Anatomia do Lenho de Espécies de Stryphnodendron Mart. (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae)

Os estudos anatômicos do xilema secundário têm contribuído com a botânica sistemática na segregação de grupos taxonômicos. Desta forma, podendo se tornar muito importante na aplicação para identificação de espécies, o que adquire maior conotação em grupos de comprovada importância econômica. O gênero Stryphnodendron apresenta uma ampla distribuição no Brasil e as espécies que o compõem são muito utilizadas com finalidades farmacológicas, no entanto existem espécies que são morfologicamente muito semelhantes neste gênero. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivos descrever a estrutura anatômica do lenho de sete espécies do gênero Stryphnodendron, identificar os caracteres que poderão ser utilizados na segregação do grupo e verificar se a anatomia do lenho corrobora a proposta de delimitação de S. polyphyllum, feitas no último trabalho de revisão taxonômica do gênero. Foram selecionadas duas espécies paucifolioladas e cinco espécies multifolioladas, o material botânico foi obtido por coleta in situ para as espécies de ocorrência na Mata Atlântica e a partir de coleções de madeira de referência para as espécies de Cerrado e Floresta Amazônica. Foram utilizadas as metodologias usuais para anatomia do lenho e as descrições seguiram em linhas gerais as recomendações a IAWA Committee. Os resultados demonstraram que as espécies apresentam características anatômicas em comum, que podem ser diagnósticas para o gênero Stryphnodendron como: camada de crescimento distinta, raios homogêneos, cristais formando séries cristalíferas no parênquima axial e nas fibras, pontoações ornamentadas e parênquima axial paratraqueal. Os resultados das análises de agrupamento e de componentes principais evidenciaram a segregação das espécies em dois grupos, um com as espécies multifolioladas e outro com espécies paucifolioladas. As espécies paucifolioladas foram segregadas por apresentarem diâmetro tangencial dos vasos superior a 200 μm e parênquima axial difuso em agregados. Os resultados também evidenciaram um conjunto de caracteres que permitiram a individualização das espécies estudadas. As características qualitativas do lenho mais importantes para segregação das espécies em questão foram: tipos de parênquima axial e de demarcação da camada de crescimento; arranjo e agrupamento dos elementos de vasos; presença de fibras gelatinosas, de fibras septadas e de espessamento helicoidal em fibras. As características quantitativas foram: frequência de vasos; comprimento das fibras; número de células na largura dos raios; altura e largura dos raios e diâmetro das pontoações parênquimo-vasculares.

Campagnes Nizery: Togo 3 (16 au 18/08/83) et Togo 4 (28 au 30/11/83). Resultats des chalutages

This publication gives the results of the bottom trawlings made during the cruises Togo 3 and logo 4 by the oceanographic research vessel "Andre NIZERY" on the continental shelf of Togo during the estimation program of halieutic resources. The report includes: 1 - The report of the cruises Togo 3 and Togo 4 2 - Some information on the presentation of the results 3 - The trawl recording cards for the 2 cruises 4 - The length frequency distributions of the measured samples.

Distribuição do material particulado em suspensão na plataforma continental e talude superior entre Ubatuba (SP) e o cabo Búzios (RJ)

A pesquisa aqui apresentada amostrou a plataforma continental e talude superior entre Ubatuba (SP) e o cabo Búzios (RJ), em dois projetos de escala local e de meso-escala. A campanha entre Ubatuba e o cabo Frio foi realizada no âmbito do projeto Oceano-Rio: levantamentos oceanográficos integrados ao largo do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, realizado em colaboração com o Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT) e com a cooperação da Marinha do Brasil (MB), a bordo do Navio Hidro-oceanográfico Cruzeiro do Sul. Dos dados coletados nesta campanha oceanográfica, foram analisados os dados de CTD, concentração de oxigênio dissolvido, fluorescência, transmissividade, atenuação, retro-espalhamento além de amostras de água para a determinação direta da concentração de material particulado em suspensão (MPS). No experimento de menor escala, entre o cabo Frio e o cabo Búzios, além destes dados, foi realizado um fundeio entre 02 e 30 de julho de 2011, que amostrou a intensidade do eco, as correntes e as ondas. As análises realizadas permitiram observar uma grande abrangência da massa dágua característica da Ressurgência sobre a plataforma continental entre Ubatuba (SP) e cabo Búzios (RJ), inclusive em regiões muito rasas. A ressurgência nem sempre ocorreu associada aos ventos NE, sugerindo que a ocorrência de vórtices tem grande influência sobre o Sistema de Ressurgência de Cabo Frio. O padrão de distribuição de MPS na região é muito influenciado pela ressuspensão dos sedimentos de fundo (aumentada durante as tempestades, quando a coluna dágua passa a apresentar maiores concentrações de MPS), produção fitoplanctônica e aporte das baías costeiras. Outros processos que parecem influenciar este padrão são os vórtices e as ondas internas no talude. A complexidade da interação destas diferentes fontes de MPS e processos associados à sua distribuição ficou evidenciada no processo de conversão dos sinais óticos do transmissômetro e nefelômetro em concentração de MPS. Apesar desta dificuldade associada à grande variabilidade das características do MPS, as análises dos testes de conversão do sinal ótico em concentração de MPS permitem concluir que as melhores conversões podem ser obtidas após a inspeção visual das concentrações de MPS medidos (filtração) e remoção das amostras que não seguem a tendência geral esperada de dispersão sinal ótico versus concentração de MPS.

