Desarrollo de herramienta de generación de Linked Data Educativo

El proyecto nace de un proyecto anterior donde se construyó un modelo para representar la información de los estudios superiores mediante una red de ontologías, proporcionando una definición común de conceptos importantes. Este proyecto consiste en desarrollar una herramienta capaz de generar datos educativos, a partir de la red de ontologías mencionadas anteriormente, siguiendo el paradigma de Linked Data [1]. La herramienta deberá extraer datos de diferentes fuentes educativas y transformará dichos datos educativos a datos enlazados (Linked Data). Para llevar a cabo esta labor se ha utilizado GATE Developer [2], es un entorno de desarrollo que proporciona un completo conjunto de herramientas gráficas interactivas para la creación, medición y mantenimiento de componentes de software para el procesamiento del lenguaje humano.---ABSTRACT---The project arises from a previous project in which a model was constructed to represent information of higher education through a network of ontologies, providing a common definition of important concepts. This project is to develop a tool capable of generating educational data from the ontology network mentioned above, following the paradigm of Linked Data [1]. The tool will extract data from different educational sources and transform said data to linked data (linked data). To carry out this work has been used GATE Developer [2]. It is a development environment that provides a comprehensive set of interactive graphical tools for creating, measuring and maintenance of software components for human language processing.

