Demographic trends in suicide in the UK and Ireland 1980 - 2010.

Background Ireland has the 17th highest suicide rate in the EU and the 4th highest among 15 to 24-year-old males (WHO 2012). Suicide is the leading cause of death in this age group; death by hanging accounted for 69 % of suicides in 2010. Methods This study examines youth suicide rates from 1980 to 2010 in Ireland and compares them to the rates in Northern Ireland, Scotland, England and Wales. Irish data were obtained from the Central Statistics Office and their annual reports on Vital Statistics. Northern Irish data were obtained from the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency website; Scottish data were from the General Register Office for Scotland and English/Welsh data from the Office for National Statistics website. Results There has been a threefold increase in young male suicide in Ireland over the past three decades (8.9 - 29.7 per 100,000). In contrast, there has been approximately a threefold reduction in deaths by road traffic accidents in young men in the same period (42.7 - 16.2 per 100,000). Suicide rates in young men are similar in Scotland and Northern Ireland for the same period but are 50 % lower in England and Wales. Despite the rates of hanging as a method of suicide increasing in all jurisdictions, the overall rate in England and Wales has continued to decline. Conclusion The suicide rate in Ireland remains very high and strategies to address this are urgently required. Our study indicates that national suicide prevention strategies can be effective.

Health, ageing migrants and care strategies

This article is the result of a study that seeks to understand the relationship between socio-economic conditions, health and active ageing. Behaviours related to active ageing in relation to health were identified as were the strategies used in active ageing and their determinants. A qualitative methodology was adopted in the form of semi-structured interviews. Data processing consisted of thematic content analysis in interviews. Two socio-economic groups of elderly Cape Verdean men and women composed the study sample. Both groups totalled 22 cases. Findings indicated that the socio-economic status interferes directly in the affairs of active ageing rather than health issues. In the higher socio-economic group, it was found that status determines active ageing rather than health issues.

A Esperança e a Qualidade de Vida na Terceira Idade

Enquadramento: A problemática do envelhecimento tem assumido, nos últimos anos, uma crescente importância na consciência colectiva da população, tornando-se cada vez mais importante compreender a população idosa e a sua realidade de modo a melhorar a sua Qualidade de Vida. Aliado à Qualidade de vida e ao envelhecimento torna-se importante o estudo da Esperança entendida como um traço cognitivo onde estão englobadas as crenças positivas relativas à capacidade para a realização dos objectivos pessoais. Objectivos: Identificar a Esperança e a Qualidade de Vida dos Idosos, bem como a relação entre estas, e as variáveis sociais e demográficas dos dois grupos de idosos. Métodos: O modelo de investigação adoptado é do tipo quantitativo, não experimental, e correlacional. Participaram neste estudo 100 idosos, residentes no concelho da Batalha, distrito de Leiria, divididos em dois grupos: idosos a residir em dois lares de terceira idade (n=50) e idosos a residir na comunidade (n=50). A maioria dos idosos (69%) é do sexo feminino, com uma média de idades de 84,38 anos. Os dados foram colhidos através de um questionário composto por um grupo de questões sociodemográficas, por uma Escala da Esperança (versão portuguesa), e por uma Grelha de Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida dos Idosos, da Direcção Geral de Saúde. Resultados: Neste estudo, não foram encontradas diferenças entre grupos (institucionalizados e não institucionalizados) para os níveis de Esperança, contudo no que se refere à relação das variáveis sociodemográficas foram encontradas significâncias para o estado de saúde, número de filhos e preocupação da família. Considerando a Qualidade de Vida constatámos que os idosos que residem na comunidade têm melhor Qualidade de vida que os institucionalizados, e que esta significância também se verifica para a maioria das variáveis, excepto para o sexo e a idade. Encontrámos ainda correlações entre as variáveis dependentes, indicando que a maiores níveis da Esperança correspondem níveis de Qualidade de Vida superiores nos idosos da amostra. / Background Ageing has taken in recent years, a growing importance in the collective consciousness of the population, becoming increasingly important to understand the elderly population and its reality in order to improve their quality of life. Allied to the quality of life and aging, becomes important to study the Hope, understood as a cognitive trait where they are included positive beliefs regarding the ability to achieve personal goals. Goals: To investigate the relationship between Hope and Quality of Life and social and demographic variables of two groups of elderly. Methods:The research model adopted is a quantitative, non-experimental and correlational. Participated in this study 100 elderly residents in Batalha, Leiria, divided into two groups: the elderly living into nursing homes(n=50) and older living in the community (n = 50). Most seniors (69%) are female, with an average age of 84.38 years. Data were collected through a questionnaire composed of a set of demographic questions, a Hope Scale (Portuguese version), and an Evaluation Grid of Quality of Life for Older Persons, design by the Portuguese General Health Direction. Results: In this study, were not found differences between groups (institutionalized and community) to the levels of hope, however with regard to the relationship of sociodemographic variables were found significance for the health status, number of children and family concern. Considering the quality of life we have found that elderly people living in the community have a better quality of life that the institutionalized, and that this significance is also observed for most variables except for sex and age. Also found correlations between the dependent variables, indicating that higher levels of Hope levels correspond to higher quality of life in the elderly sample.

