El universo de los poliedros: experiencias significativas con el doblado de papel y las construcciones geométricas

Tradicionalmente la geometría desde la escuela se ha enseñado desde un mismo sentido: lo bidimensional, sin considerar que las representaciones bidimensionales se hacen precisamente de objetos tridimensionales del mundo físico. Actualmente y según los lineamientos curriculares de matemáticas para una mejor percepción del espacio se requiere que el estudiante comunique y represente el espacio bidimensional a través de experiencias significativas con lo tridimensional, esta relación entre el espacio tridimensional con el plano puede desarrollarse a partir de la construcción de poliedros debido a que con estos se puede propiciar tres tipos de procesos cognitivos importantes para el desarrollo del pensamiento espacial: los procesos de visualización, los procesos de construcción y los procesos de razonamiento.

Problemas comentados (XV)

Con el cambio de formato de la revista NÚMEROS la sección que hasta ahora manteníamos puede proseguir o no, dependiendo de la nueva dirección de la misma y del gusto de los lectores. En la espera de esa decisión queremos completar el último artículo dando, como es costumbre, las soluciones de los problemas del número anterior.

La exportación a HTML con geogebra

En este documento se hace un estudio del software GeoGebra que permite abordar la geometría, el cálculo y el álgebra a través de construcciones dinámicas. Una posibilidad muy interesante que nos ofrece el programa, desde el punto de vista didáctico, es la exportación a formato html. Esta opción permitirá al alumnado manipular escenas dinámicas en un navegador Web y, así, analizar comportamientos, visualizar conceptos, propiedades, modificar las construcciones, etc.

En las ciudades invisibles X

Através de la ventana la ciudad aparece conexa y cubriendo el mundo entero –Trude–, pero al salir a la calle veo rectángulos de cielo entre los edificios contiguos de cada manzana reticular –Zora–. El carácter conexo de la ciudad era sólo aparente, las casas y rascacielos no se adosan a sus vecinos, sino que mantienen una separación mínima que les permita vibrar sin peligro durante un seísmo. En el paseo me despisto. Pensaba haber salido ya de la ciudad, pero todavía estoy en ella –Zoe–. Supongo que atravieso limbos imperceptibles buscando un centro inexistente o ubicable en cualquier lugar –Pentesilea–. Desciendo las escaleras que conducen al metro y otra ciudad aparece bajo tierra –Argia–, más bulliciosa si cabe que la de arriba. El mapa de estaciones y recorridos reproduce en el plano un ovillo tridimensional –Zobeida– que recorren a diario millones de personas. Está salpicado de signos indescifrables que, en lugar de ayudarme, inducen a engaño –Ipazia–. Cuando vuelvo a emerger a la luz del día me encuentro un panorama similar. Inconscientemente elaboro relaciones de equivalencia –Zirma– para poder fijar imágenes, ideas y cosas en mi memoria.

Matemáticas aplicadas a la astronomía: tiempo que transcurre entre la salida y la puesta del Sol en los solsticios

En este artículo se resuelve un problema de astronomía mediante la utilización de la trigonometría elemental y del espacio euclideo tridimensional. Se aspira tener una idea de cómo varía la luz solar en los solsticios a lo largo de las latitudes de nuestro planeta, de polo a polo, y se concluye con un programa informático y una tabla para las latitudes de varias ciudades del mundo.

La influencia de las nuevas tecnologías en los hábitos de lectura: análisis de las noticias de "El País", "El Mundo" y "ABC" (2011)

En este texto se explica el cambio de hábitos que ha supuesto la lectura en formato digital. Se indican los factores que determinan la selección un formato u otro, al igual que la situación en la que se encuentra la lectura digital en España. Para ello, se analizan las noticias sobre este tema encontradas en los periódicos: ABC, El País y El Mundo durante el año 2011 -período relevante para la lectura digital- y se comparan con los resultados de las encuestas de AIMC, FGEE, etc., con el fin de sacar conclusiones certeras.

Reality Shows in Chile, origin and road map. Historical-Communication Dialogues

Reality shows are TV programs which represent a format used in television nowadays; however, the observation practices of individual and/or group intimacy dates from thousands years ago. Sometimes this was driven by voyeurism or morbid fascination, some others, by the purpose of guarding, supervising and maintaining status quo. This work offers an alternative answer to the explanation of this type of TV program emergence and relates this appearance to a government procedure bound up with modern State terrorism which began at the end of the eighteenth century and has been recalled by different regimes until present days.

Reception and schooling of children in schools in Catalonia: Beyond Educational Welcome Facilities

The ways of incorporating newcoming students into schools and colleges have been at the center of debate in most OECD countries in recent years. In Spain, the set of measures developed for the reception of immigrant pupils in different Autonomous Communities has also been the subject of specific research, pointing out the similarities and contradictions between pedagogic discourses and school practices. This article takes into account these considerations and presents the reflections from the results of research on the Educational Welcome Facilities (and specifically the EBE) conducted during the school years 2008-2010. This device was created in Catalonia to attend newcomers before enrolling them in the school. It was a pilot project which took place in Vic and Reus for two consecutive years. The research of the EBE has enabled us to explain the relationship between educational assessment that schools made about this facility and reception processes that schools were implementing. The conclusions that emerge from this analysis allowed us to establish relationships between educational host practices of the seven centers analyzed with three different conceptual and educational frameworks of reception.