Desarrollo de frameworks con .NET

La expansión experimentada por la informática, las nuevas tecnologías e internet en los últimos años, no solo viene dada por la evolución del hardware subyacente, sino por la evolución del desarrollo de software y del crecimiento del número de desarrolladores. Este incremento ha hecho evolucionar el software de unos sistemas de gestión basados en ficheros, prácticamente sin interfaz gráfico y de unos pocos miles de líneas a grandes sistemas distribuidos multiplataforma. El desarrollo de estos grandes sistemas, requiere gran cantidad de personas involucradas en el desarrollo, y que las herramientas de desarrollo hayan crecido también para facilitar su análisis, diseño, codificación, pruebas, implantación y mantenimiento. La base de estas herramientas software las proveen las propias plataformas de desarrollo, pero la experiencia de los desarrolladores puede aportar un sinfín de utilidades y de técnicas que agilicen los desarrollos y cumplan los requisitos del software en base a la reutilización de soluciones lo suficientemente probadas y optimizadas. Dichas herramientas se agrupan ordenadamente, creando así frameworks personalizados, con herramientas de todo tipo, clases, controles, interfaces, patrones de diseño, de tal manera que se dan soluciones personalizadas a un amplio número de problemas para emplearlas cuantas veces se quiera, bien marcando directrices de desarrollo mediante el uso de patrones, bien con la encapsulación de complejidades de tal modo que los desarrolladores ya dispongan de componentes que asuman cierta lógica o cierta complejidad aliviando así la fase de construcción. En este trabajo se abordan temas sobre las tecnologías base y plataformas de desarrollo para poder acometer la creación de un framework personalizado, necesidades a evaluar antes de acometerlo, y técnicas a emplear para la consecución del mismo, orientadas a la documentación, mantenimiento y extensión del framework. La exposición teórica consiste en mostrar y evaluar los requisitos para crear un framework, requisitos de la plataforma de desarrollo, y explicar cómo funcionan las grandes plataformas de desarrollo actuales, que elementos los componen y su funcionamiento, así como marcar ciertas pautas de estructuración y nomenclatura que el desarrollo de un framework debe contemplar para su mantenimiento y extensión. En la parte metodológica se ha usado un subconjunto de Métrica V3, ya que para el desarrollo de controles no aplica dicha metodología en su totalidad, pero contempla el catálogo de requisitos, los casos de uso, diagramas de clase, diagramas de secuencia, etc… Aparte de los conceptos teóricos, se presenta un caso práctico con fines didácticos de cómo parametrizar y configurar el desarrollo bajo la plataforma .NET. Dicho caso práctico consiste en la extensión de un control de usuario genérico de la plataforma .NET, de tal modo que se aplican conceptos más allá del hecho de crear funciones como las funcionalidades que puede brindar un API. Conceptos sobre como extender y modificar controles ya existentes, que interactúan por medio de eventos con otros controles, con vistas a que ese nuevo control forme parte de una biblioteca de controles de usuario personalizados ampliamente divulgada. Los controles de usuario son algo que no solo tienen una parte funcional, sino que también tienen una parte visual, y definiciones funcionales distintas de las típicas del software de gestión, puesto que han de controlar eventos, visualizaciones mientras se dan estos eventos y requisitos no funcionales de optimización de rendimiento, etc… Para el caso práctico se toma como herramienta la plataforma de desarrollo .Net Framework, en todas sus versiones, ya que el control a extender es el control ListView y hacerlo editable. Este control está presente en todas las versiones de .NET framework y con un alto grado de reutilización. Esta extensión muestra además como se puede migrar fácilmente este tipo de extensiones sobre todos los frameworks. Los entornos de desarrollo usados son varias versiones de Visual Studio para el mostrar dicha compatibilidad, aunque el desarrollo que acompaña este documento esté realizado sobre Visual Studio 2013. ABSTRACT The expansion in computer science, new technologies and the Internet in recent years, not only is given by the evolution of the underlying hardware, but for the evolution of software development and the growing number of developers. This increase has evolved software from management systems based on files almost without graphical interface and a few thousand of code lines, to large multiplatform distributed systems. The development of these large systems, require lots of people involved in development, and development tools have also grown to facilitate analysis, design, coding, testing, deployment and maintenance. The basis of these software tools are providing by their own development platforms, but the experience of the developers can bring a lot of utilities and techniques to speed up developments and meet the requirements of software reuse based on sufficiently proven solutions and optimized. These tools are grouped neatly, creating in this way custom frameworks, with tools of all types, classes, controls, interfaces, design patterns,… in such a way that they provide customized solutions to a wide range of problems to use them many times as you want to occur, either by dialing development guidelines by using patterns or along with the encapsulation of complexities, so that developers already have components that take some logic or some complexity relieving the construction phase. This paper cover matters based on technologies and development platforms to undertake the creation of a custom framework, needs to evaluate before rush it and techniques to use in order to achieve it, a part from techniques oriented to documentation, maintenance and framework extension. The theoretical explanation consists in to demonstrate and to evaluate the requirements for creating a framework, development platform requirements, and explain how large current development platforms work, which elements compose them and their operation work, as well as mark certain patterns of structure and nomenclature that the development of a framework should include for its maintenance and extension. In the methodological part, a subset of Métrica V3 has been used, because of, for the development of custom controls this methodology does not apply in its entirety, but provides a catalogue of requirements, use cases, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, etc ... Apart from the theoretical concepts, a study case for teaching purposes about how to parameterize and configure the development under the .NET platform is presented. This study case involves the extension of a generic user control of the .NET platform, so that concepts apply beyond the fact of creating functions as the functionalities that can provide an API. Concepts on how to extend and modify existing controls that interact through events with other controls, overlooking that new control as a part of a custom user controls library widely publicized. User controls are something that not only have a functional part, but also have a visual part, and various functional definitions of typical management software, since that they have to control events, visualizations while these events are given and not functional of performance optimization requirements, etc ... For the study case the development platform .Net Framework is taken as tool, in all its versions, considering that control to extend is the ListView control and make it editable. This control is present in all versions of .NET framework and with a high degree of reuse. This extension also shows how you can easily migrate these extensions on all frameworks. The used development environments are several versions of Visual Studio to show that compatibility, although the development that accompanies this document is done on Visual Studio 2013.

A Survey on Intermediation Architectures for Underwater Robotics

Currently, there is a plethora of solutions regarding interconnectivity and interoperability for networked robots so that they will fulfill their purposes in a coordinated manner. In addition to that, middleware architectures are becoming increasingly popular due to the advantages that they are capable of guaranteeing (hardware abstraction, information homogenization, easy access for the applications above, etc.). However, there are still scarce contributions regarding the global state of the art in intermediation architectures for underwater robotics. As far as the area of robotics is concerned, this is a major issue that must be tackled in order to get a holistic view of the existing proposals. This challenge is addressed in this paper by studying the most compelling pieces of work for this kind of software development in the current literature. The studied works have been assessed according to their most prominent features and capabilities. Furthermore, by studying the individual pieces of work and classifying them several common weaknesses have been revealed and are highlighted. This provides a starting ground for the development of a middleware architecture for underwater robotics capable of dealing with these issues.