Exploring associations between violent discipline and aggressive behavior in children ages 4-5 in The Republic of Nicaragua: A secondary data analysis of the 2011 Demographic and Health Survey

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Tackling Ageing Continence through Theory, Tools & Technology (TACT3)

The complexity of issues surrounding continence management, have been investigated by a UK multi-disciplinary research team working under the project title Tackling Ageing Continence through Theory Tools and Technology (TACT3). The team comprising engineers, chemists, health researchers, designers and social anthropologists is funded by the New Dynamics of Ageing Programme, ‘a seven year multidisciplinary research initiative with the ultimate aim of improving quality of life of older people. The programme is a unique collaboration between five UK Research Councils , and is the largest and most ambitious research programme on ageing ever mounted in the UK’ (www.newdynamics.group.shef.ac.uk). The TACT3 project comprises four work packages that are individually managed by members of the research team. One work package focuses solely on knowledge transfer of the research outputs and the management of the overall project. Another work package, entitled ‘Challenging Environmental Barriers’ has focused on the barriers in the built environment that prevent older people with continence concerns from participating in wider social life, namely access to publicly available toilet facilities. We also have a work package entitled ‘Improving Continence Interventions and Services’ which is exploring patient, carer and service providers experiences in receiving and delivering National Health Service (NHS) continence management treatments. The fourth workpackage ‘Developing Assistive Technologies’ has worked with users to develop devices that promote confidence, improve health and therefore may facilitate greater social interaction for older people with continence management concerns.

The Ingenuity of Ageing

What can a remarkable community of 6,000 retired academics living on the campus of Tsinghua University, Beijing, tell us about strategies for ‘ageing well’ in societies around the world? The Ingenuity of Ageing tells the story of an experimental piece of design research carried out by Dr Yanki Lee, a research fellow in the Helen Hamlyn Centre for Design at the Royal College of Art, who spent a year in China investigating new approaches to design for ageing. Supported by a UK-China Fellowship of Excellence funded by the Department of Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS), Dr Yanki Lee’s post-Doctoral study combines the techniques of reflexive ethnography and action research in order to challenge conventional thinking about the designer as expert and propose an alternative, participatory model of social interaction and innovation through which the ingenuity of older people can be revealed.

“Medical bag for General Practice” Just in Case: redesigning the doctor’s bag (2012)

This research addressed practice related problems from a medico-legal perspective and aims to provide a working tool that aids GPs to comply with best practice protocols. The resulting bag was developed in collaboration with General Practitioners, clinicians and members of the Medical Defense Union. Using proven methods developed within the Healthcare & Patient Safety Lab (e.g. DOME, Ambulance) to establish an evidence-based brief, this research used task, equipment and consumables analysis to determine minimum requirements and preferred layouts for task optimisation. The research established that clinicians require three distinct functions in their workspace: laying out, organisation and information retrieval. Feedback from clinicians indicates that this working tool allows them to access information and equipment wherever they may be and suggests an improvement from current practice. The research is now into a second year where the design of the bag will be refined and tested. Lifestyle and demographic changes such as the ageing population and increased prevalence of chronic diseases require more consistent standards of primary care, and care that is well coordinated and integrated (Imison, et al., 2011). Many guidelines exist relating to general practice and the doctor’s bag (NSLMC, 2008, RACGP, 2010, RCGP, 2008 and Hiramanek, 2004), however there is no standard in the UK that regulates the shape and materials of the bag or its contents. Doctors may use any sort of vessel to transport their equipment and consumables to a patient’s location. Furthermore, treating a patient in their own home, outside an ideal clinical environment, presents its own complications. A looks-like, works-like bag prototype and information system that will be used in clinical trials, the results of which will determine the manufacturing of a new, standardised bag for clinical treatment used by members of the Medical Defence Union.

