1000 resultados para Dieta artesanal
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Diversas circunstanciales académicas hicieron que el autor se interesara desde junio de 1978 por el estudio de la población costera y, en especial, por la pesquero- artesanal. Este trabajo resume una primera contribución en esta temática, de la cual surgieron intereses más concretos: una investigación del área litoral Jacó – Quepos, concluida en agosto de 1981 y, otra que se desarrolla en la actualidad, denominada “La población costera del Golfo de Nicoya; sus condiciones sociales de trabajo”. Lo que se expone en esta ocasión, no es un resultado teórico, sino más bien, un primer intento empírico- práctico por dejar constancia de una realidad: la situación social y económica de un sector productivo poco estudiando.
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La tesi ha avuto come obiettivo la valutazione dell’effetto dell’uso di fonti proteiche alternative (alghe ed insetti) nell’alimentazione del broiler sui parametri qualitativi ed il profilo ossidativo della carne di petto di pollo. A tale scopo, 1000 polli maschi ROSS 308 sono stati suddivisi in 8 gruppi sperimentali in funzione della percentuale di inclusione nel mangime di farina di microalghe ed insetti, e della presenza o meno dell’enzima chitinasi: controllo (dieta commerciale), controllo con enzima, dieta 1 (insetti 9%), dieta 2 (insetti 18%), dieta 3 (insetti 9% + chitinasi), dieta 4 (insetti 18% + chitinasi), dieta 5 (microalghe 3%), dieta 6 (microalghe 6%). Un totale di 120 petti di pollo (15/gruppo) sono stati destinati all’analisi del pH, colore, drip e cooking loss, sforzo di taglio, nonché del livello di ossidazione di grassi e proteine della carne. I risultati ottenuti hanno evidenziato come, a prescindere dal tipo di fonte proteica e dalla percentuale di inclusione, il pH della carne ha mostrato valori significativamente inferiori in tutti i gruppi trattati rispetto al controllo, senza però esercitare effetti negativi sulla qualità della carne. La capacità di ritenzione idrica (valutata tramite drip e cooking loss), lo sforzo di taglio e il livello di ossidazione dei lipidi e delle proteine non sono stati infatti influenzati negativamente dal trattamento dietetico. Tuttavia, il colore della carne è stato modificato dall’alimentazione, con particolare riferimento all’indice di giallo (b*) che è risultato significativamente superiore nei gruppi sperimentali alimentati con microalghe rispetto al controllo e a quelli alimentati con farina di insetti. Tale colorazione potrebbe essere gradita in quei mercati in cui vi è una consolidata abitudine a questa pigmentazione della carne. Ulteriori studi saranno effettuati per valutare l’effetto delle fonti proteiche alternative sulla qualità sensoriale e l’attitudine del consumatore verso il colore del prodotto.
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Posto che le attuali scelte di produzione e consumo legate alle diete a livello globale hanno evidenziato numerosi impatti ambientali negativi, l’obiettivo di questa tesi è, dopo aver illustrato quali sono le strategie nate e che stanno nascendo a livello di governance globale, internazionale, nazionale e locale per contrastare il problema, analizzare il possibile ruolo della figura del dietista nelle politiche e nelle strategie alimentari urbane.
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Este material compõe o Curso de Especialização em Nefrologia Multidisciplinar (Módulo 7, Unidade 3), produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Trata-se de um recurso educacional interativo que apresenta algumas recomendações para a redução do sódio na dieta, como estratégia de prevenção da Doença Renal Crônica.
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Controle glicêmico do diabetes para melhoria da qualidade de vida. Contextualiza-se a importância da alimentação saudável e da pratica de atividade física. O plano de ação foi implementado na Unidade Básica de Saúde de Axixá - TO, com identificação de pacientes pertencentes a grupos de risco, dos diabéticos e pré-diabetes, para aos quais foram ministradas palestras com os profissionais de saúde (médico e enfermeiro), além de consultas de orientação e acompanhamento mensal da glicemia em jejum. Após seis meses de atuação, obteve-se um resultado significativo na redução da medicação necessária para o controle glicêmico e uma diminuição no surgimento de novos casos de diabetes.
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O aumento da incidência de síndrome metabólica representa um importante fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares e diabetes mellitus e a atenção primária tem fundamental importância na promoção e prevenção destes fatores a fim de promover saúde.
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The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of hypertension and control practices among the elderly. The survey analyzed data from 872 elderly people in São Paulo, Brazil, through a cluster sampling, stratified according to education and income. A Poisson multiple regression model checked for the existence of factors associated with hypertension. The prevalence of self-reported hypertension among the elderly was 46.9%. Variables associated with hypertension were self-rated health, alcohol consumption, gender, and hospitalization in the last year, regardless of age. The three most common measures taken to control hypertension, but only rarely, are oral medication, routine salt-free diet and physical activity. Lifestyle and socioeconomic status did not affect the practice of control, but knowledge about the importance of physical activity was higher among those older people with higher education and greater income. The research suggests that health policies that focus on primary care to encourage lifestyle changes among the elderly are necessary.