Estudio empírico de la influencia de la experiencia y del conocimiento del dominio del analista en la efectividad de la educción de requisitos

Contexto: La presente tesis doctoral se enmarca en la actividad de educción de los requisitos. La educción de requisitos es generalmente aceptada como una de las actividades más importantes dentro del proceso de Ingeniería de Requisitos, y tiene un impacto directo en la calidad del software. Es una actividad donde la comunicación entre los involucrados (analistas, clientes, usuarios) es primordial. La efectividad y eficacia del analista en la compresión de las necesidades de clientes y usuarios es un factor crítico para el éxito del desarrollo de software. La literatura se ha centrado principalmente en estudiar y comprender un conjunto específico de capacidades o habilidades personales que debe poseer el analista para realizar de forma efectiva la actividad de educción. Sin embargo, existen muy pocos trabajos que han estudiado dichas capacidades o habilidades empíricamente. Objetivo: La presente investigación tiene por objetivo estudiar el efecto de la experiencia, el conocimiento acerca del dominio y la titulación académica que poseen los analistas en la efectividad del proceso de educción de los requisitos, durante los primeros contactos del analista con el cliente. Método de Investigación: Hemos ejecutado 8 estudios empíricos entre cuasi-experimentos (4) y experimentos controlados (4). Un total de 110 sujetos experimentales han participado en los estudios, entre estudiantes de post-grado de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Informáticos de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid y profesionales. La tarea experimental consistió en realizar sesiones de educción de requisitos sobre uno o más dominios de problemas (de carácter conocido y desconocido para los sujetos). Las sesiones de educción se realizaron empleando la entrevista abierta. Finalizada la entrevista, los sujetos reportaron por escrito toda la información adquirida. Resultados: Para dominios desconocidos, la experiencia (entrevistas, requisitos, desarrollo y profesional) del analista no influye en su efectividad. En dominios conocidos, la experiencia en entrevistas (r = 0.34, p-valor = 0.080) y la experiencia en requisitos (r = 0.22, p-valor = 0.279), ejercen un efecto positivo. Esto es, los analistas con más años de experiencia en entrevistas y/o requisitos tienden a alcanzar mejores efectividades. Por el contrario, la experiencia en desarrollo (r = -0.06, p-valor = 0.765) y la experiencia profesional (r = -0.35, p-valor = 0.077), tienden a ejercer un efecto nulo y negativo, respectivamente. En lo que respecta al conocimiento acerca del dominio del problema que poseen los analistas, ejerce un moderado efecto positivo (r=0.31), estadísticamente significativo (p-valor = 0.029) en la efectividad de la actividad de educción. Esto es, los analistas con conocimiento tienden a ser más efectivos en los dominios de problema conocidos. En lo que respecta a la titulación académica, por falta de diversidad en las titulaciones académicas de los sujetos experimentales no es posible alcanzar una conclusión. Hemos podido explorar el efecto de la titulación académica en sólo dos cuasi-experimentos, sin embargo, nuestros resultados arrojan efectos contradictorios (r = 0.694, p-valor = 0.51 y r = -0.266, p-valor = 0.383). Además de las variables estudiadas indicadas anteriormente, hemos confirmado la existencia de variables moderadoras que afectan a la actividad de educción, tales como el entrevistado o la formación. Nuestros datos experimentales confirman que el entrevistado es un factor clave en la actividad de educción. Estadísticamente ejerce una influencia significativa en la efectividad de los analistas (p-valor= 0.000). La diferencia entre entrevistar a uno u otro entrevistado, en unidades naturales, varía entre un 18% - 23% en efectividad. Por otro lado, la formación en requisitos aumenta considerablemente la efectividad de los analistas. Los sujetos que realizaron la educción de requisitos después de recibir una formación específica en requisitos tienden a ser entre un 12% y 20% más efectivos que aquellos que no la recibieron. El efecto es significativo (p-valor = 0.000). Finalmente, hemos observado tres hechos que podrían influir en los resultados de esta investigación. En primer lugar, la efectividad de los analistas es diferencial dependiendo del tipo de elemento del dominio. En dominios conocidos, los analistas con experiencia tienden a adquirir más conceptos que los analistas noveles. En los dominios desconocidos, son los procesos los que se adquieren de forma prominente. En segundo lugar, los analistas llegan a una especie de “techo de cristal” que no les permite adquirir más información. Es decir, el analista sólo reconoce (parte de) los elementos del dominio del problema mencionado. Este hecho se observa tanto en el dominio de problema desconocido como en el conocido, y parece estar relacionado con el modo en que los analistas exploran el dominio del problema. En tercer lugar, aunque los años de experiencia no parecen predecir cuán efectivo será un analista, sí parecen asegurar que un analista con cierta experiencia, en general, tendrá una efectividad mínima que será superior a la efectividad mínima de los analistas con menos experiencia. