High Power 808nm AlGaAs/GaAs Quantum Well Laser Diodes with Broad Waveguide

The 808nm laser diodes with a broad waveguide are designed and fabricated. The thickness of the Al_(0.35)-Ga_(0.65)As waveguide is increased to 0.9μm. In order to suppress the super modes, the thickness of the Al_(0.55)Ga_(0.45)As cladding layers is reduced to only 0.7μm while keeping the transverse radiation losses of the fundamental mode below 0.2cm~(-1). The structures are grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition. The devices show excellent performances. The maximum output power of 10.2W in the 100μm broad-area laser diodes is obtained.

Visible vertical cavity surface emitting laser

We have designed and fabricated the visible vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's) by using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). We use the 8 lambda optical cavities with 3 quantum wells in AlGaInP/AlGaAs red VCSEL's to reduce the drift leakage current and enhance the model gain in AlGaInP active region. The structure has a p-type stack with 36 DBR pairs on the top and an n-type with 55-1/2 pairs on the bottom. Using micro-area reflectance spectrum, we try to get a better concordance between the center wavelength of DBR and the emitting wavelength of the active region. We used a component graded layer of 0.05 lambda thick (x = 0.5 similar to 0.9) at the p-type DBR AlGaAs/AlAs interface to reduce the resistance of p-type DBR. We use selective oxidation to define the current injection path. Because the oxidation rate of a thick layer is faster than a thinner one, we grown a thick AlAs layer close to the active region. In this way, we got a smaller active region for efficient confinement of injected carriers (the aperture area is 3 x 3 mu m) to reduce the threshold and, at the same time, a bigger conductive area in the DBR layers to reduce the resistance. We employ Zn doping on the p-side of the junction to improve hole injection and control the Zn dopant diffusion to get proper p-i-n junction. At room temperature, pulse operation of the laser has been achieved with the low threshold current of 0.8mA; the wavelength is about 670nm.

科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林土壤呼吸对水分变化的响应

土壤是陆地生态系统最大的碳库，其碳储量是大气碳储量的两倍。土壤呼吸是土壤碳库的最大输出途径。在干旱半干旱区降雨格局以及土壤水分条件的变化对土壤呼吸的影响具有重要意义。本研究以半干旱区科尔沁沙地东部樟子松人工林为研究对象，通过室内培养模拟研究、野外降雨量控制研究和降雨频率模拟及干湿交替模拟试验，研究了科尔沁沙地半干旱人工林生态系统土壤呼吸对水分变化的响应趋势，探讨了降雨格局变化对土壤呼吸的影响，结果表明： （1）土壤呼吸速率随温度和土壤含水量的升高分别呈指数和线性增长；温度和土壤含水量分别影响着土壤呼吸对土壤水分和温度的敏感性； （2）降雨量变化影响土壤呼吸日动态变化，降水量增加30%，土壤24h释放CO2量升高了35.9%，当降水量减少30%时，土壤24h释放的CO2量降低了59.6%，而且干旱降低了土壤呼吸日动态变化的幅度； （3）降雨量变化对土壤呼吸月季动态具有一定影响。降雨量增加30%，8~10月土壤总呼吸CO2释放速率升高40.7%~166.4%，土壤异养呼吸CO2释放速率升高40.5%~194.3%；降雨量降低30%使降雨较频繁的8月份土壤总呼吸CO2释放速率降低34.0%~70.0%，土壤异养呼吸CO2释放速率下降20.9%~ 64.0%，而在降雨较少的9~10月份降雨量的减少对土壤呼吸则没有显著影响； （4）降雨量的变化对土壤总呼吸和异养呼吸温度敏感性有一定影响。当降雨量减少30%时，土壤总呼吸的Q10值由5.4下降到2.22，土壤异养呼吸的Q10值由4.84下降到1.81； （5）用温湿度耦合作用经验模型Rt = 0.307e0.0064（W·T）来描述三个降雨处理样地土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度及土壤含水量的关系，可以解释土壤呼吸速率变异的80.2%； （6）在较高的温度条件下，降雨频率增加一倍时，土壤呼吸速率将升高约24%；当温度较低时，降雨频率对土壤呼吸速率的影响不显著； （7）土壤呼吸随着干旱程度的增加而逐渐下降，但当进行降水模拟后，土壤呼吸值迅速升高，可升高降水前的41.0% ~ 128%，而后又迅速下降，呈现明显的脉动（pulse）效应。

