Desenvolvimento de sistemas automáticos de alimentação e descarga de injectora de plásticos

A indústria de componentes para automóveis necessita de constante inovação, no sentido de manter a elevada competitividade, imprescindível à sobrevivência de qualquer empresa neste sector. A automação e robótica são vias incontornáveis para a prossecução dos objetivos de produtividade desejados. Mesmo dentro da automação, a evolução é constante. Para além disso, a crescente inovação nos produtos fabricados, exige também novas soluções em termos de processos de fabrico. Isto leva a que, soluções válidas até uma determinada altura, passem facilmente a obsoletas, com necessidade premente de se implementarem novos sistemas que correspondam às necessidades atuais. Este trabalho teve por base uma necessidade detetada numa empresa fabricante de acessórios para a indústria automóvel: estruturas para estofo de assento automóvel, entre muitos outros. Atualmente, a estrutura do estofo automóvel assenta numa grelha constituída por um conjunto de arames, que é agregado por uma série de tiras de plástico injetadas em seu redor. As máquinas de injeção responsáveis por este processo têm superfície de apartação horizontal, e necessitam de mão-de-obra adjacente para a colocação dos arames no molde e descarga do conjunto, na razão de uma pessoa para duas máquinas, dependendo do tempo de ciclo da injeção. O trabalho consistiu no desenvolvimento de um sistema automático de alimentação e descarga da máquina de injeção, que tivesse por base um sistema já existente, mas que passasse a comportar outras funções até agora não desempenhadas pelos sistemas antigos, ou seja, que fossem capazes de ultrapassar os problemas colocados pela complexidade atual dos produtos em fabricação. O projeto foi concluído com sucesso, tendo sido validado pela empresa FicoCables, através da construção, teste e colocação em funcionamento de vários protótipos.

Optimização da orçamentação para operações complexas de maquinagem

As operações de maquinagem de componentes tendo em vista os mais diversos sectores de actividade têm registado um crescimento sustentável em Portugal, devido a inúmeros factores como a modernização do nosso parque de equipamentos, a competitividade da nossa mão-de-obra e a qualidade patenteada pelos serviços prestados pelas nossas empresas, cada vez mais conscientes da importância que os clientes internacionais assumem na sua actividade, da necessidade de cumprimento dos compromissos estabelecidos em termos de prazo de entrega e da procura incessante de novos mercados e sectores de actividade que potenciem um valor-acrescentado mais atractivo do produto. As solicitações do mercado no sector de actividade de prestação de serviços de maquinagem são imensas, e sempre extremamente condicionadas em termos de tempo de resposta. Por outro lado, os prestadores deste tipo de serviço ficam limitados por duas situações-limite: uma orçamentação por defeito poderá conduzir a prejuízos indesejáveis, ou mesmo incomportáveis, enquanto um preço excessivamente elevado poderá afastar o possível cliente e impedir a conquista de um novo projecto. Orçamentar depressa e bem é uma operação complexa, que requer uma análise muito cuidada dos desenhos fornecidos pelo possível cliente, delinear a sequência operatória, salvaguardar as tolerâncias e tipos de acabamento pretendidos, minimizar as operações de fixação e seleccionar as melhores ferramentas para efectuar o trabalho pretendido. Este trabalho, desenvolvido para a TECNOLANEMA, empresa do Grupo LANEMA, que é especialista na produção de peças em plástico técnico e em ligas de alumínio para os mais diversos sectores de actividade, tanto em Portugal como no Estrangeiro. O trabalho desenvolvido visou criar uma aplicação informática que permitisse elaborar orçamentos de forma rápida e precisa, através de determinados factores-chave previamente estudados. O projecto foi concluído e testado com sucesso na empresa.

