DNA binding region, the homeobox helix-three. Sequence analysis revealed that this gene belongs to another class of homeobox genes, together with a previously isolated mouse ortholog, called OG-12 [Rovescalli, A. C., Asoh, S. & Nirenberg, M. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 10691���10696] and with the human SHOX gene [Rao, E., Weiss, B., Fukami, M., Rump, A., Niesler, B., et al. (1997) Nat. Genet. 16, 54���62], thought to be involved in the short-stature phenotype of Turner syndrome patients. These three genes exhibit a moderate level of identity in the homeobox with the other genes of the paired-related (PRX) gene family. Ol-Prx 3, as well as the PRX genes, are expressed in various cartilaginous structures of head and limbs. These genes might thus be involved in common regulatory pathways during the morphogenesis of these structures. Moreover, this paper reports a complex and monophasic pattern of Ol-Prx 3 expression in the central nervous system, which differs markedly from the patterns reported for the PRX genes, Prx 3 excluded: this gene begins to be expressed in a variety of central nervous system territories at late neurula stage. Strikingly, it remains turned on in some of the derivatives of each territory during the entire life of the fish. We hope this work will thus help identify common features for the PRX 3 family of homeobox genes.