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos muestran que en dominios desconocidos, la experiencia por sí misma no determina la efectividad de los analistas de requisitos. En dominios conocidos, la efectividad de los analistas se ve influenciada por su experiencia en entrevistas y requisitos, aunque sólo parcialmente. Otras variables influyen en la efectividad de los analistas, como podrían ser las habilidades débiles. El conocimiento del dominio del problema por parte del analista ejerce un efecto positivo en la efectividad de los analistas, e interacciona positivamente con la experiencia incrementando aún más la efectividad de los analistas. Si bien no fue posible obtener conclusiones sólidas respecto al efecto de la titulación académica, si parece claro que la formación específica en requisitos ejerce una importante influencia positiva en la efectividad de los analistas. Finalmente, el analista no es el único factor relevante en la actividad de educción. Los clientes/usuarios (entrevistados) también juegan un rol importante en el proceso de generación de información. ABSTRACT Context: This PhD dissertation addresses requirements elicitation activity. Requirements elicitation is generally acknowledged as one of the most important activities of the requirements process, having a direct impact in the software quality. It is an activity where the communication among stakeholders (analysts, customers, users) is paramount. The analyst’s ability to effectively understand customers/users’ needs represents a critical factor for the success of software development. The literature has focused on studying and comprehending a specific set of personal skills that the analyst must have to perform requirements elicitation effectively. However, few studies have explored those skills from an empirical viewpoint. Goal: This research aims to study the effects of experience, domain knowledge and academic qualifications on the analysts’ effectiveness when performing requirements elicitation, during the first stages of analyst-customer interaction. Research method: We have conducted eight empirical studies, quasi-experiments (four) and controlled experiments (four). 110 experimental subjects participated, including: graduate students with the Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Informáticos of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, as well as researchers and professionals. The experimental tasks consisted in elicitation sessions about one or several problem domains (ignorant and/or aware for the subjects). Elicitation sessions were conducted using unstructured interviews. After each interview, the subjects reported in written all collected information. Results: In ignorant domains, the analyst’s experience (interviews, requirements, development and professional) does not influence her effectiveness. In aware domains, interviewing experience (r = 0.34, p-value = 0.080) and requirements experience (r = 0.22, p-value = 0.279), make a positive effect, i.e.: the analysts with more years of interviewing/requirements experience tend to achieve higher effectiveness. On the other hand, development experience (r = -0.06, p-value = 0.765) and professional experience (r = -0.35, p-value = 0.077) tend to make a null and negative effect, respectively. On what regards the analyst’s problem domain knowledge, it makes a modest positive effect (r=0.31), statistically significant (p-value = 0.029) on the effectiveness of the elicitation activity, i.e.: the analysts with tend to be more effective in problem domains they are aware of. On what regards academic qualification, due to the lack of diversity in the subjects’ academic degrees, we cannot come to a conclusion. We have been able to explore the effect of academic qualifications in two experiments; however, our results show opposed effects (r = 0.694, p-value = 0.51 y r = -0.266, p-value = 0.383). Besides the variables mentioned above, we have confirmed the existence of moderator variables influencing the elicitation activity, such as the interviewee and the training. Our data confirm that the interviewee is a key factor in the elicitation activity; it makes statistically significant effect on analysts’ effectiveness (p-value = 0.000). Interviewing one or another interviewee represents a difference in effectiveness of 18% - 23%, in natural units. On the other hand, requirements training increases to a large extent the analysts’ effectiveness. Those subjects who performed requirements elicitation after specific training tend to be 12% - 20% more effective than those who did not receive training. The effect is statistically significant (p-value = 0.000). Finally, we have observed three phenomena that could have an influence on the results of this research. First, the analysts’ effectiveness differs depending on domain element types. In aware domains, experienced analysts tend to capture more concepts than novices. In ignorant domains, processes are identified more frequently. Second, analysts get to a “glass ceiling” that prevents them to acquire more information, i.e.: analysts only identify (part of) the elements of the problem domain. This fact can be observed in both the ignorant and aware domains. Third, experience years do not look like a good predictor of how effective an analyst will be; however, they seem to guarantee that an analyst with some experience years will have a higher minimum effectiveness than the minimum effectiveness of analysts with fewer experience years. Conclusions: Our results point out that experience alone does not explain analysts’ effectiveness in ignorant domains. In aware domains, analysts’ effectiveness is influenced the experience in interviews and requirements, albeit partially. Other variables influence analysts’ effectiveness, e.g.: soft skills. The analysts’ problem domain knowledge makes a positive effect in analysts’ effectiveness; it positively interacts with the experience, increasing even further analysts’ effectiveness. Although we could not obtain solid conclusions on the effect of the academic qualifications, it is plain clear that specific requirements training makes a rather positive effect on analysts’ effectiveness. Finally, the analyst is not the only relevant factor in the elicitation activity. The customers/users (interviewees) play also an important role in the information generation process.