Campagne Nizery Togo 7 (19 au 21-O7-84): resultats des chalutages

This publication gives the results of the bottom trawlings made during the cruise TOGO 7 by the oceanographic research vessel Andre Nizery on the continental shelf of Togo during the estimation program of halieutic resources.

Campagnes Chalci, Chalci 84-01 (du 17 au 25-01-84) et Chalci 84-02 (du 03 au 11-07-84): resultats des chalutages

This publication gives the results of bottom trawlings made during the cruises CHALCI 84-01 and CHALCI 84-02 by the oceanographic research vessel "Andre NIZERY" sur le plateau continental ivoirien.

Campagnes Chalci, Chalci 83-01 (du 11 au 19-01-83) et Chalci 83-02 (du 10 au 18-03-83): resultats des chalutages

This publication gives the results of bottom trawlings made during the cruises Chalci 83.01 and Chalci 83.02 by the oceanographic research vessel "André Nizery", on the ivorian continental shelf. The publication content is: - an introduction explaining the form of results; the trawl recording cards with the characteristics of trawl and the detail of catches by species; the length frequency distributions of the measured samples.

Campagnes Nizery: Togo 1 (26 et 27/01/83) et Togo 2 (07 au 10/06/83). Resultats des chalutages

This publication gives the results of the bottom trawlings made during the cruises Togo 1 and Togo 2 by the oceanographic research vessel "Andre Nizery" on the continental shelf of Togo during the estimation program of halieutic resources. The report includes: 1 - The report of the cruises Togo 1 and Togo 2; 2 - Some information on the presentation of the results; 3 - The trawl recording cards for the 2 cruises; 4 - The length frequency distributions of the measured samples.

Campagnes Nizery: Togo 5 (01 to 03/03/84) and Togo 6 (26 to 28/03/84). Resultats des chalutages

This publication gives the results of the bottom trawlings made during the cruises Togo 5 and Togo 6 by the oceanographic research vessel "Andre Nizery" on the continental shelf of Togo during the estimation program of halieutic resources. The report includes: 1 - the report of the cruises Togo 5 and Togo 6; 2 - Some information on the presentation of the results; 3 - the trawl recording maps for the 2 cruises; 4 - The length frequency distributions of the measured samples.

Energy efficiency in trawling operations

Diurnal variation in trawl catches and its influence on energy efficiency of trawler operations are discussed in this paper, based on data on landings of a Japanese factory trawler which operated in the Indian waters during 1992-93. The factory vessel equipped for stern trawling had a length overall of 110 m, GT of 5460 and installed engine power of 5700 hp. Operations were conducted off west coast of India between 31 and 278 m depth contours, using a 80.4 m high opening bottom trawl with an adjusted vertical opening of 7.60.9 m. The catch data was grouped according to the median towing hour, by the time of the day. CPUE obtained was 3713.4 kg.h-1 for day time operations and 1536.6 kg.h-1 for night-time operations. Mean daily catches were 31367 kg.day-1 (SE: 2743) for day time operations and 9430 kg.day-1 (SE: 966) for night-time operations. Fuel consumption were 0.399 and 0.982 kg fuel.kg fish-1, respectively for day and night-time operations. Total catch and catch components such as threadfin bream, bulls eye, hairtails, trevelly, lizard fish showed significant improvement during day-time operations while swarming crabs showed a significant improvement in the night-time operations. The difference in catch rates between day and night could be attributed to diurnal variation in the spatial distribution and schooling behaviour of the catch categories, their differential behaviour in the vicinity of trawl systems under varying light levels of day and night and consequent effect on catching efficiency and size selectivity at different stages in the capture process. The results obtained in addition to its importance in the operational planning of trawling in order to realise objectives of maximising catch per unit effort and minimising fuel consumption per unit volume of fish caught, has added significance in the use of bottom trawl surveys in stock abundance estimates.