Calibration of assessment instruments – classification in mathematics at the Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano

Item Response Theory, IRT, is a valuable methodology for analyzing the quality of the instruments utilized in assessment of academic achievement. This article presents an implementation of the mentioned theory, particularly of the Rasch model, in order to calibrate items and the instrument used in the classification test for the Basic Mathematics subject at Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano. 509 responses chains of students, obtained in the june 2011 application, were analyzed with a set of 45 items, through eight case studies that are showing progressive steps of calibration. Criteria of validity of items and of whole instrument were defined and utilized, to select groups of responses chains and items that were finally used in the determination of parameters which then allowed the classification of assessed students by the test.

Practicum in Educational Psychology: comparative analysis between areas of knowledge

In this paper we present the process and results of an investigation in which, after reflecting on the concept of Practicum and, specifically, in the Practicum in Educational Psychology degree taught at the University of A Coruña, an assessment is made taking into account the opinion of the students who have studied this matter, as to the relevance that the planned objectives are given and subsequent achievement of these. The results differ considering the area that the teacher who has tutored belongs to. Methodologicaly, it is a descriptive research, survey type, which involved a significant sample of students in their final year of the degree in the year 2012/13 through a questionnaire which validity (Teaching and content) and reliability (internal consistency) have been properly set (judgment of experts and a pilot experience for the calculation of Cronbach's alpha). The results show that the Practicum program has a good development of most of the objectives, especially those related to skills, where the average of the highest rated goals exceed the rating of 4. This suggests clear lines for innovation and improvement in the areas of conceptual and attitudinal level.

Social networks and cooperative learning in a MOOC

MOOCs are changing the educational landscape and gaining a lot of attention in scientific literature. However, the pedagogical design of these proposals has been called into question. It is precisely MOOCs’ social aspect, i.e. the interaction between course participants and the support for learning processes that has become one of the main topics of interest. This article presents the results of a research project carried out at the University of the Basque Country, which focused in cooperative learning and the intensive use of social networks in a MOOC. Significant data was compiled through Likert-type surveys, revealing that the use of both external and internal social networks in a massive open online course is a factor that is evaluated positively by students. We argue that the use of social networks as a learning strategy in a MOOC has an influence on academic performance and on the students' success rate. Furthermore, the participants’ age also has a bearing on the social networks they use, and we have found that the younger members tend to work with external networks such as Twitter or personal blogs, whereas the older students are more inclined to use forums from the Chamilo or Ning platforms.

Are they adicctied to college students social networks?

The development of the Internet and in particular of social networks has supposedly given a new view to the different aspects that surround human behavior. It includes those associated with addictions, but specifically the ones that have to do with technologies. Following a correlational descriptive design we present the results of a study, which involved university students from Social and Legal Sciences as participants, about their addiction to the Internet and in particular to social networks. The sample was conformed of 373 participants from the cities of Granada, Sevilla, Málaga, and Córdoba. To gather the data a questionnaire that was design by Young was translated to Spanish. The main research objective was to determine if university students could be considered social network addicts. The most prominent result was that the participants don’t consider themselves to be addicted to the Internet or to social networks; in particular women reflected a major distance from the social networks. It’s important to know that the results differ from those found in the literature review, which opens the question, are the participants in a phase of denial towards the addiction?

Social networks applied to training

In this article, we address the importance and relevance that social networks exhibit in their use as an educational resource.  This relevance relies in the possibility of implementing new learning resources or increasing the level of the participant's connectivity, as well as developing learning communities.  Also, the risk entailed from their use is discussed, especially for the students that have a low technological education or those having excessive confidence on the media.  It is important to highlight that the educational use of social networks is not a simple extension or translation of the student's habitual, recreational use, but that it implies an important change in the roles given to teachers as well as learners; from accommodative learning environments that only encourage memorization to other environments that demand an active, reflective, collaborative and proactive attitude, that require the development/acquisition of technological as well as social abilities, aptitudes and values.  It is also important to highlight that a correct implementation and adequate use will not only foment formal learning, but also informal and non-formal learning.

Kinetics of Aqueous Phase Dehydration of Xylose into Furfural Catalyzed by ZSM-5 Zeolite

ZSM-5 zeolite in H+ form with an average pore size of 1.2 nm was used for aqueous phase dehydration of xylose to furfural at low temperatures;, that is, from 413 to 493 K. The selectivity in furfural increased with the temperature to a value of 473 K. Beyond this temperature, condensation reactions were significant and facilitated by the intrinsic structure of ZSM-5. A reaction mechanism that included isomerization of xylose to lyxose, dehydration of lyxose and xylose to furfural, fragmentation of furfural to organic acids, oligomerization of furfural to bi- and tridimensional furilic species, and complete dehydration of organic acids to carbonaceous deposits was developed, and the associated kinetic parameters were estimated. The rate of furfural production was found to be more sensitive to temperature than the rates of side reactions, with an estimated activation energy of 32.1 kcal/mol. This value correlated well with data in the literature obtained by homogeneous catalytic dehydration.

La crítica de Plotino a la concepción aristotélica del tiempo en "En". III 7

El presente trabajo intenta mostrar de qué manera Plotino refuta la noción aristotélica del tiempo como «número» o «medida del movimiento», cuáles son las aporías que plantea, cómo las compulsa con sus propios argumentos y qué soluciones propone con respecto a esa misma confrontación. Todo esto será encauzado a partir de un estudio descriptivo y analítico, acompañado de una lectura a la vez hermenéutica y crítica de los textos seleccionados para esta ocasión.