Preparation and characterization of poly(ethyl acrylate)/bentonite nanocomposites by in situ emulsion polymerization

Transparent poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA)/bentonite nanocomposites containing intercalated-exfoliated combinatory structures of clay were synthesized by in situ emulsion polymerizations in aqueous dispersions containing bentonite. The samples for characterization were prepared through direct-forming films of the resulting emulsions without coagulation and separation. An examination with X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy showed that intercalated and exfoliated structures of clay coexisted in the PEA/bentonite nanocomposites. The measurements of mechanical properties showed that PEA properties were greatly improved, with the tensile strength and modulus increasing from 0.65 and 0.24 to 11.16 and 88.41 MPa, respectively. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed a very marked improvement of the storage modulus above the glass-transition temperature. In addition, because of the uniform dispersion of silicate layers in the PEA matrix, the barrier properties of the materials were dramatically improved. The permeability coefficient of water vapor decreased from 30.8 x 10(-6) to 8.3 x 10(-6) g cm/cm(2)s cmHg. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

STRUCTURE OF AN ERBIUM COORDINATION COMPOUND WITH L-PROLINE, ([ER(PRO)2(H2O)5]CL3)(N)

catena-Poly[{pentaaqua(L-proline-O)-erbium-mu-(L-proline-O:O')} trichloride], {[Er(C5H9-NO2)2(H2O)5]Cl3}n, M(r) = 594.0, monoclinic, P2(1), a = 8.294 (1), b = 10.981 (3), c = 11.934 (3) angstrom, beta = 107.04 (2)degrees, V = 1039.2 (4) angstrom3, Z = 2, D(x) = 1.90 g cm-3, lambda(Mo Kalpha) = 0.71069 angstrom, mu = 45.2 cm-1, F(000) = 586, T = 298 K, R = 0.0244 for 1711 unique reflections [I > 3 sigma(I(o))]. The crystal consists of one-dimensional chains of infinite length in which one L-proline ligand bridges two neighboring Er ions, the other L-proline ligand being monodentate.

钆对二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱脂质体相变性质的影响

随着稀土在农业、药物等方面的应用日益广泛,特别是钆的二乙三胺五乙酸配合物(Gd-DTPA)已被临床应用于核磁共振成像的造影剂等,因此研究稀土在生物体内的作用机理,已成为当前极感兴趣的课题,虽然有关稀土的宏观毒理学已有不少报道,但是研究稀土对生物膜的影响报道很少,钆对生物膜的作用尚未见报道,稀土离子和钙离子在体内的竞争亦是人们关心的问题,本文采用差示扫描量热(DSC)、激光拉曼技术研究了钆离子及Gd-DTPA等对人工膜二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)脂质体相变性质的影响,并观察了Gd~(3+)对人工膜上结合钙的取代作用。

Urceolatin, a structurally unique bromophenol from Polysiphonia urceolata

6-Bromo-1-(3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)phenanthro[4,5-bcd]furan-2,3,5-triol (urceolatin, 1), a highly oxygenated bromophenol containing an unprecedented naturally occurring benzylphenanthro[4,5-bcd]furan unit, was isolated from the marine red alga Polysiphonia urceolata. Its structure was established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compound 1 displayed significant DPPH radical-scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 7.9 mu M, which is 10-fold more potent than that of the positive control, butylated hydroxytoluene.

Seeding nets with neutral spores of the red alga Porphyra umbilicalis (L.) Kutzing for use in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA)

Nets in traditional Porphyra mariculture are seeded with conchospores derived from the conchocelis phase, and spend a nursery period in culture tanks or calm coastal waters until they reach several centimeters in length. Some species of Porphyra can regenerate the foliose phase directly through asexual reproduction, which suggests that the time, infrastructure, and costs associated with conchocelis culture might be avoided by seeding nets with asexual spores. Here, we present work from a short-term mariculture study using nets seeded with asexual spores (neutral spores) of a native Maine species of Porphyra. Porphyra umbilicalis (L.) Kutzing was selected for this proof of concept research because of its reproductive biology, abundance across seasons in Maine, and evidence of its promise as a mariculture crop. We studied the maturation, release, and germination of the neutral spores to develop an appropriate seeding protocol for nets, followed by development of a nursery raceway to provide an easily manipulated environment for the seeded nets. Neutral spores were produced throughout the year on the central Maine coast,however, there was a temporal variability in the number and survival of released neutral spores, depending upon thallus position in the intertidal zone. Small thalli were strictly vegetative, but most thalli reproduced by neutral spores- sexual reproduction was absent. Neutral spores germinated quickly at 10 and 15 'C, but germination was delayed at 5 degrees C. Unlike some algal zygotes and spores, neutral spores of R umbilicalis required light to germinate; however, irradiances of 25 and 100 mu mol photons M-2 S-1 were equally sufficient for germination. Rafts of seeded nets were deployed in Cobscook Bay, Maine, at two distances from salmon aquaculture pens and at a control site on a nearby, fallow aquaculture site (no salmon). There was no difference in nitrogen content of harvested thalli; however, both the density and the surface area of harvested thalli were different among the sites. The possible causes of these differences are discussed in the context of potential use of P umbilicalis in IMTA. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Seasonal and spatial distribution of matrix-bound phosphine and its relationship with the environment in the Changjiang River Estuary, China