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Aflatoxins are hepatotoxic metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus on a number of agricultural commodities. This research was carried out to evaluate the ability of thermolysed and active Saccharomyces cerevisiae to attenuate liver damage caused by aflatoxin. Diets were prepared containing 0 aflatoxin; 400 mug kg-1 aflatoxin; 400 mug kg-1 aflatoxin plus 1% of dehydrated active yeast, and 400 mug kg-1 aflatoxin plus 1% of thermolysed yeast. A bioassay with Wistar rats was conducted for 28 days, and body organs were weighted and analyses of the liver tissue of the animals were performed. The relative weight of heart, kidneys and liver from animals submitted to the different treatments did not show any difference, and liver tissue of animals feeding on the aflatoxin-free diet was adopted as a toxicity-free pattern. Hepatic tissue of animals feeding on diets containing 400 mug kg-1 aflatoxin or the diet supplemented with 1% thermolysed yeast showed clear signs of toxicity and damage. Hepatic tissue of animals feeding on the diet containing 1% of dehydrated active yeast showed less toxicity signs and damage than those receiving the diet containing 400 mug kg-1 aflatoxin. Active, dehydrated yeast had the ability to reduce toxic effects caused by aflatoxin, but thermolysed yeast was not able to alleviate the effects of aflatoxin toxicity.
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The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of plonk on compressive behavior and mechanical attributes such as consistency, optimum moisture for compaction and maximum density of a Red-Yellow Latosol (Oxisol) to evaluate the effect of plonk and compaction state in splashed particles, from Lavras (MG) region. The plonk was obtained from an artisanal sugarcane brandy alembic. Undisturbed and disturbed soil samples were collected at 0 to 3 cm and 60 to 63 cm depths. Disturbed soil samples were used for soil characterization, determination of consistence limits and Normal Proctor essay after material incubation with plonk. Undisturbed soil samples were saturated with plonk or distilled water (control) during 48 hours for testing the compressibility and resistance to splash by using simulated rainfall. The plonk altered the consistence limits of studied layers. For the 0-3 cm layer, the plonk reduced the friable range, and for the 60-63 cm layer the effect was in the opposite direction. For both layers, the plonk increased Dmax and decreased Uoptimum. Regardless of the plonk treatment, both layers presented the same load support capacity. The compaction degree of samples influenced the splash erosion. The increase of the applied pressure over the samples resulted in increase of splash material quantity. At the 60-63 cm layer, the plonk treatment reduced the splash material quantity by increasing the applied pressure, mainly when the samples were at field capacity.
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Food habits of jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) (Geoffroy, 1803) (Carnivora, Felidae) were studied between November 2000 and November 2001, in a 24.9 km² area of secondary Atlantic Rainforest and eucalypt plantation, in the Serra de Paranapiacaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. Analyses of 26 fecal and regurgitate samples, obtained over a stretch of 570.1 km, showed the consumption of 19 prey items and 74 prey occurrences. Small mammals were the most frequent food item (42.5%), followed by birds (21%), reptiles (14%) and medium-sized mammals (3%). The percent occurrence (PO) suggests that the diet consisted mainly of small rodents (30%) and birds (21%). We recorded for the first time the predation of Viperidae snakes by P. yagouaroundi. Although having a large list of items and range of dietary niche breadths (Bsta = 0.76), our data show that jaguarundi prey mainly on small vertebrates (mammals, birds or reptiles), and even in tall tropical forests or eucalypt plantations, it preys mostly on animals that come to, or live on, the ground.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze if female Wistar rats at 56 weeks of age are a suitable model to study osteoporosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Female rats with 6 and 36 weeks of age (n = 8 per group) were kept over a 20-week period and fed a diet for mature rodents complete in terms of Ca, phosphorous, and vitamin D. Excised femurs were measured for bone mass using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, morphometry, and biomechanical properties. The following serum mar-kers of bone metabolism were analyzed: parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin (OC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor Κappa B ligand (RANKL), C-terminal peptides of type I collagen (CTX-I), total calcium, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. RESULTS: Rats at 56 weeks of age showed important bone metabolism differences when compared with the younger group, such as, highest diaphysis energy to failure, lowest levels of OC, CTX-I, and ALP, and elevated PTH, even with adequate dietary Ca. CONCLUSION: Rats at 26-week-old rats may be too young to study age-related bone loss, whereas the 56-week-old rats may be good models to represent the early stages of age-related changes in bone metabolism.
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física