Ageing and Imperial Mobility in the British Novel, 1845–1945

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08

Foreclosure Counseling with Latino Households: Policy Assumptions in a Changing Demographic Landscape

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08

Transcriptome-Wide Mapping of Pea Seed Ageing Reveals a Pivotal Role for Genes Related to Oxidative Stress and Programmed Cell Death

Understanding of seed ageing, which leads to viability loss during storage, is vital for ex situ plant conservation and agriculture alike. Yet the potential for regulation at the transcriptional level has not been fully investigated. Here, we studied the relationship between seed viability, gene expression and glutathione redox status during artificial ageing of pea (Pisum sativum) seeds. Transcriptome-wide analysis using microarrays was complemented with qRT-PCR analysis of selected genes and a multilevel analysis of the antioxidant glutathione. Partial degradation of DNA and RNA occurred from the onset of artificial ageing at 60% RH and 50 degrees C, and transcriptome profiling showed that the expression of genes associated with programmed cell death, oxidative stress and protein ubiquitination were altered prior to any sign of viability loss. After 25 days of ageing viability started to decline in conjunction with progressively oxidising cellular conditions, as indicated by a shift of the glutathione redox state towards more positive values (>-190 mV). The unravelling of the molecular basis of seed ageing revealed that transcriptome reprogramming is a key component of the ageing process, which influences the progression of programmed cell death and decline in antioxidant capacity that ultimately lead to seed viability loss.

Biological ageing and colorectal cancer: fetuin A, sirtuins and telomeres at the interface between inflammation, metabolism and cancer

Colorectal cancer is a common, age-associated disease with significant comorbidity and mortality. Biomarkers of ageing may have prognostic or predictive value in colorectal cancer. Fetuin A, members of the sirtuin family of proteins and telomeres have shown promise as potential biomarkers of ageing. AIM: To evaluate these potential biomarkers in the context of colorectal cancer. METHODS: Two cohorts of patients were used. Telomere length was measured in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL), and for a subset of patients, in normal colorectal and colorectal tumour tissue. Serum fetuin A was measured for these patients and data on clinico-pathological factors of accepted significance in colorectal cancer was collected prospectively. Telomere length in the matched samples of leukocytes, normal colorectal and colorectal tumour tissue was compared. Associations between telomere length in the different tissues, serum fetuin A and clinico-pathological factors of accepted significance in colorectal cancer were evaluated. A systematic review of the literature was performed to examine the evidence for correlation between telomere length in different tissues in humans. Tissue from colorectal tumours from the second cohort patients was mounted in a tissue microarray (TMA) and stained for sirtuin proteins (SIRT2-SIRT7). This TMA also contained tissue from a subset of matched samples of adjacent normal colorectal mucosa. Staining of normal colorectal and colorectal tumour tissue was evaluated by the weighted Histoscore method and compared. The effect of staining in tumour tissue on cancer-specific survival was examined. Associations between Histoscores and clinico-pathological factors of accepted significance in colorectal cancer were assessed. RESULTS: Systematic review of the literature did not show robust evidence of correlation between telomere length in different tissues in humans. Telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes did not show correlation with telomere length in normal colorectal mucosa, or in colorectal tumour tissue. PBL telomere length was potentially related to the presence of distant metastases. Fetuin A was inversely associated with markers of systemic inflammation and with T stage. Novel nuclear localisation was described for SIRT4 and SIRT5. Protein expression of the sirtuins was reduced in tumour tissue in comparison to normal colorectal mucosa, apart from SIRT3 cytoplasmic and nuclear and SIRT6 nuclear stainng. Lowest and highest quartile SIRT2 expression was associated with worse survival. Sirtuin protein expression levels and localisation correlate with increased systemic inflammation and pathological markers of poor prognosis in tumour tissue. Intercorrelations between sirtuin expression levels in normal tissue are not seen in tumour tissue, possibly indicating a breakdown of signalling and control.