Sediment is commonly considered as a source of phosphine, which is a highly toxic and reactive atmospheric trace gas. This study aims to investigate the seasonal and spatial distribution of matrix-bound phosphine (MBP) and its relationship with the environment in the Changjiang River Estuary. A total of 43 surface sediments were collected in four seasons of 2006, and concentrations of MBP and relative environmental factors were analyzed. MBP ranged from 1.93 to 94.86 ng kg(-1) dry weight (dw) with an average concentration of 17.14 ng kg(-1) dw. The concentrations of MBP in the tipper estuary were, higher than those in the lower estuary, which could be attributed to greater pollutant inputs in the upper estuary. The concentrations of MBP also varied with season, with November > August > May > February. Significant correlations existed between MBP and total phosphorus (TP), organic phosphorus (OP), inorganic phosphorus (W), organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), the grain size, and redox potential (Eh), suggesting that these sedimentary environmental characteristics played an important role in controlling the MBP levels in the sediments. Notably, there were positive linear relationships between the concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), TP, and chlorophyll a (Chl a) in bottom water and MBP in sediments. These relationships might be very complicated and need further exploration. This work is the first comprehensive study of the seasonal and spatial distribution of MBP in sediments and its relationships with environmental factors in a typical estuary, and will lead to deeper understanding of the phosphorus (P) biogeochemical cycle. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

总线桥:概念、方法和实现

在基于不同总线标准的个人计算机、工程工作站以及一些工业控制机间建立高速的并行通信通道,将它们构成多机系统,能够以较小的代价获得增强的系统特性.本文引入了一种在系统总线间提供并行数据通道的异种总线互连底板——总线桥的概念,讨论了它的结构和工作原理,提出了其实现方案,并着重描述了为总线桥定义的双向并行通讯协议 BBP(Bus Bridge Prtocol)

塔里木地块奥陶纪古地磁新结果及其构造意义

The Tarim Block is located between the Tianshan Mountains in the north and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the south and is one of three major Precambrian cratonic blocks of China. Obviously, the Paleozoic paleogeographic position and tectonic evolution for the Tarim Block are very important not only for the study of the formation and evolution of the Altaids, but also for the investigation of the distributions of Paleozoic marine oil and gas in the Tarim Basin. According to the distributions of Paleozoic strata and suface outcrops in the Tarim Block, the Aksu-Keping-Bachu area in the northwestern part of the Tarim Block were selected for Ordovician paleomagnetic studies. A total of 432 drill-core samples form 44 sampling sites were collected and the samples comprise mainly limestones, argillaceous limestones and argillaceous sandstones Based on systematic study of rock magnetism and paleomagnetism, all the samples could be divided into two types: the predominant magnetic minerals of the first type are hematite and subordinate magnetite. For the specimens from this type, characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) could generally be isolated by demagnetization temperatures larger than 600℃; we assigned this ChRM as component A; whilst magnetite is the predominant magnetic mineral of the second type; progressive demagnetization yielded another ChRM (component B) with unblocking temperatures of 550-570℃. The component A obtained from the majority of Ordovician specimens has dual polarity and a negative fold test result; we interpreted it as a remagnetization component acquired during the Cenozoic period. The component B can only be isolated from some Middle-Late Ordovician specimens with unique normal polarity, and has a positive fold test result at 95% confidence. The corresponding paleomagnetic pole of this characteristic component is at 40.7°S, 183.3°E with dp/dm = 4.8°/6.9° and is in great difference with the available post-Late Paleozoic paleopoles for the Tarim Block, indicating that the characteristic component B could be primary magnetization acquired in the formation of the rocks. The new Ordovician paleomagnetic result shows that the Tarim Block was located in the low- to intermediate- latitude regions of the Southern Hemisphere during the Middle-Late Ordovician period, and is very likely to situate, together with the South China Block, in the western margin of the Australian-Antarctic continents of East Gondwana. However, it may have experienced a large northward drift and clockwise rotation after the Middle-Late Ordovician period, which resulted in the separation of the Tarim Block from the East Gondwanaland and subsequent crossing of the paleo-equator; by the Late Carboniferous period the Tarim Block may have accreted to the southern margin of the Altaids.

