Electrical Design: A Problem for Artificial Intelligence Research

This report outlines the problem of intelligent failure recovery in a problem-solver for electrical design. We want our problem solver to learn as much as it can from its mistakes. Thus we cast the engineering design process on terms of Problem Solving by Debugging Almost-Right Plans, a paradigm for automatic problem solving based on the belief that creation and removal of "bugs" is an unavoidable part of the process of solving a complex problem. The process of localization and removal of bugs called for by the PSBDARP theory requires an approach to engineering analysis in which every result has a justification which describes the exact set of assumptions it depends upon. We have developed a program based on Analysis by Propagation of Constraints which can explain the basis of its deductions. In addition to being useful to a PSBDARP designer, these justifications are used in Dependency-Directed Backtracking to limit the combinatorial search in the analysis routines. Although the research we will describe is explicitly about electrical circuits, we believe that similar principles and methods are employed by other kinds of engineers, including computer programmers.

Alternative ways to estimate change points in multinomial sequences. An application to an authorship attribution problem

The statistical analysis of literary style is the part of stylometry that compares measurable characteristics in a text that are rarely controlled by the author, with those in other texts. When the goal is to settle authorship questions, these characteristics should relate to the author’s style and not to the genre, epoch or editor, and they should be such that their variation between authors is larger than the variation within comparable texts from the same author. For an overview of the literature on stylometry and some of the techniques involved, see for example Mosteller and Wallace (1964, 82), Herdan (1964), Morton (1978), Holmes (1985), Oakes (1998) or Lebart, Salem and Berry (1998). Tirant lo Blanc, a chivalry book, is the main work in catalan literature and it was hailed to be “the best book of its kind in the world” by Cervantes in Don Quixote. Considered by writters like Vargas Llosa or Damaso Alonso to be the first modern novel in Europe, it has been translated several times into Spanish, Italian and French, with modern English translations by Rosenthal (1996) and La Fontaine (1993). The main body of this book was written between 1460 and 1465, but it was not printed until 1490. There is an intense and long lasting debate around its authorship sprouting from its first edition, where its introduction states that the whole book is the work of Martorell (1413?-1468), while at the end it is stated that the last one fourth of the book is by Galba (?-1490), after the death of Martorell. Some of the authors that support the theory of single authorship are Riquer (1990), Chiner (1993) and Badia (1993), while some of those supporting the double authorship are Riquer (1947), Coromines (1956) and Ferrando (1995). For an overview of this debate, see Riquer (1990). Neither of the two candidate authors left any text comparable to the one under study, and therefore discriminant analysis can not be used to help classify chapters by author. By using sample texts encompassing about ten percent of the book, and looking at word length and at the use of 44 conjunctions, prepositions and articles, Ginebra and Cabos (1998) detect heterogeneities that might indicate the existence of two authors. By analyzing the diversity of the vocabulary, Riba and Ginebra (2000) estimates that stylistic boundary to be near chapter 383. Following the lead of the extensive literature, this paper looks into word length, the use of the most frequent words and into the use of vowels in each chapter of the book. Given that the features selected are categorical, that leads to three contingency tables of ordered rows and therefore to three sequences of multinomial observations. Section 2 explores these sequences graphically, observing a clear shift in their distribution. Section 3 describes the problem of the estimation of a suden change-point in those sequences, in the following sections we propose various ways to estimate change-points in multinomial sequences; the method in section 4 involves fitting models for polytomous data, the one in Section 5 fits gamma models onto the sequence of Chi-square distances between each row profiles and the average profile, the one in Section 6 fits models onto the sequence of values taken by the first component of the correspondence analysis as well as onto sequences of other summary measures like the average word length. In Section 7 we fit models onto the marginal binomial sequences to identify the features that distinguish the chapters before and after that boundary. Most methods rely heavily on the use of generalized linear models

Application of discriminant function analysis and change-point problem in dating volcanic ashes

The application of Discriminant function analysis (DFA) is not a new idea in the study of tephrochrology. In this paper, DFA is applied to compositional datasets of two different types of tephras from Mountain Ruapehu in New Zealand and Mountain Rainier in USA. The canonical variables from the analysis are further investigated with a statistical methodology of change-point problems in order to gain a better understanding of the change in compositional pattern over time. Finally, a special case of segmented regression has been proposed to model both the time of change and the change in pattern. This model can be used to estimate the age for the unknown tephras using Bayesian statistical calibration

Educaci??n ambiental para la acci??n ciudadana : concepciones del profesorado en formaci??n sobre la problem??tica de la energ??a