Strength and damage analysis of composite-aluminium adhesively-bonded single-lap joints

With the need to find an alternative way to mechanical and welding joints, and at the same time to overcome some limitations linked to these traditional techniques, adhesive bonds can be used. Adhesive bonding is a permanent joining process that uses an adhesive to bond the components of a structure. Composite materials reinforced with fibres are becoming increasingly popular in many applications as a result of a number of competitive advantages. In the manufacture of composite structures, although the fabrication techniques reduce to the minimum by means of advanced manufacturing techniques, the use of connections is still required due to the typical size limitations and design, technological and logistical aspects. Moreover, it is known that in many high performance structures, unions between composite materials with other light metals such as aluminium are required, for purposes of structural optimization. This work deals with the experimental and numerical study of single lap joints (SLJ), bonded with a brittle (Nagase Chemtex Denatite XNRH6823) and a ductile adhesive (Nagase Chemtex Denatite XNR6852). These are applied to hybrid joints between aluminium (AL6082-T651) and carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP; Texipreg HS 160 RM) adherends in joints with different overlap lengths (LO) under a tensile loading. The Finite Element (FE) Method is used to perform detailed stress and damage analyses allowing to explain the joints’ behaviour and the use of cohesive zone models (CZM) enables predicting the joint strength and creating a simple and rapid design methodology. The use of numerical methods to simulate the behaviour of the joints can lead to savings of time and resources by optimizing the geometry and material parameters of the joints. The joints’ strength and failure modes were highly dependent on the adhesive, and this behaviour was successfully modelled numerically. Using a brittle adhesive resulted in a negligible maximum load (Pm) improvement with LO. The joints bonded with the ductile adhesive showed a nearly linear improvement of Pm with LO.

Kitchen robot prod. line development. Proj. of Bowden cables cutting and thermal forming machine.

This document presents particular description of work done during student’s internship in PR Metal company realized as ERASMUS PROJECT at ISEP. All information including company’s description and its structure, overview of the problems and analyzed cases, all stages of projects from concept to conclusion can be found here. Description of work done during the internship is divided here into two pieces. First part concerns one activities of the company which is robotic chefs (kitchen robot) production line. Work, that was done for development of this line involved several tasks, among them: creating a single-worker montage station for screwing robots housing’s parts, improve security system for laser welding chamber, what particularly consists in designing automatically closing door system with special surface, that protects against destructive action of laser beam, test station for examination of durability of heating connectors, solving problem with rotors vibrations. Second part tells about main task, realized in second half of internship and stands a complete description of machine development and design. The machine is a part of car handle latch cable production line and its tasks are: cutting cable to required length and hot-forming plastic cover for further assembly needs.

INVESTIGATION OF BIOFILM FORMATION IN COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI ISOLATED FROM PLATELET CONCENTRATE BAGS

Platelet Concentrates (PCs) are the blood components with the highest rate of bacterial contamination, and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the most frequently isolated contaminants. This study investigated the biofilm formation of 16 contaminated units out of 691 PCs tested by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Adhesion in Borosilicate Tube (ABT) and Congo Red Agar (CRA) tests were used to assess the presence of biofilm. The presence of icaADC genes was assessed by means of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. With Vitek(r)2, Staphylococcus haemolyticus was considered the most prevalent CoNS (31.25%). The CRA characterized 43.8% as probable biofilm producers, and for the ABT test, 37.5%. The icaADC genes were identified in seven samples by the PCR. The ABT technique showed 85.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity when compared to the reference method (PCR), and presented strong agreement (k = 0.8). This study shows that species identified as PCs contaminants are considered inhabitants of the normal skin flora and they might become important pathogens. The results also lead to the recommendation of ABT use in laboratory routine for detecting biofilm in CoNS contaminants of PCs.