Análise de dados colhidos a bordo da embarcação Cassiopeia de 7 a 15 de Maio de 1999

This paper aims to analyse the results of a cruise aboard the vessel Cassiopeia, held from 7 to 15 May 1999. These results relate mainly to the Quissico area and have as an objective to verify different features: total fish catch, predominance of caught species, dimensions of captured fish and fishing effort.

Possíveis relações entre a área de pesca, profundidade e tempo de imersão nas actividades da pesca com covos

A cruise aboard the vessel Cassiopeia was held from 14 to 22 November 2000. The objective to map the fishing areas, to study the variation of the catch, income, specific composition and length on wishbone Polysteganus coeruleopunctatus (cachucho) in relation to fishing areas, depth and immersion time of the fish pots. The total capture registered was 4.350,00 Kg for 1600 fish pots and 32 effectuated throws. The highest capture per throw was registered in the interval of depth between the 140 to 180 meters. Regarding the time of immersion, the better captures were obtained in the interval between 25 and 30 hours. The profits during this cross were for fish-trap (2, 71 kg), per throw 135,00 Kg and for immersion hour 6,07 kg. P. coeruleopunctatus (cachucho) was more abundant in number in Quissico, while in Zavora it was abundant in number and also in weight. Likewise, the cachucho was more abundant in number and weight in the captures of the fish pots submerged less than 24 hours, 100-140 meters depth. Cachucho catch under 100 meters depth was quite reduced (less than 1 %). The middle length of the cachucho captured during the cross was 275,7 mm. There were significant differences in the lengths of the cachucho accordingly to depth or fishing area. The smallest individual (fish) was captured by fish pots that were submerged more than 24 hours. The principal recommendations of the study refer to maintenance of the current fishing effort with regard to the number of fish pots, and explore the fishing areas on a rotating basis, to avoid the local effort, currently high.

Standardisation des efforts de pêche des chalutiers ivoiriens et estimation de l'abondance relative dans les divers secteurs

The method developed by Robson (1966) is used to standardize fishing effort of Côte d'Ivoire trawlers whose size and power are very different. This method also allows the estimation of the relative abundances in the different fishing areas. The results obtained using 10 years data show that the entire Ivorian continental shelf can be considered as a single fishery unit. The relative fishing power of vessels is well correlated with gross tonnage, brake horse power and length of the vessel. The obsolescence of the trawlers affects their fishing power.

Interaction between the 5-HT system and the basal ganglia: functional implication and therapeutic perspective in Parkinson's disease

The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) has a multifaceted function in the modulation of information processing through the activation of multiple receptor families, including G-protein-coupled receptor subtypes (5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT4-7) and ligand-gated ion channels (5-HT3). The largest population of serotonergic neurons is located in the midbrain, specifically in the raphe nuclei. Although the medial and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) share common projecting areas, in the basal ganglia (BG) nuclei serotonergic innervations come mainly from the DRN. The BG are a highly organized network of subcortical nuclei composed of the striatum (caudate and putamen), subthalamic nucleus (STN), internal and external globus pallidus (or entopeduncular nucleus in rodents, GPi/EP and GPe) and substantia nigra (pars compacta, SNc, and pars reticulata, SNr). The BG are part of the cortico-BG-thalamic circuits, which play a role in many functions like motor control, emotion, and cognition and are critically involved in diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). This review provides an overview of serotonergic modulation of the BG at the functional level and a discussion of how this interaction may be relevant to treating PD and the motor complications induced by chronic treatment with L-DOPA.

Recherches des larves de thonides dans l'Atlantique tropical-oriental: campagnes effectuées en 1976-1977 par le N/O Capricorne

This study gives the results of oblique plankton hauls (from the sea-surface to the top of the thermocline), made during the dry season (January to March) by oceanographic vessel R.V. Capricorne during three cruises, of tuna larvae research in 1976 and 1977, between the African Coast and the Equator, from 17 degrees W to 9 degrees E.

1998 fisheries statistics, Lake Kariba - Zimbabwe shore

The report contains data, statistics and information for both the pelagic and inshore fisheries of Lake Kariba for the year 1998. Time series data and notes for the 2 fisheries are included. The pelagic fishery exploits kapenta, the freshwater sardine Limnothrissa miodon, and is carried out all year round using light for attracting the fish. Two types of fishing vessel designs are in use (the pontoon-catamarans and the displacement monohulls) and the type of gear used is the lift net. The inshore fishery distinguishes the fishery that uses gillnets and exploits the indigenous Zambezi River fish species. This fishery is restricted to the lakeshore and uses 3 types of boats - the dugout canoe, fibreglass and metal boats.