有机磷降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性研究

从沈阳苏家屯地区长期受有机磷污染的土壤中分离到10株以敌敌畏（DDVP）为唯一碳源生长的细菌，其中降解活性最高的菌株经生理生化鉴定和16SrDNA同源性比较,鉴定为甲基杆菌属(Methylobacterium sp.)，将其命名为DDV-1(GenBank Accession NO. FJ225120)。该菌株最适生长条件： pH 7.0，温度 30℃。 对菌株DDV-1降解性能的研究表明，该菌株降解敌敌畏的最适条件为：pH 7.0，30℃，在此条件下，500 mg/L敌敌畏经过DDV-1菌株代谢5天后，降解率可达74.9%。装液量对菌株生长及降解率影响不大。DDV-1对敌敌畏有较高的耐受度，在初始量浓度为 1 500 mg/L敌敌畏的高浓度下同样能进行降解。敌敌畏的降解速率与起始接种量呈正比。正交设计实验结果表明6个因素对敌敌畏降解率影响的程度依次为C(pH)、D（温度）>B(N源)>E（接种量）>A（C源）>F（DDVP浓度）。 除了敌敌畏，菌株DDV-1还能以甲基异硫磷、辛硫磷、敌百虫、甲胺磷、对硫磷为唯一碳源，对有机磷类农药有广谱降解性。 酶学方面，酶的定位试验表明，菌株DDV-1的有机磷水解酶为胞内酶。该水解酶最适反应条件为：pH 7.0，温度30℃；粗酶液在20-40℃稳定性良好，在pH6.0-9.0都能保持活力，最适产酶碳、氮源分别为葡萄糖和蛋白胨。 在分子生物学方面，通过功能基因扩增，扩增到有机磷水解酶基因（mpd基因）。该片段为818碱基，其与已知的有机磷水解酶基因不具有同源性。 实验室条件下模拟有机磷污染土壤修复的研究表明，农药的初始浓度和接种量对敌敌畏降解影响较大，最适接种量为1000000个细胞/g土壤。

长白山北坡针叶林下土壤淋洗液的化学性质及土壤特性

为了研究长白山北坡针叶林下土壤淋洗液的化学性质及土壤特性。我们于1987年6-9月，在红松云冷杉林。岳桦云冷杉林标准地，收集了大气降水，林内降水及土壤淋洗液，进行化学分析。结果表明：在红松云冷杉林标准地大气降水经过林冠后产生酸化作用。在红松云冷杉林和岳桦云冷杉林标准地，通过A_0层淋洗液进入土壤A_1层的养分元素（公斤/公顷）为：K 7.4-11.0, Ca 5.7-5.8, Mg 1.1-1.2，有机碳120.4-156.1，全氮1.9-3.4, SO_4-S 1.8-3.6。 A_0+A_1层养分元素的淋失量（公斤/公顷）为：K 1.2-1.6, Ca 2.2-4.6, Mg 0.5-0.9，有机碳35.4-43.9，全氮0.6-0.7, SO_4-S 1.2-2.7。A_0层淋洗液酸度大（pH5.2-5.6）。有机酸含量高（有机碳46-62mg/1）。Fe、Al、Si均从A_1层淋洗下来，并在其下的淀积层（B）淀积。因此，本区针叶林下土壤具有灰化过程的典型特征。土壤分析结果表明：长白山北坡暗针叶带土壤，具有灰化过程，其中杜香落叶松林下土壤具有明显的灰土淀积层，在分类上属灰土。