Characterization of sea water ageing effects on mechanical properties of carbon/epoxy composites for tidal turbine blades

In recent years, many tidal turbine projects have been developed using composites blades. Tidal turbine blades are subject to ocean forces and sea water aggressions, and the reliability of these components is crucial to the profitability of ocean energy recovery systems. The majority of tidal turbine developers have preferred carbon/epoxy blades, so there is a need to understand how prolonged immersion in the ocean affects these composites. In this study the long term behaviour of different carbon/epoxy composites has been studied using accelerated ageing tests. A significant reduction of composite strengths has been observed after saturation of water in the material. For longer immersions only small further changes in these properties occur. No significant changes have been observed for moduli nor for composite toughness. The effect of sea water ageing on damage thresholds and kinetics has been studied and modelled. After saturation, the damage threshold is modified while kinetics of damage development remain the same.

Treino cognitivo em idosos sem diagnóstico de demência institucionalizados : impacto de um programa de estimulação cognitiva (PEC)

Trabalho de Projeto apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Gerontologia Social.

Investimento na vida pessoal da pessoa idosa institucionalizada

Enquadramento: Nas últimas décadas, tem-se assistido a um envelhecimento populacional crescente e a um progressivo aumento da institucionalização dos idosos. A institucionalização representa frequentemente para o idoso uma rutura com o seu passado, levando à perda da sua individualidade e consequentemente a um processo de isolamento que poderá contribuir para níveis elevados de insatisfação com a vida. O Investimento na vida pessoal remete-nos para a valorização e atribuição de objetivos de vida ao ser humano, naquela que é a última etapa da sua vida, em todos os seus atributos e caraterísticas, inclusive na sua complexa estrutura física, intelectual e espiritual. Objetivos: Avaliar o nível de Investimento na vida pessoal percecionado pelos idosos institucionalizados e analisar a sua relação com as variáveis socio demográficas, clínicas, e psicossociais. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo não experimental, transversal, descritivo-correlacional e de caráter quantitativo, que foi realizado numa amostra não probabilística por conveniência, constituída por 90 pessoas idosas a residir nas ERPI do concelho de Vila Nova de Paiva. Para a mensuração das variáveis utilizou-se um instrumento de colheita de dados que integra uma secção de caraterização sócio demográfica, e uma secção de caraterização clínico-funcional (índice de Barthel), caraterização familiar (Escala de Apgar Familiar) e situacional, lazer (Índice de Atividades de Lazer), espiritualidade (Escala da Espiritualidade), perceção da vida atual (Escala de Satisfação com a Vida) e futura, e por fim a Escala de Avaliação de Investimento na Vida Pessoal. Resultados: Os dados mostram que a perceção dos idosos sobre o investimento na sua vida pessoal se distribui de uma forma relativamente equitativa por três níveis. Contudo, o maior grupo percentual (37,8%) perceciona o seu investimento como elevado, enquanto 32,2% o entende como baixo e o grupo mais reduzido (30,0%) o considera moderado. A análise por género mostra que os homens tendem a avaliar o investimento de uma forma mais positiva que as mulheres; também os idosos com habilitações académicas superiores (p= 0,041) e com maior nível de independência funcional (p= 0,037) são os que percecionam um maior investimento na vida pessoal. Constatamos ainda que a família tem um efeito significativo (p= 0,020) no nível do investimento na vida do idoso, à semelhança da existência de mais esperança (p= 0,002), maior satisfação com a vida (p= 0,013) e do desenvolvimento de planos para o futuro (p= 0,032). Conclusão: As evidências encontradas neste estudo mostram que há níveis diferenciados de Investimento na vida pessoal entre os idosos. Este Investimento correlaciona-se de forma significativa com diversas variáveis independentes que depois de devidamente identificadas devem ser promovidas para assegurar aos idosos um envelhecimento ativo e com qualidade. As competências atribuídas ao enfermeiro especialista em reabilitação são de uma mais-valia inegualável no desenvolvimento do referido envelhecimento com qualidade, quando inserido numa equipa multidisciplinar, nas Estruturas Residenciais Para Idosos. Palavras-chave: idosos, institucionalização, satisfação com a vida, investimento na vida pessoal.