Viviendas productivas

El presente trabajo recoge los resultados de una investigación sobre la «vivienda productiva», es decir, de la casa como lugar de trabajo. Dicha investigación se ha ocupado de explorar cómo influyen las cotidianeidades doméstico-laborales actuales —junto con sus arquitecturas y los urbanismos que estas generan— en la sociedad, en especial en temas sociales centrales como la construcción de las subjetividades, y de una vida en comunidad. Asimismo, explora cómo podrían influir en un futuro. La hipótesis sobre la que se trabaja, y que finalmente se intenta demostrar, consiste en que, en la territorialidad múltiple de lo laboral, la vivienda, como plataforma doméstica multiusos, productiva y reproductiva de la que muchas personas disponen, desempeña un papel nodal, y es posible que en el futuro su papel sea aún más importante y más visible. La vivienda productiva funciona como una infraestructura urbana desde la cual se construyen diferentes tipos de bienes materiales e inmateriales, pero sobre todo formas de relación, sociales y productivas con otros, además de imaginarios y afectos. La vivienda como infraestructura productiva y reproductiva es tanto «fábrica fundamental de lo social», como nos enseña Silvia Federici, como «fábrica de lo urbano». El trabajo en casa, como parte de diferentes dinámicas «dispersas» del trabajo que se dan en la actualidad, presenta tanto problemáticas y desafíos importantes, como capitales y posibilidades sociales. Por un lado, puede facilitar una absorción de tipo «24/7» vinculada a las lógicas de producción dispersa y consumo dominantes además de la que se da por las dinámicas patriarcales tradicionales, y en múltiples casos situaciones de evidente asimetría y de explotación laboral. También puede propiciar situaciones socialmente extendidas o impuestas de soledad y aislamiento. Sin embargo, está asimismo vinculado al surgimiento de espacios de experimentación tanto en soledad como en compañía, de cooperación y de intercambio, además de a la evidente posibilidad de construir rutinas propias y, por tanto, una subjetividad laboral propia. Por otro lado, frente a la idea general y homogénea del trabajador casero como un sujeto mayoritariamente aislado de su entorno, las jornadas de trabajo de los trabajadores caseros estudiados presentan una gran diversidad. Estas pueden conllevar aislamiento y exclusión, así como acompañar diferentes formas de construcción de una ciudadanía activa, tanto en solitario, como mediante formas de participación activa en la construcción de una vida en comunidad. En esta investigación se analizan, pues, desafíos y oportunidades de estas espacialidades del trabajo y, a través de este análisis, se indaga en el papel de los marcos físicos, organizativos y simbólicos actuales para la vivienda y para la ciudad pensada desde los trabajadores caseros. Al mismo tiempo se exploran nuevos tipos de vivienda y urbanismos que puedan quizás acompañar procesos sociales de inclusión, así como de emancipación, cooperación e intercambio y, en general, nuevas formas de vecindad y bienestar compartido en los ámbitos doméstico-productivos. Metodológicamente, las singularidades presentes en las realidades estudiadas invitan además a explorar protocolos de análisis, métodos de diseño, de gestión y gobierno que, desde lo micro, puedan dialogar con lo cotidiano y sus singularidades. Diego Barajas, autor de la tesis, es arquitecto dedicado a la práctica, a la investigación y la docencia. Su trabajo se focaliza en explorar el carácter mediador de la arquitectura frente a lo cotidiano y sus microrrealidades. Es profesor de proyectos de urbanismo en la IE School of Architecture y es miembro de Husos, una plataforma de investigación y diseño orientada a la innovación en arquitectura y urbanismo, con sede en Madrid. Es el autor del libro Dispersion, A Study of Global Mobility and the Dynamics of a Fictional Urbanism (Episode Publishers, Róterdam, 2003). Sus trabajos teóricos y de investigación han aparecido en libros y revistas internacionales tales como The Domestic and The Foreign in Architecture (010 Publishers, 2008), Public Spheres, a Europan Discussion (Europan9, 2007), Photoespaña 05 (La Fábrica, Madrid, 2005), Domus, Volume, Abitare, Architese, Plot, y Summa+. Su trabajo se ha expuesto en la Bienal de Venecia (selección principal), la Bienal de Róterdam, la Fundación Tapies, Photoespaña, entre otros y es parte de la colección permanente del FRAC Centre en Orleans y del Historisch Museum de Róterdam entre otros. Antes de estudiar en Róterdam, se gradúa con Honores en la Universidad de los Andes en 1999 y su tesis de grado de arquitectura recibe la máxima distinción