铵、钾在几种土壤中的固定及铵、钾关系

本文主要研究了实验室条件下NH_4~+和K~+在五种土壤中被矿物质固定的程度及固定过程中的铵、钾关系。0～30天的观测结果表明：83～100％的铵、钾固定发生在2天内，其中铵的固定速度大于钾。在含水量为最大持水量的50％时；施入14.29μMNH_4~+／g烘干土被固定25.0～83.3%，施入同量K~+被固定28.0～67.9%。在固定过程中，铵与钾主要是相互竞争的关系，即双方竞争同一固定位置。在同等条件下，NH_4~+ 的竞争能力比K~+ 强。NH_4~+ 的存在常常妨碍K~+的固定，而K~+的存在往往促进NH_4~+的固定（先施K~+时除外）。将三种2:1型自然土壤中铵、钾固定量与其原有的固定态铵、钾量进行相关分析，初步证明：施入NH_4~+、K~+的固定量与原有的固定态铵、钾量呈极显著的正相关关系，同时也得出：不同矿物对NH_4~+、K~+的“选择性”不同，蛭石对K~+的“选择性”强，而水云母对NH_4~+的“选择性”强。此外，在予备试验中，还对固定态铵的分析测定方法进行了研究与比较，并提出了一种测定固定态铵的新方法－H_2SO_4法。将H_2SO_4法与HF法同时用于12种不同土壤中原有固定态铵的测定。得出：H_2SO_4法测定值显著高于HF法。其原因可能是H_2SO_4法测出了非硅酸盐矿物所固定的铵（用“R-NH_4”表示)，“R-NH_4”在 2:1 型土壤中占全N的0～9.5%。将H_2SO_4法、HF法和 KCl法同时用于观测四种土壤对施入NH_4~+ 的固定。结果表明：三种方法测得的变化趋势大致相同，但测定值高低不同： KCl 法＞HF法≈H_2SO_4法。将三种方法所得结果进行比较研究后，初步证明：(1). "R-NH_4" 在土壤中也存在“固定”与“释放”作用；(2). “NH_4/K”处理所固定的铵比其它处理固定得更牢固。

激光衰减法测量固体火箭发动机尾流粒子参数

为了测量某固体火箭发动机尾流粒子参数,设计了基于激光衰减法的实验系统,并在发动机试车中采取了消除尾流辐射干扰的措施.将实验结果与参考文献的激光衰减法测量结果进行了比较,结果一致,表明所获得光强衰减信号和测量结果是可信的.在发动机燃烧室压强为9.5 MPa时,利用激光衰减方法测量喷管出口的粒子尺度d32=0.9μm,实验数据误差为20%