中国天山过去43年大气环境变化：来自冰芯草酸根记录的证据

中、低纬度地区山地冰川有机酸记录的研究是目前国际冰芯地球化学研究的前沿之一。中国天山乌鲁木齐河源一号冰川为一中纬度山地冰川。对其冰芯的草酸根含量的分析显示，其冰芯所记录的过去43年草酸根变化的总体特征是在一个背景值基础上存在着含量的突变峰值。草酸根的背景值含量在1ng／g左右，在部分冰芯段，其含量甚至低于测试分析的检测限；而大多数草酸根峰值的含量都达到或超过了10ng／g。草酸根的平均含量为3．6±9．2ng／g(x^-±1σ，N=534)，其中70％以上由峰值构成。50年代后期是草酸根的一个低值期，平均含量略高于本底值；至60-70年代达到最高值，平均含量为5．0ng／g；80年代草酸根平均含量又下降到接近50年代后期的水平；至90年代回落到本底值附近。草酸根的主要来源是人类活动对大气所造成的污染。其过去43年平均含量的变化大致与中国西部工业和环境保护事业的发展历程相一致，是西部区域大气污染变化的一种反应。

Restructuring Sparse High Dimensional Data for Effective Retrieval

The task in text retrieval is to find the subset of a collection of documents relevant to a user's information request, usually expressed as a set of words. Classically, documents and queries are represented as vectors of word counts. In its simplest form, relevance is defined to be the dot product between a document and a query vector--a measure of the number of common terms. A central difficulty in text retrieval is that the presence or absence of a word is not sufficient to determine relevance to a query. Linear dimensionality reduction has been proposed as a technique for extracting underlying structure from the document collection. In some domains (such as vision) dimensionality reduction reduces computational complexity. In text retrieval it is more often used to improve retrieval performance. We propose an alternative and novel technique that produces sparse representations constructed from sets of highly-related words. Documents and queries are represented by their distance to these sets. and relevance is measured by the number of common clusters. This technique significantly improves retrieval performance, is efficient to compute and shares properties with the optimal linear projection operator and the independent components of documents.

Exercise training can induce cardiac autophagy at end-stage chronic conditions: Insights from a graft-versus-host-disease mouse model

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a frequent cause of morbimortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), and severely compromises patients' physical capacity. Despite the aggressive nature of the disease, aerobic exercise training can positively impact survival as well as clinical and functional parameters. We analyzed potential mechanisms underlying the recently reported cardiac function improvement in an exercise-trained cGVHD murine model receiving lethal total body irradiation and immunosuppressant treatment (Fiuza-Luces et al., 2013. Med Sci Sports Exerc 45, 1703-1711). We hypothesized that a cellular quality-control mechanism that is receiving growing attention in biomedicine, autophagy, was involved in such improvement. Our results suggest that exercise training elicits a positive autophagic adaptation in the myocardium that may help preserve cardiac function even at the end-stage of a devastating disease like cGVHD. These preliminary findings might provide new insights into the cardiac exercise benefits in chronic/debilitating conditions.

Desire Amongst the Dodgems: Alain Platel and the Scene of Seduction

Kear, Adrian, 'Desire Amongst the Dodgems: Alain Platel and the Scene of Seduction', In: Contemporary Theatres in Europe: A Critical Companion, Joe Kelleher and Nicholas Ridout (eds), (New York: Routledge), pp.106-119, 2006 RAE2008

Proteomic analysis of the larval stage of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus: causative agent of cystic hydatid disease

Gustavo Chemale, Arjan J. van Rossum, James R. Jefferies, John Barrett, Peter M. Brophy, Henrique B. Ferreira, Arnaldo Zaha (2003). Proteomic analysis of the larval stage of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus: causative agent of cystic hydatid disease. Proteomics, 3(8), 1633-1636. Sponsorship: CNPq / PADCT/CNPq / FAPERGS (Brazil)/ BBSRC (UK) RAE2008

Teatro historico de las Iglesias del Reyno de Aragon : tomo primero preliminar [-IX]

En Tomo V. 2 h. de grabados calcográficos representando monedas de Huesca.