Printed electronics for ubiquitous computing applications

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Química

An application of reliability-based robustness assessment of steel moment resisting frame structures under post-mainshock cascading events

The paper presented herein proposes a reliability-based framework for quantifying the structural robustness considering the occurrence of a major earthquake (mainshock) and subsequent cascading hazard events, such as aftershocks that are triggered by the mainshock. These events can significantly increase the probability of failure of buildings, especially for structures that are damaged during the mainshock. The application of the proposed framework is exemplified through three numerical case studies. The case studies correspond to three SAC steel moment frame buildings of 3-, 9-, and 20- stories, which were designed to pre-Northridge codes and standards. Twodimensional nonlinear finite element models of the buildings are developed using the Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation framework (OpenSees), using a finite-length plastic hinge beam model and a bilinear constitutive law with deterioration, and are subjected to multiple mainshock-aftershock seismic sequences. For the three buildings analyzed herein, it is shown that the structural reliability under a single seismic event can be significantly different from that under a sequence of seismic events. The reliability-based robustness indicator used shows that the structural robustness is influenced by the extent by which a structure can distribute damage.

Lean performance measures in a supply chain

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial

Comparative effects of sediments contaminated by carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic PAHs in Dicentrarchus labrax: a semi-quantitative histopathological approach

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente

Toxicological effects of a pharmaceutical, simvastatin, in Gammarus locusta: histopathological evaluation

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente

Study on the valorization routes of ashes from thermoelectric power plants working under mono-and co-combustion regimes

Thesis submitted to obtain the Doctoral degree in Energy and Bioenergy

Fast screening for diagnostic of heart ischemic episodes

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Química Sustentável

Internationalization project - Logoplaste in the Turkish market

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Logoplaste: Internationalization to South Africa through flexible packaging

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Amorphous silicon e 3D sensors applied to object detection

Nowadays, existing 3D scanning cameras and microscopes in the market use digital or discrete sensors, such as CCDs or CMOS for object detection applications. However, these combined systems are not fast enough for some application scenarios since they require large data processing resources and can be cumbersome. Thereby, there is a clear interest in exploring the possibilities and performances of analogue sensors such as arrays of position sensitive detectors with the final goal of integrating them in 3D scanning cameras or microscopes for object detection purposes. The work performed in this thesis deals with the implementation of prototype systems in order to explore the application of object detection using amorphous silicon position sensors of 32 and 128 lines which were produced in the clean room at CENIMAT-CEMOP. During the first phase of this work, the fabrication and the study of the static and dynamic specifications of the sensors as well as their conditioning in relation to the existing scientific and technological knowledge became a starting point. Subsequently, relevant data acquisition and suitable signal processing electronics were assembled. Various prototypes were developed for the 32 and 128 array PSD sensors. Appropriate optical solutions were integrated to work together with the constructed prototypes, allowing the required experiments to be carried out and allowing the achievement of the results presented in this thesis. All control, data acquisition and 3D rendering platform software was implemented for the existing systems. All these components were combined together to form several integrated systems for the 32 and 128 line PSD 3D sensors. The performance of the 32 PSD array sensor and system was evaluated for machine vision applications such as for example 3D object rendering as well as for microscopy applications such as for example micro object movement detection. Trials were also performed involving the 128 array PSD sensor systems. Sensor channel non-linearities of approximately 4 to 7% were obtained. Overall results obtained show the possibility of using a linear array of 32/128 1D line sensors based on the amorphous silicon technology to render 3D profiles of objects. The system and setup presented allows 3D rendering at high speeds and at high frame rates. The minimum detail or gap that can be detected by the sensor system is approximately 350 μm when using this current setup. It is also possible to render an object in 3D within a scanning angle range of 15º to 85º and identify its real height as a function of the scanning angle and the image displacement distance on the sensor. Simple and not so simple objects, such as a rubber and a plastic fork, can be rendered in 3D properly and accurately also at high resolution, using this sensor and system platform. The nip structure sensor system can detect primary and even derived colors of objects by a proper adjustment of the integration time of the system and by combining white, red, green and blue (RGB) light sources. A mean colorimetric error of 25.7 was obtained. It is also possible to detect the movement of micrometer objects using the 32 PSD sensor system. This kind of setup offers the possibility to detect if a micro object is moving, what are its dimensions and what is its position in two dimensions, even at high speeds. Results show a non-linearity of about 3% and a spatial resolution of < 2µm.