川西亚高山针叶林主要针叶树种年轮生态学研究

米亚罗地区是四川西部较为典型的亚高山针叶林区域之一。为建立该地区主要针叶树种岷江冷杉、云杉、紫果云杉和红杉的年轮宽度年表资料，了解不同海拔高度岷江冷杉原始林和不同恢复过程的人工针叶林及次生混交林树木径向生长规律，结合样地调查，用生长锥钻取了树木芯样做年轮生态学分析。芯样经过标准化程序固定和打磨抛光后，用WinDENDRO图像分析系统测量年轮宽度序列，用COFECHA程序交叉定年和控制测量数据质量，用ARSTAN程序建立了4个主要针叶树种的地区年表和不同海拔高度岷江冷杉林及人工针叶林和次生混交林针叶树的样地年表。 4个主要针叶树种年轮宽度年表的平均敏感度低于0.2，而其晚材宽度年表都具相对较高的平均敏感度。早材宽度与年轮总宽度标准化年表间的相关系数均在0.9以上；晚材宽度与年轮总宽度标准化年表间的相关系数则种间差异较大，红杉的最高，岷江冷杉的最低。岷江冷杉晚材宽度与年轮总宽度的相关性从1970年以后明显下降，而其他种的相关系数则随时间变化较小。树种之间标准化年表显著正相关，而云杉与紫果云杉和红杉与岷江冷杉之间相关系数明显较高。年表序列的第1主分量表达了4个树种树木共同径向生长变化格局；第2至第4主分量分别表达了云杉属和冷杉属、常绿针叶树种和落叶针叶树种以及云杉和紫果云杉树木径向生长变化差异。 不同海拔高度的8个岷江冷杉样地年轮宽度年表序列敏感度大体上随海拔高度升高而降低。各样地早材宽度与年轮总宽度年表之间的相关系数均在0.9以上，且随海拔高度变化不大；晚材宽度与年轮总宽度之间的相关系数随海拔高度的变化较大，并有随海拔升高而降低的趋势。样地年表序列之间相关系数差异很大，高海拔样地年表间多为显著正相关；低海拔样地年表间的相关系数变化不一；高海拔和低海拔样地年表之间相关性较差，且多不显著。样地年表的第1主分量能解释年表序列总方差的37.5%，反映了不同海拔高度岷江冷杉林木共同的径向生长变化格局；第2和第3主分量分别解释总方差的24.5%和18.2%，表现出明显的高海拔和低海拔样地树木间不同的径向生长变化，除一些样地例外，它们一般与低海拔样地年表有正相关，与高海拔样地年表有负相关。在那些另外的样地，海拔以外的其他因素可能也影响了树木径向生长变化。不同海拔高度样地林木的生长抑制和生长释放频率在不同时期表现出较大的差异，表明了不同的干扰历史和林木补充时间。 人工针叶林和次生混交林各样地林木早材宽度与其年轮总宽度年表之间相关系数均高达0.9以上；晚材宽度与年轮总宽度年表之间也都显著正相关，但人工针叶林样地的明显较高。样地年表序列之间的相关关系表现为，林分起源和经营管理相似的样地年表之间的相关系数明显较高，如人工针叶林与人工针叶林尽管树种不同，但样地年表之间显著正相关，而与次生混交林样地年表间关系不显著；反之亦然。综合比较各项生长参数及不同时期的树木径向生长速率，人工针叶林树木的胸径增长至少在40年以内是优于次生混交林的同种（或不同种）针叶树的。不同样地林木生长释放和生长抑制及人工针叶林树木胸高断面积增长分析表明，除严重的人为干扰外，林分郁闭后林木密度过大是造成高频率生长抑制的主要原因，在林分发育的适当时期通过抚育间伐等措施调控林分密度，是保证林木胸高断面积在一定时期内保持较高的连年增长的关键。日本落叶松作为引进的树种，在海拔3100 m左右种植表现良好，近30年来各项生长指标均高于林龄相近的云杉人工林，因此，适当用其作为川西亚高山针叶林采伐迹地快速恢复是合理的。 Miyaluo area is one of the typical regions covered by subalpine coniferous forests in western Sichuan province of southwestern China. To develop the regional tree-ring width chronology series for the dominant conifers such as Abies faxoniana, Picea asperata, P. purpurea and Larix potaninii, and to understand the radial growth patterns of conifers in Abies faxoniana natural forest stands at different altitudes, and in coniferous plantations and natural regenerated mixed stands in their different restoring processes as well, increment cores were sampled in the field together with conventional plots investigations for dendroecological analyses. After the increment cores being prepared according to standard procedures, the ring widths (total-ring and intra-ring widths) were measured with a WinDENDRO image-analysis system, and the measured tree-ring sequences were crossdated and quality-controlled with the software COFECHA. Using the software ARSTAN, we developed tree-ring width based chronology series of the four dominant conifers, eight site-specific Abies faxoniana chronologies, and seven site-specific chronologies of conifers in coniferous plantations and natural regenerated mixed stands. Mean sensitivities for total ring width chronologies of the four sampled dominant conifers were all below 0.2, while those for the latewood width chronologies of the same species were relatively much higher. Correlation coefficients between standard earlywood and total ring width chronologies of the four conifers were all above 0.9, but those between standard latewood and total ring width chronologies exhibited differences among species, with the coefficient of Larix potaninii the highest and that of Abies faxoniana the lowest. Correlation coefficients between latewood and total ring width of A. faxoniana obviously decreased from 1920-1970 for successive 50-year segments with 10-years lag analyses, though the same for the other three species changed unnoticeably with time. Tree-ring standard chronologies among species showed significant positive correlations, with the correlation coefficients between chronologies of Picea asperata and P. purpurea, and of Larix potaninii and Abies faxoniana relatively much higher. The first principal component of tree-ring chronologies represented the common radial growth patterns of the four conifers in Miyaluo area. The second, third and fourth PCs expressed the differences in radial growth responses for the genus Picea and Abies, for the evergreen and deciduous