como proyecto de Grado Meritorio. ABSTRACT The present study records an investigation into the «productive house», or the home as a workplace. This investigation looks at how working from home, its architectures, and the urban dynamics generated around it influence daily life and the construction of society. It also explores what influences home-based work might have in the future, particularly in central themes such as the biopolitical construction of subjectivities and community life. The central hypothesis revolves around the idea that the home, as a multi-use infrastructure that most of us have access to, plays a fundamental role in the contemporary work sphere, due to —or even in spite of— the omnipresence of work in practically every moment and area of our daily lives, and might play a main role in the future. The home functions as a kind of hub from which we create different kinds of material and immaterial goods, but above all relationships with others, both social and productive, as well as imaginaries and affections. The home, as a machine for production and reproduction, is as much a main «factory of the social» as Silvia Federici describes it, as a «factory of the urban». Working from home, as one of several «dispersed» work dynamics that are part of the contemporary world of work, presents as many important problematics and challenges as it does possibilities and social capital. On the one hand, it can contribute to kind of «24/7» absorption linked both to the logistics of the current dispersed production and consumption, and to that of traditional patriarchal dynamics, and in some cases even clearly asymmetrical situations that exploit the workforce. It can also lead to the socially widespread phenomena of isolation and loneliness, at times imposed upon home-based workers. However, by the same token, it is also linked to the growth of experimental spaces of cooperation and exchange, both solitary and in company, as well as the clear possibility of constructing individualised routines and, therefore, a personal laboural subjectivity. On the other hand, contrary to the generalised, homogenous idea of a home-based worker who is mostly isolated from his or her environment, the working days of those we studied went hand in hand with different ways of building subjectivities. This could be as much in exclusion and isolation as through building an active citizenship, at times in solitary and at times actively participating in the construction of communal life. In this investigation, therefore, the challenges and opportunities of the home as workplace have been analysed, and through this analysis we have inquired into the role of current physical, organisational and symbolic frameworks for the home and for the city from the perspective of home workers. At the same time we have explored new types of homes and of town planning that could perhaps accompany social processes of diversity and inclusion as well as emancipation, cooperation and exchange and, in general, new forms of shared welfare in productive domestic environments. Methodologically, the singularities present in the cases studied also invite us to explore protocols of analysis, methods of design, management and government that, from the micro level, could dialogue with the peculiarities of day-to-day life. The author of this thesis, Diego Barajas, is an architect dedicated to practice, investigation and teaching. His work is focussed on exploring the mediating nature of architecture and the built environment in terms of daily life and its microrealities. He is professor of urban projects at the IE School of Architecture and member of Husos, a platform for investigation and town planning based in Madrid. He is the author of the book Dispersion, A Study of Global Mobility and the Dynamics of a Fictional Urbanism (Episode Publishers, Rotterdam, 2003) and his theoretical works and investigations have appeared in books such as The Domestic and The Foreign in Architecture (010 Publishers, 2008), Public Spheres, a Europan Discussion (Europan9, 2007), Photoespaña 05 (La Fábrica, Madrid, 2005), and in international magazines such as Domus, Volume, Abitare, Architese, Plot and Summa+. His work has been exhibited in places such as the Venice Biennial (main selection), the Rotterdam Biennial, the Tapies Foundation and Photoespaña, among others, and forms part of the permanent collection of the FRAC Centre in Orleans and the Historisch Museum of Rotterdam. Before studying in Rotterdam, he graduated with Honours from the University of the Andes in 1999, and his architecture degree thesis received the maximum distinction of Meritorious Graduation Project.

