983 resultados para crianças usuárias de drogas
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O zinco é um micronutriente fundamental para as funções vitais de qualquer organismo vivo e sua deficiência em humanos pode causar alterações na expressão gênica, crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil, e proteção antioxidante. Devido à sua importância, as concentrações corporais de zinco são estritamente controladas por processos homeostáticos complexos. Este controle reflete no fato da deficiência grave de zinco ser detectada apenas após privação crônica. Embora se estime que a deficiência leve seja comum, os métodos existentes para avaliação individual do estado corporal de zinco são limitados e pouco eficazes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o zinco sérico basal e os parâmetros farmacocinéticos na determinação do estado corporal de zinco em crianças, estabelecendo relação entre esses índices. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em pesquisa do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (CEP-HUOL) e 129 crianças, eutróficas e aparentemente saudáveis, entre 6 e 9 anos de idade, foram avaliadas antes e após a suplementação oral de zinco (5 mg Zn/dia) durante 3 meses. No início e fim do período houve a administração venosa de zinco (0,06537 mg de Zn/kg de peso) em 40 destas crianças para avaliação dos parâmetros farmacocinéticos por meio de três diferentes fórmulas de clearance de zinco. Os limites do CI (95%) para o zinco sérico basal variaram entre 0,94 1,00 e 0,91 0,98 μg/mL em meninas e meninos, respectivamente. Em relação aos parâmetros farmacocinéticos, a fórmula específica para um compartimento apresentou correlação positiva com o zinco sérico após a suplementação e foi efetiva em detectar mudanças no estado corporal de zinco
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the contribution of sports activities for children participating in social programs. Method: It s dealt with in a survey of a descriptive nature. The sample was composed of 51 participants from the Project Nova Descoberta, ranging in ages from 8 to 17, males (n=29) and females (n=22). A semi-directed interview was applied with 10 items over a period of 2 consecutive years (2007-2008) with children and adolescents, besides obtaining documental data in the schools that have an agreement with the Project. Results: The performance of the participants in the groups that joined and did not join in terms of schoolwork production in the year 2007 did not present statistical differences (p<0,05). A significant difference (p<0,05) was observed in the discipline of Portuguese when compared between the groups, with a higher average for the students who joined in 2008. Discussion: In the face of the context found in social sports projects, emerges a series of indicators that contribute for a reliable evaluation. The manifestation of other characteristics in the environment could be interfering in the participation and involvement in physical activity and consequently in the health and quality of life situation of the children and adolescents. Conclusion: It was confirmed that the school work performance indicators can be taken together with other indicators, such as a development of various abilities, participation in other activities, motivation for the activities, behavior and attitudes at home and at school, for evaluation of social projects
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A hemiparesia consiste no déficit da força muscular, com consequente debilidade na mão e no pé, afetando um dos lados do corpo. A literatura mostra poucos estudos enfocando detalhadamente as funções cognitivas e emocionais de crianças afetadas por essa condição neurológica. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar avaliação neuropsicológica de 23 crianças e adolescentes, de ambos os gêneros, com idades entre 5 anos e 4 meses e 16 anos e 6 meses, com hemiparesia congênita e adquirida. Aplicou-se uma bateria de testes específica para avaliação de funções cognitivas superiores incluindo processos intelectuais, atenção, função perceptiva, função motora, praxias, gnosias, linguagem, memória e função visuomotora. Em relação aos aspectos emocionais, foi usado o teste do desenho da figura humana, visando-se a avaliação da percepção da imagem corporal dos pacientes. Os resultados mostraram que a hemiparesia da criança conduz a déficits em funções neuropsicológicas importantes, além de déficit motor e alterações na esfera emocional, mais precisamente aquelas relacionadas com a representação da imagem corporal. A abrangência multidisciplinar, envolvendo a neurologia pediátrica e a psicologia, engrandeceu o trabalho, referendando os resultados obtidos em todos os seus aspectos