confers, and for the two species of the genus Picea, respectively. In general, mean sensitivities of the eight Abies faxoniana site-specific tree-ring width chronologies decreased with increasing altitude. The correlation coefficients between earlywood and total ring width chronologies for all sites reached 0.9, which did not change much with altitude; but those between latewood and total ring width chronologies diversified, with a decreasing tendency from lower altitudinal sites to higher altitudinal sites. Correlation coefficients among site chronologies varied considerably, with significant positive correlations among higher site chronologies, mixed results among lower site chronologies, and poor and insignificant correlations between chronologies of higher site and lower site. The first PC, which represents 37.5% of the total variance, reflected a common radial growth response at sites of different altitudes, and it showed a tendency of explaining more variance with increasing altitude. The second and the third PCs contributed to 24.5% and 18.2% of the total variance, respectively, exhibiting distinctive differences in radial growth responses between low- and high-altitudinal sites. With some exceptions, the radial growth represented by the second and third PCs had a positive correlation with that at the low-altitudinal sites and a negative correlation with that at the high-altitudinal sites. For those exceptional sites, factors other than altitude might also play a role in affecting tree-ring growth variations. Trees in stands of different altitudes showed great differences in frequencies of growth suppressions and releases through times, suggesting different disturbance histories and periods when trees recruiting to the canopy. Correlation coefficients between earlywood and total ring width chronologies for all sites of coniferous plantations and natural regenerated mixed stands were also above 0.9; and the same between latewood width and total ring width chronologies all positively correlated, too, with the coefficients of the coniferous plantations obviously much higher. Correlations among site chronologies showed that the coefficients among sites with similar stand origin and management regimes were much higher than those among sites with different stand origin and management regimes. For example, significant positive correlations were found for chronologies among different coniferous plantations, irrespective of species differences; while insignificant correlations between chronologies of the same conifer from a coniferous plantation and a natural regenerated mixed stand, and vise versa. Integrative comparisons of different tree growth parameters and radial growth rates at different stages indicated that the diameter at breast height (DBH) increments for trees in coniferous plantations were faster than those for trees of the same (or different) species in the natural regenerated mixed stands, at least within their first 40 years of stand development. Analyses of growth releases and suppressions, and basal area increments of trees in different stands demonstrated that over-dense individuals after canopy closure was the main factor resulting in high frequencies of radial growth suppressions, with some exceptions of severe man-made disturbances. Therefore, to ensure a continuous basal area current annual increment in certain periods, tree density controlling through thinning in due time during the stand development process are necessary. It should be mentioned that, as an introduced conifer to Miyaluo area, Larix kaempferi grew quite well at altitude of ca. 3100 m after planting in 1970s. In their near 30 years of stand development, Larix kaempferi trees exhibited faster growth in various parameters than Picea asperata trees of the similar stand age did. Thus we think it reasonable to use Larix kaempferi as a fast restoring species at appropriate sites of cutting blanks of subalpine coniferous forests in western Sichuan.

