Diegese em República 392d

Este artigo enfoca o uso do termo diégesis em República 392d, concluindo que não deve ser entendido simplesmente como "narrativa", mas abrange outras formas de exposição conduzidas por um diegetés. Ressalta ainda que a diégesis, a que se reduz tudo quanto dizem mitólogos e poetas, é um gênero de discurso relevante também para a transmissão dos lógoi socráticos, o que poderia explicar a necessidade de reflexão, por parte de Platão, sobre o lógos dos poetas.

Paradoxo e natureza no livro V da República

O artigo analisa a primeira onda do livro V da República de Platão, levando em conta a oposição entre opinião (dóxa) e ciência (epistéme), só formulada ao final da terceira onda. Sócrates problematiza a opinião corrente que aceita a diferença de natureza entre homens e mulheres para avançar a ideia de uma natureza humana comum. É essa tese paradoxal que justifica que possam ter uma mesma educação e que, assim, possam desempenhar as mesmas funções, vindo a ser guardiões e governantes da cidade.

A natureza dos números na República de Platão

É incontestável a presença das matemáticas nos diálogos de Platão, todavia o alcance e o sentido desta presença é matéria de controvérsia entre os especialistas. Alguns acreditam que os temas matemáticos empregados nos diálogos são fantasias matemáticas, outros defendem baseados, sobretudo no testemunho de Aristóteles, que Platão teria substituído na sua hipótese as formas inteligíveis pelos números ideais. Sem tomar partido de antemão nestas querelas, o que propomos aqui é uma investigação acerca da natureza dos números fundamentada exclusivamente nos textos de Platão, particularmente orientada por uma passagem do livro VII do diálogo República(525 b11- c3), em que Sócrates diz o seguinte: "Seria, portanto, conveniente colocar este estudo, ò Glaucon, dentro de uma legislação e persuadir aqueles que vão participar das grandes coisas na cidade a irem ao cálculo e a aplicarem-se a ele, não nos seus afazeres privados, mas até chegarem à contemplação da natureza dos números através da própria intelecção (...)".

Nova interpretação da passagem 359d da República de Platão

Gyges foi o primeiro tirano a reinar na Lídia pela casa dos Mermenadae por volta do séc. VII a. C. Ele foi também o primeiro grande bárbaro com o qual os gregos estabeleceram contato. Seu caráter complexo fez com que se desenvolvessem diversas histórias a seu respeito, sendo a mais famosa aquela que conta a maneira como ele chegou ao poder. Sua fama percorreu o mundo grego e influenciou a poesia lírica de sua época e, posteriormente, a história, a filosofia e a retórica, principalmente no que diz respeito ao seu poder e riqueza. Em Platão, Gyges aparece ligado à narrativa de Glaúcon no Livro II da República (359b-360b), onde este conta os feitos daquele para se tornar o soberano da Lídia. No entanto, uma dificuldade na passagem 359d faz com a identificação direta de Gyges com a narrativa seja prejudicada. Pretendemos através deste trabalho apresentar algumas propostas para a passagem, utilizando-se para isso não só do texto de Platão como das fontes líricas e históricas anteriores a ele.

COPRESENÇA DE OPOSTOS EM REPÚBLICA V, 478E-480A

Resumo: Pretendemos aqui analisar o texto de República V, 478e-480a, em que Platão argumenta contra um adversário que rejeita a teoria das Formas e restringe o domínio do conhecimento a itens sensíveis. O argumento de Platão conclui que seu adversário não pode ter conhecimento, mas somente opinião. O raciocínio baseia-se em uma premissa que afirma que os objetos sensíveis, ao contrário das Formas, estariam submetidos a uma certa copresença de atributos opostos. Apresentamos uma versão do argumento visando dois propósitos centrais: por um lado, buscamos resolver certas dificuldades textuais e teóricas que o leitor da passagem tem de enfrentar; por outro, evitamos comprometer Platão com a tese de que os itens sensíveis estão excluídos do domínio do conhecimento. Nossa estratégia envolve argumentar que a passagem assume um esquema conceitual que não é o de Platão, mas o de seu adversário.

Market entry patterns of Finnish SMEs entering China

In 2011 China became the world’s second largest economy overtaking Japan. With its rapidly growing middle class buying diverse goods from consumption products to sophisticated technology and luxury products, it is also the fastest growing export market in the world. The purpose of this study is to examine what types of market entry modes Finnish SMEs use in China, which factors affect on their decisions and whether they have switched or combined the strategies after entering China. The goal is to understand the relevance of the entry mode choice related to the internationalization process and to evaluate how well it suits the Chinese business environment. The empirical part of the study is a semi structured qualitative analysis of six case companies that represent different industry fields. The cases were selected based on the recent literature about the Finnish industry fields China is interested in to gain knowledge and expertise from. Companies included in the study are an architect office, two pharmaceutical development companies, an ICT company, a plastic mechanics company and a clean tech company. The results of this study indicated that the market entry patterns of Finnish SMEs in China differ from each other based on the factors related to company’s background, mode concerns and Chinese market influences.