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The epilepsy is one of the neurological disorders more common in the pediatric period, and which interferes significantly in the psycho and social life of children and teenagers. The objective of this study was analyzing the practice of sedentary practices, physicals, traditional infant fun and games of children and teenagers with and without epilepsy. The study was prospective, transversal descriptive, done with 60 children and teenagers with epilepsy (Epileptic Group - EG) patients from Pediatric Neurology Clinic of the Centre Integrated Health Lineu Araújo and 60 children and teenagers without epilepsy (Control Group - CG) students from municipal public school, both of the two groups paired with the same age (age group 7 to 14 years) of both the genders (female = 25/41,6% and male = 35/58,3%) of the Teresina city Piauí. It was done two pattern questionnaires, one applied to children and teenagers of the EG and CG to identify the sedentary activities, physical and traditional infant games and other to the parents/responsible of the EG about the clinical and demographic information. The results permitted the elaboration of two manuscripts: a) the first one titled The Practice of Sedentary and Physical Activities of Children and Teenagers with Epilepsy which showed significant difference in the sedentary activities of playing with car toy (p=0,021) to the EG and reading to the CG (p=0,001); in the physical activities the school physical education (p=0,001) and riding a bike (p=0,014) to the CG; b) the second one The Practice of Infant Games and Fun the children and teenagers with and without Epilepsy in this one the playing with marble presented significant difference (p=0,016) to the CG, despite the girls of the two groups don t do this activity. Observing the distribution of frequencies, it was verified that in the play catch-up and hide-and-seek and burn the EG plays more than the CG both in female and male gender. The girls of the EG play less skip, 60 while the boys of the two groups don t play. Elastic jump the girls of the two groups play in a same frequency and the boys don t participate of this fun. The seizures were found to occur during: soccer (23,3%); hide-and-seek (6,6%) and running (3,3%). In the sedentary activities, seizures were reported to occur: resting and watching TV (18,3%), sleeping (36,0%); sitting (13,3%) and lying down (11,7%). Our results showed that the epileptic group and the controls group engage in the same activities, although the epileptic group participates less than the controls. Although the EG had presented a bigger percentage of generalized attacks, they don t occur during the practice of formal physical activities. The research was developed by a multidisciplinary team, and this contributed a lot to the realization of this study
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Nas últimas décadas, houve grande aumento da prevalência de obesidade, inclusive na faixa etária pediátrica. Com isso, aumentou o número de crianças e adolescentes afetados por síndrome metabólica (SM), diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) e doenças cardiovasculares (DCV), doenças anteriormente consideradas quase exclusivas de adultos. Os objetivos do estudo foram identificar e correlacionar marcadores antropométricos (IMC- índice de massa corpórea, CA- circunferência abdominal, RCQ- razão cintura/quadril, RCArazão cintura altura e PSE- prega subescapular), PAS e PAD- pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, respectivamente, e laboratoriais (CT- colesterol total, HDL, LDL, TGL- triglicérides, I/G- razão insulina glicose, HOMA- homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance) de risco para o desenvolvimento de SM e observar a sua prevalência em crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso. Foi conduzido estudo transversal, em amostra aleatória, de conveniência, onde foram avaliadas 60 crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso, atendidas no ambulatório de endocrinologia pediátrica do Hospital de Pediatria da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) com idade mínima e máxima de 7 e 15 anos, de maio de 2009 a abril de 2010. Foram admitidos os indivíduos que apresentavam sobrepeso (IMC P > 85 e < 95) ou obesidade (IMC P > 95) (CDC, 2000) e história familiar positiva para DM2 em parentes de primeiro ou segundo grau ou algum dos sinais de resistência insulínica (acantose, hipertensão arterial, dislipidemia, síndrome de ovários policísticos). 2 O componente individual para SM mais prevalente foi o percentil da CA ≥ 90 (58,3%), seguido de HDL ≤ 40 mg/dl (36,6%). Na regressão linear simples, observaram-se as variações para mais nos parâmetros laboratoriais e de PA para cada unidade de aumento de IMC, CA, RCA, RCQ e PSE, sendo significantes as seguintes correlações: CA com TGL, HOMA IR, I/G, PAS e PAD; RCQ com TGL, HOMA, I/G, LDL e glicemia; RCA com TGL; PSE com TGL, HOMA-IR, I/G e PAS; e IMC com HOMA IR, I/G, PAS e PAD. De acordo com os critérios da IDF (Federação Internacional de Diabetes International Diabetes Federation) 2007, o diagnóstico de SM foi encontrado em seis indivíduos (10%). Do total, oito (13,3%), estavam em situação de sobrepeso e 52 (86,6%), obesos. As evidências de correlação CA e RCQ, medidas de obesidade centrípeta, com vários marcadores como TGL e HOMA, já sabidamente relacionados à SM, chamam atenção para a necessidade de utilização dessas medidas de forma mais rotineira na prática pediátrica, por serem de fácil obtenção, baixo custo e método não invasivo. Os valores de CA, RCQ, RCA e PSE, quando elevados devem justificar maior detalhamento na avaliação laboratorial de possível resistência insulínica. É importante a identificação de crianças e adolescentes que preencham os requisitos para o diagnóstico da SM, pois são indivíduos de maior risco metabólico e devem ser adequadamente acompanhados.