两株耐碱性木聚糖酶产生菌的筛选及产酶条件研究

本文主要研究了从造纸厂碱性土壤中筛选得到的，能够产生耐碱木聚糖酶的两株放线菌X24-14和X15-17。通过16 S rRNA基因序列分析并结合菌株的形态特征以及生理生化特性，初步认为菌株X15-17为拟诺卡氏菌属（Nocardiopsis）的一个潜在新种；菌株X24-14为纤维化纤维菌（Cellulosimicrobium cellulans）。 在此基础上探索了菌株X24-14和菌株X15-17所产木聚糖酶的基本酶学性质。研究发现，两株菌所产的木聚糖酶的耐碱性均较强： 1）菌株X24-14所产的木聚糖酶，在pH 4.2～9.4的范围内能维持较高的活力，pH 9.4条件下，仍能保持80％的酶活力；2）菌株X15-17所产的木聚糖酶在pH 4.0～9.0的范围内能维持较高的活力，pH 9.0条件下，仍能保持80％的酶活力；3）两株菌所产的木聚糖酶均具有较好的pH稳定性，在pH 2.0～11.0范围内稳定，pH 11.0、4 ℃条件下处理24 h仍具有75％的活力。 本文还重点研究了菌株X24-14在不同培养基成分及不同培养条件下的产酶情况，确定了其适宜的产酶条件。结果显示，菌株X24-14的最适碳源为麸皮；最适氮源为蛋白胨；最适产酶pH为pH 8.5。菌株X24-14适宜的产酶条件为：麸皮60 g/L，蛋白胨10 g/L，K2HPO4 7.0 g/L，pH 8.5，接种量为5％，37 ℃，200 r/min发酵培养108 h。 Two strains of actinomycetes, X24-14 and X15-17, which produced alkali-tolerant xylanase were screened from the soil samples collected from a pulp mill in china. Based on the morphological, physiochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequence, X24-14 was priminarily identified as cellulosimicrobium cellulans ; X15-17 was priminarily identified as a new species of Nocardiopsis. The investigation examined the enzyme activities which produced by X24-14 and X15-17 under different pH and different temperatures. The results showed that : 1）The xylanase from X24-14 had characteristic of alkali-tolerance: It remains 80% relative activity at pH ranges between pH 4.2 and pH 9.4 under 50℃. 2)The xylanase from X15-17 also showed characteristic of alkali-tolerance, it remains 80% relative activity at pH ranges between pH 4.0and pH 9.0 under 50℃. 3）The xylanase from the two strains showed alkali-stable characteristics. They were stable at pH ranges between pH 2.0 and pH 11.0, showing 75% of its maximal activity remaining under 24 hours of treatment at 4℃. We also studied the effect of different growth conditions: carbon source, nitrogen sources, inoculum size, and initial pH on the production of xylanase of strain X24-14. The results showed that :The optimal carbon source was wheat bran; The optima nitrogen source was peptone; The maximum xylanase activity was achieved in the medium containing 60 g/L wheat bran, 10 g/L peptone, 7 g/L K2HPO4, inoculum size 5% and pH 8.5, under 37℃ in 108 h.

双维位置灵敏CsI(Tl)探测器

描述了一种双维位置灵敏CsI(Tl)探测器 .用 3组分α源测量该探测器得到的位置分辨为0 .81mm(FWHM) ,对于 6 9MeV/u36 Ar能量分辨为 0 .9% (FWHM) .在RIBLL的ΔE E粒子鉴别望远镜中常常作为E探测器 .由于CsI(Tl)晶体对不同的粒子的能损 -光输出的非线性 ,需要针对不同离子对CsI探测器作能量 光输出校正曲线 .