Determinar el alcance de los objetivos y la naturaleza de las concepciones que tienen los-as estudiantes y los materiales did??cticos, sobre la tem??tica de la energ??a, se formula los siguientes problemas: 1. ??Cu??les son las concepciones de los-las estudiantes de Magisterio sobre los modelos de Educaci??n Ambiental? 2. ??Cu??les son las concepciones de los-las estudiantes sobre los problemas socioambientales que consideran m??s importantes y la idea de riesgo asociada a los mismos? 3. ??Cu??les son las concepciones de los-las estudiantes sobre el papel que juega la participaci??n en el proceso de Educaci??n Ambiental? 4. ??Cu??les son las concepciones de los-las estudiantes sobre la energ??a y el papel que juega la energ??a como problema socioambiental? 5. ??Cu??les son las concepciones did??cticas dominantes de los-las estudiantes sobre el tratamiento did??ctico de la energ??a? 6. ??Cu??les son las concepciones did??cticas dominantes de los materiales seleccionados sobre el tratamiento de la energ??a? 7. ??Existe alguna correspondencia entre las concepciones de los-las estudiantes y las concepciones did??cticas de los materiales seleccionados sobre el tratamiento did??ctico de la energ??a? 8. ??Existen diferencias en las concepciones de los-las estudiantes sobre algunos aspectos de la Educaci??n Ambiental y de la energ??a dependiendo del momento de la investigaci??n? 9. ??Existe coherencia en las concepciones de los-las estudiantes y de los materiales?. El paradigma metodol??gico elegido se ubica en la definici??n del paradigma interpretativo, denominado tambi??n naturalista, de enfoque ecol??gico o etnogr??fico, a trav??s de un estudio de caso. Se selecciona un grupo de estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educaci??n de la Universidad de Sevilla, de las modalidades de Educaci??n Primaria y Especial, que cursan la asignatura optativa de Educaci??n Ambiental (EA). La muestra se compone de 12 hombres y 38 mujeres, sumando un total de 50 personas, solo se tiene materiales escritos de forma individual de 45 personas, se agrupan para trabajar de forma conjunta formando 12 grupos. Dentro del planteamiento metodol??gico adoptado, se utiliza diferentes t??cnicas e instrumentos: la b??squeda y an??lisis de materiales de EA desde un punto de vista did??ctico. Observaci??n externa y recogida de informaci??n en el diario de clase. Cuestionarios y documentos de trabajo. Grabaciones de algunas sesiones de clase. Grupo de discusi??n. Para el tratamiento de los datos se dise??a un sistema de categor??as que sistematizara las respuestas. Las respuestas m??s encontradas, sobre el modelo de EA y el car??cter interdisciplinar, se encuentran en los valores m??s simples respecto a los valores considerados en el sistema de categor??as creados, los cuales mayoritariamente vinculan la EA con un modelo conservacionista y con actividades puntuales, lo cual indica que lo que entiende los-as educadores-as ambientales sobre EA, suele estar 'identificado con el amor a la naturaleza, con las salidas fuera del aula, generalmente 'al campo', con la recogida de muestras o la realizaci??n de an??lisis o reciclado de papel' y 'ven la Educaci??n Ambiental como algo ajeno a las dem??s materias que se lleva a cabo en algunas determinadas fechas y que debe tener un curr??culo establecido y diferente del de otras materias, a excepci??n de las ciencias naturales, con las que de alguna manera se liga la Educaci??n Ambiental y aparece una alta relaci??n entre esta visi??n de la EA y la corriente inductivista del aprendizaje'.

Disfunci??n orbitofrontal en la esclerosis m??ltiple : Iowa Gambling Task

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

La escuela rural en Catalu??a : problem??ticas, propuestas y retos de futuro

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

??Formaci??n en la empresa? problem??tica, perspectivas

Resumen del autor. Res??menes en espa??ol e ingl??s

A survey addressing the fundamental matrix estimation problem

Epipolar geometry is a key point in computer vision and the fundamental matrix estimation is the only way to compute it. This article surveys several methods of fundamental matrix estimation which have been classified into linear methods, iterative methods and robust methods. All of these methods have been programmed and their accuracy analysed using real images. A summary, accompanied with experimental results, is given

TU Graz: Course: 707.000 Web Science and Web Technology: Lecture 2: Small World Problem

We will discuss several examples and research efforts related to the small world problem and set the ground for our discussion of network theory and social network analysis. Readings: An Experimental Study of the Small World Problem, J. Travers and S. Milgram Sociometry 32 425-443 (1969) [Protected Access] Optional: The Strength of Weak Ties, M.S. Granovetter The American Journal of Sociology 78 1360--1380 (1973) [Protected Access] Optional: Worldwide Buzz: Planetary-Scale Views on an Instant-Messaging Network, J. Leskovec and E. Horvitz MSR-TR-2006-186. Microsoft Research, June 2007. [Web Link, the most recent and comprehensive study on the subject!] Originally from: http://kmi.tugraz.at/staff/markus/courses/SS2008/707.000_web-science/

Using Problem Steps Recorder on Windows 7

Problem Steps Recorder is a standard piece of software on Windows 7 computers, which allows you to record a sequence of actions on your computer, along with screenshots. It can help ServiceLine diagnose any problems that you might be experiencing.

Problem-Based Learning Using CaseMaker - Richard Collier

This is one of a series of short case studies describing how academic tutors at the University of Southampton have made use of learning technologies to support their students.

SB.TV's successful yet unconventional establishment of a Brand based solely on Social Network Success may present a problem in long-term survival

Research Proposal in SB.TV case study. New dimension to brand model for Web 2.0 success

El casal d'infants d'Eivissa : una iniciativa per a fam??lies amb problem??tica social. 'La casa de ni??os de Eivissa : una iniciativa para familias con problem??tica social'

Resumen tomado de la propia publicaci??n. Los autores son miembros del equipo de atenci??n primaria de los servicios sociales del ayuntamiento de la ciudad de Eivissa