The Productivity, Economy and Quality of Welding in the Different Geographical Areas of China - Today and in the Future

This master’s thesis gives out the real situation of the China welding industry and factories nowadays in different geographical areas, in order to inform the Finnish companies who have the willing to find a Chinese welding subcontractor a proper and correct selection concept by analyzing and supplying the information of different scale and form welding factories in different Chinese areas. The first section of this thesis gives out the general situation about the co-operation between China and Finland in the welding industry, also includes the general introduction of the Chinese welding industry. The second section gives out the geographical compartmentalization result of Chinese welding industry, which is where and how many areas will be studied in this thesis. The main body of this thesis is the real information of welding productivity, welding cost, and welding quality in China. All the information was collected from real factories in China by the author. The last section of this thesis is the improvements to the Chinese welding factories that have the willing to become a subcontractor, and the suggestions to the Finnish companies who may find a Chinese welding factory as their subcontractor in future.

China's 'Assertive’ South China Sea Policy And Rhetoric: Proactive, Reactive Or Myth?

In March 2010, Chinese State Councillor, Dai Bingguo, in a private meeting with US Deputy Secretary of State, James Steinberg, allegedly referred to the South China Sea (SCS) as one of the country’s ‘core interests’, a term normally only used to refer to regions like Taiwan, Tibet and Xinjiang upon whose sovereignty Beijing will make no compromises. This alleged wording by Mr Dai caused a strong global reaction, with many countries around the world expressing a fear that China, on the back of its rise to the status of the world's second largest economic power, was now about to implement a more assertive foreign policy more in keeping with its new status of global superpower. As the use of the term ‘core interest’ took place in a private meeting and appears to have been subsequently leaked, it is impossible to prove what was said or meant, yet in 2011, with China and the US continuing to eye each other with suspicion, the adverse repercussions of people trying to deduce what was meant are undeniable. By analysing the views of experts and the evolution or otherwise of Chinese rhetoric and policy towards the SCS, this thesis will show how the alleged use of a term in a private meeting can have consequences that far exceed what was originally intended. It will also show that it is highly unlikely that China’s maritime policy is becoming more assertive as, at China's present stage of social and economic development, it simply cannot afford the ill will and adverse consequences that would result from an act of international aggression. It will show how easy it seems to be for a country like the US to project a misleading image of another country’s intentions, which can in turn serve partially to mask its own intentions. Finally, it will show that the China’s stance on the SCS is starting to be seen by the world as a litmus test for the assertiveness of overall Chinese foreign policy.

Effective Message Design and Media Mix of Senior Mobile Phone in China

The present research focuses on the study of how to design message and select media in advertising to generate customer’s purchase intention towards senior mobile phone in China. The message design concentrates mainly on message framing and fear appeals study while the media selection method is only based on direct matching. For exploring the main research question, the study utilized qualitative methodology. The data collection consisted of a pre-interview questionnaire, interviews, and three sets of experiments. The experiments were designed to test the selected 18 participants’ responses toward different emotional appeals and message framings. The findings illustrate participants’ understanding of senior mobile phone and their media usage habits. Moreover, positive message framing and emotional appeals in advertising are more effective. Gender differences in responding to emotional appeals were explored as well.

THE IMPACT OF GUANXI TO MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES BUSINESS PERFORMACE, CORPORATE REPUTATION, NEGOTIATIONS AND MANAGEMENT IN CHINA

The modern business development of China began during 1978 and during the last decades Chinese have created one of the most dynamic and strongest economies in the world. China is now second largest trading power calculated in dollars. The special characteristic of this economic development is that it is not copy of any existing economy, instead the developments have been strongly influenced by the Chinese cultural characteristics. One cultural characteristic, guanxi, which is a “network of services and counter- services” is argued to be major component of successful business in China where these changes of services happen between people but also between companies. Obtaining introductions and the guanxi when doing business in China will give attentive audience and security for companies business. Despite the evidenced importance of guanxi, China´s business environment is rapidly changing towards Western economies, which might then reduce the importance of guanxi. Therefore the current impact of guanxi is a important topic to study. The main purpose of this study is to explore the impact of guanxi for Western big and small sized multinational companies´ business processes when doing business in China. This study looks What is the impact of guanxi in contemporary Chinese business environment for foreign companies doing business in China. Sub-questions in this research focus on what is the impact of guanxi on corporate reputation, management and negotiations. Findings present a mixed view where the importance of guanxi is not anymore critical, especially among younger people in the cities, however guanxi was clearly important outside the cities and when dealing with government officials. Efficient use of guanxi can be extremely profitable especially during early stages of business operations and guanxi plays role when bargaining prices and ensuring product quality from the factories. Therefore guanxi should be considered as essential element for successful business in China.