Efeitos da deficiência de vitamina A na função pulmonar de crianças após infecção respiratória viral
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
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Infections for intestinal parasites are one of the main morbidade causes in humans and, its relationships with socioeconomic levels and hygiene conditions in countries in development are already very established. Many works, even so, they are being accomplished to elucidate the complex interactions among nutrition, these infections and answer imunológica, because it is seen that malnutrition commits the immunity increasing the susceptibilidade for infectious diseases and these for its time can harm the state human nutricional. It is known that sponge helmínticos they stimulate synthesis of IgE so much policlonal as specific for the same ones and that IgA secretora, main imunoglobulina of defense of the mucous ones, can act against protozoa as the Giardia lamblia and against helmintos as Trichuris tichiura and Strongyloides stercorales. Some studies show that the malnutrition energy protéica influences in the production of these answers, but some authors show results divergentes. In this work it was evaluated the levels of total IgE, IgA sérica and secretora, contagem of sanguine eosinófilos, levels of proteins séricas and state nutricional, in 103 children of low socioeconomic level, to discover a correlation between those and infection for enteroparasitas. They participated in the study children of both sexes, with age of 3 to 6 years, visitors of the same creche and residents in a neighborhood with precarious hygiene conditions and basic saneamento, in the city of Christmas. The obtained results showed that the faulty environmental and socioeconomic conditions favored to a high infection frequency for enteroparasitas, mainly Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides between the helmintos and Endolimax sleep and Giárdia lamblia among the protozoa. Light malnutrition without deficit protéico was observed in 30% of the children, which didn't also present significant deficiencies of IgA sérica and secretora. The sponged children
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Studies report that the pathophysiological mechanism of diabetes complications is associated with increased production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-induced by hyperglycemia and changes in the capacity the antioxidant defense system. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the capacity of antioxidant defense system, by evaluating antioxidant status, gene expression and polymorphisms in the genes of GPx1, SOD1 and SOD2 in children, adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes. We studied 101 individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 106 normoglycemic individuals (NG) aged between 6 and 20 years. Individuals with type 1 diabetes were evaluated as a whole group and subdivided according to glycemic control in DM1G good glycemic control and DM1P poor glycemic control. Glycemic and metabolic control was evaluate by serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions (HDL and LDL). Renal function was assessed by measurement of serum urea and creatinine and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in spot urine. Antioxidant status was evaluate by content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in whole blood and the activity of erythrocyte enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). We also analyzed gene expression and gene polymorphisms of GPx1 (rs1050450), SOD1 (rs17881135) and SOD2 (rs4880) by the technique of real-time PCR (Taqman®). Most individuals with DM1 (70.3%) had poor glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin> 8%). Regarding the lipid profile, individuals with type 1 diabetes had significantly elevated total cholesterol (p <0.001) and LDL (p <0.000) compared to NG; for triglycerides only DM1NC group showed significant increase compared to NG. There was an increase in serum urea and RAC of individuals with DM1 compared to NG. Nine individuals with type 1 diabetes showed microalbuminuria (ACR> 30 mg / mg). There was a decrease in GSH content (p = 0.006) and increased erythrocyte GPx activity (p <0.001) and SOD (p <0.001) in DM1 group compared to NG. There was no significant difference in the expression of GPx1 (p = 0.305), SOD1 (.365) and SOD2 (0.385) between NG and DM1. The allele and genotype frequencies of the polymorphisms studied showed no statistically significant difference between the groups DM1 and NG. However, the GPx1 polymorphism showed the influence of erythrocyte enzyme activity. There was a decrease in GPx activity in individuals with type 1 diabetes who had a polymorphic variant T (p = 0.012). DM1 patients with the polymorphic variant G (AG + GG) for polymorphism of SOD2 (rs4880) showed an increase in the RAC (p <0.05). The combined data suggest that glucose control seems to be the predominant factor for the emergence of changes in lipid profile, renal function and antioxidant system, but the presence of the polymorphisms studied may partly contribute to the onset of complications