硅多条探测器的研制

描述了用微电子工艺技术成功研制硅多条探测器的制备工艺技术及测试结果。这种探测器的灵敏面积为50mm×20mm。P掺杂面被等分成相互平行的,长度为20mm,宽度为3mm的16硅条,相邻条之间的间距为140μm。当探测器工作在全耗尽偏压下,每一条的反向漏电流的典型值<2nA。对239Pu α粒子的能量分辨为0.5％~0.9％,相邻条之间的相互影响(crosstalk)为4％~8％。

~(209)Fr的能级结构研究

利用能量为 90— 1 0 5MeV的16 O束流 ,通过197Au( 16 O ,4n)反应研究了2 0 9　Fr的高自旋态能级结构 .进行了γ射线的激发函数、γ γ延迟符合及γ射线的角分布测量 .首次建立了由 2 1条γ射线构成的2 0 9Fr的能级纲图 ,其中包括一个半寿命为 ( 52± 2 0 )ns的同质异能态 .基于2 0 9Fr与2 0 8Rn低位能级结构的相似性 ,用一个h9/ 2 价质子与2 0 8Rn激发态的弱耦合解释了2 0 9Fr的低位能级结构 .

RIBLL上的β~+缓发粒子发射的在束测量

报道了在新建成的放射性次级束流线上完成的2 0 Na的 β+缓发α粒子发射2 0 Na—→β+　 　2 0　Ne →16 O +α的在束测量 .通过飞行时间和能损符合的方法实现2 0 Na次级束流的在束鉴别与调制 .在束和停束两个获取时段分别完成对次级束流和β+缓发粒子的记录 .利用脉冲发生器和记数器实现2 0 Na缓发粒子衰变半衰期的测量 .实验测量到2 0 Ne几个低能共振能级的衰变能量分别为 2 69,3 0 9,4 74 ,5 54MeV ,相对强度分别为 1 0 0 ,4 1 5,1 1 0 ,1 5 2 0 .测量到2 0 Na的β+缓发α衰变的半衰期为 (4 59± 7)ms,与现有的核数据基本上吻合 .

Parton energy loss in heavy-ion collisions via direct-photon and charged-particle azimuthal correlations

Charged-particle spectra associated with direct photon (gamma(dir)) and pi(0) are measured in p + p and Au + Au collisions at center-of-mass energy root(S)(NN) = 200 GeV with the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. A shower-shape analysis is used to partially discriminate between gamma(dir) and pi(0). Assuming no associated charged particles in the gamma(dir) direction ( near side) and small contribution from fragmentation photons (gamma(frag)), the associated charged-particle yields opposite to gamma(dir) (away side) are extracted. In central Au + Au collisions, the charged-particle yields at midrapidity (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1) and high transverse momentum (3 < (assoc)(PT) < 16 GeV/c) associated with gamma(dir) and pi(0) (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.9, 8 < (trig)(PT) < 16 GeV/c) are suppressed by a factor of 3-5 compared with p + p collisions. The observed suppression of the associated charged particles is similar for gamma(dir) and pi(0) and independent of the gamma(dir) energy within uncertainties. These measurements indicate that, in the kinematic range covered and within our current experimental uncertainties, the parton energy loss shows no sensitivity to the parton initial energy, path length, or color charge.

Biosorption of uranium by chemically modified Rhodotorula glutinis

The present paper reports the biosorption of uranium onto chemically modified yeast cells, Rhodotorula glutinis, in order to study the role played by various functional groups in the cell wall. Esterification of the carboxyl groups and methylation of the amino groups present in the cells were carried out by methanol and formaldehyde treatment, respectively. The uranium sorption capacity increased 31% for the methanol-treated biomass and 11% for the formaldehyde-treated biomass at an initial uranium concentration of 140 mg/L The enhancement of uranium sorption capacity was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis, with amino and carboxyl groups were determined to be the important functional groups involved in uranium binding. The biosorption isotherms of uranium onto the raw and chemically modified biomass were also investigated with varying uranium concentrations. Langmuir and Freundlich models were well able to explain the sorption equilibrium data with satisfactory correlation coefficients higher than 0.9. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.