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This work considers the comprehension of the intrafamiliar violence emphasizing violent mothers relationships with their children. The purpose is to understand the development of these relationships which turn into aggressive behavior of the mothers regarding family education. The research was carried out focusing on two aspects: analysis of the theoretical references and empirical research. The theoretical research was done through a bibliographic survey of subjects related to this study such as: the history of the family, motherhood and children, the intrafamiliar violence practiced by mothers against their children; as well as how those violent relationships emerge from family environment. We point out the Foucault s concept of discipline (FOUCAULT, 1975) and Caldeira s concept of circumscribed body (CALDEIRA, 2000). It was selected a sample of ten women to investigate the relationship between mother and son through a detailed interviews. Five mothers from this sample were denounced to the Tutelary Council and they were set in a so called Denounced Group. Similarly, the other five mothers, who live in the same social and cultural context of the selected families assisted by the Tutelary Council, were set in the Non-Denounced Group. Therefore, we work with representations of the own interviewers about the meaning of the pedagogic socializing discipline in their lives. Our priority was the study of case carried out with the denounced families for physical violence and with the other group in order to develop a comparative analysis of both groups. Such methodological choice is explained by the interest for understanding the violence between mothers and children. It is common to all mothers not to consider aggressive their behavior against their children. We observe that physical punishment is considered a way to discipline children and teenagers, hence that is perceived as necessary to repress, to control, and to adapt them. Thus, it is considered a necessary practice for education. However, the reason that made the community denounced against the mothers of the Denounced Group was due to those did not correspond to an ideal example of what was expected to be a mother (they took drugs, alcohol, and had several sexual partners), that is denounces were not for the physical violence itself. Therefore, those mothers were not denounced because they were not morally able to manage their children s education. The community tolerates the punishment against children, but not the amorality of the women, and they were denounced for disregarding their role as mothers
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As substâncias entorpecentes acompanham a humanidade desde o início da civilização. No entanto, várias delas foram consideradas proscritas ao longo do tempo. Seu combate foi inaugurado na comunidade internacional a partir do começo do século XX. No início, tinha o condão eminentemente moral, porquanto a proibição encerrava, por princípio, a proteção da ética ameaçada pelo padrão desviado do consumo de estupefacientes. Na década de 1970, a guerra contra as drogas, expressão cunhada nesse período, evoluiu para se tornar o meio pelo qual o consumo seria mitigado. Dez anos mais tarde, ante à impossibilidade de sucumbir o narcotráfico, passou a ser um fim em si mesma o novo argumento para os esforços militares dos Estados Unidos da América. A criminalização das substâncias entorpecentes consideradas ilícitas é fundamento jurídico da guerra contra as drogas. Esse modelo proibicionista encontra argumento no direito penal do inimigo, segundo o qual o Estado pode, em situações que exponham a coletividade a grave perigo, negar à determinada categoria de criminosos (os inimigos) as garantias inerentes ao direito penal, cabendo-lhes apenas a coação estatal. Mesmo tendo consumido trilhões de dólares, encarcerado aos milhões e custado a vida de milhares de pessoas, pode-se dizer que a guerra contra as drogas não reduziu a oferta e o consumo de substâncias entorpecentes consideradas ilícitas, nem mitigou os danos delas decorrentes pelo contrário, tornou-se um problema de segurança pública. Assim, impõe-se a verificação da constitucionalidade da norma penal que fundamenta a guerra contra as drogas, sob ponderação do princípio da proporcionalidade. Referido postulado cobra que a norma seja adequada, cumprindo a finalidade pretendida, necessária, não havendo meio menos gravoso à obtenção do mesmo fim, e proporcional, estrito senso, que a sanção imposta ao indivíduo seja equivalente ao dano que se quis prevenir. Em matéria penal há de se incluir um outro elemento, a ponderar se as consequências da proibição em matéria penal, por si só, são mais graves que os consectários dos fatos que se pretendem proibir - exige-se que a lei seja socialmente menos ofensiva. A norma penal que fundamenta a guerra contra as drogas não se mostrou hábil a mitigar os danos sociais delas decorrentes sendo, por isso, inadequada. Existem meios alternativos à criminalização mais eficientes à esse objetivo, pelo que se faz desnecessária. Na medida em que estupefacientes mais nocivos à coletividade são considerados lícitos, a criminalização de drogas menos danosas se mostra desproporcional. E, uma vez que dela resultam graves danos à sociedade, não atende ao critério da menor ofensividade social. É, portanto, inconstitucional