National policies for technical change: Where are the increasing returns to economic research?

Improvements over the past 30 years in statistical data, analysis, and related theory have strengthened the basis for science and technology policy by confirming the importance of technical change in national economic performance. But two important features of scientific and technological activities in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries are still not addressed adequately in mainstream economics: (i) the justification of public funding for basic research and (ii) persistent international differences in investment in research and development and related activities. In addition, one major gap is now emerging in our systems of empirical measurement—the development of software technology, especially in the service sector. There are therefore dangers of diminishing returns to the usefulness of economic research, which continues to rely completely on established theory and established statistical sources. Alternative propositions that deserve serious consideration are: (i) the economic usefulness of basic research is in the provision of (mainly tacit) skills rather than codified and applicable information; (ii) in developing and exploiting technological opportunities, institutional competencies are just as important as the incentive structures that they face; and (iii) software technology developed in traditional service sectors may now be a more important locus of technical change than software technology developed in “high-tech” manufacturing.

Creación automática de sistemas de búsqueda de respuestas en dominios restringidos

Los sistemas de búsqueda de respuestas (BR) se pueden considerar como potenciales sucesores de los buscadores tradicionales de información en la Web. Para que sean precisos deben adaptarse a dominios concretos mediante el uso de recursos semánticos adecuados. La adaptación no es una tarea trivial, ya que deben integrarse e incorporarse a sistemas de BR existentes varios recursos heterogéneos relacionados con un dominio restringido. Se presenta la herramienta Maraqa, cuya novedad radica en el uso de técnicas de ingeniería del software, como el desarrollo dirigido por modelos, para automatizar dicho proceso de adaptación a dominios restringidos. Se ha evaluado Maraqa mediante una serie de experimentos (sobre el dominio agrícola) que demuestran su viabilidad, mejorando en un 29,5% la precisión del sistema adaptado.

Sistema WEB para gestão de dossier de clientes da CPI RETAIL

Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Desenvolvimento de Software e Sistemas Interativos, realizada sob a orientação científica do Doutor Fernando Reinaldo Ribeiro, Professor Adjunto da Escola Superior de Tecnologia do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco

Modelling a biomass supply chain through discrete-event simulation

The organizational structure of the companies in the biomass energy sector, regarding the supply chain management services, can be greatly improved through the use of software decision support tools. These tools should be able to provide real-time alternative scenarios when deviations from the initial production plans are observed. To make this possible it is necessary to have representative production chain process models where several scenarios and solutions can be evaluated accurately. Due to its nature, this type of process is more adequately represented by means of event-based models. In particular, this work presents the modelling of a typical biomass production chain using the computing platform SIMEVENTS. Throughout the article details about the conceptual model, as well as simulation results, are provided

Practical domain-specific debuggers using the Moldable Debugger framework

Understanding the run-time behavior of software systems can be a challenging activity. Debuggers are an essential category of tools used for this purpose as they give developers direct access to the running systems. Nevertheless, traditional debuggers rely on generic mechanisms to introspect and interact with the running systems, while developers reason about and formulate domain-specific questions using concepts and abstractions from their application domains. This mismatch creates an abstraction gap between the debugging needs and the debugging support leading to an inefficient and error-prone debugging effort, as developers need to recover concrete domain concepts using generic mechanisms. To reduce this gap, and increase the efficiency of the debugging process, we propose a framework for developing domain-specific debuggers, called the Moldable Debugger, that enables debugging at the level of the application domain. The Moldable Debugger is adapted to a domain by creating and combining domain-specific debugging operations with domain-specific debugging views, and adapts itself to a domain by selecting, at run time, appropriate debugging operations and views. To ensure the proposed model has practical applicability (i.e., can be used in practice to build real debuggers), we discuss, from both a performance and usability point of view, three implementation strategies. We further motivate the need for domain-specific debugging, identify a set of key requirements and show how our approach improves debugging by adapting the debugger to several domains.

Bottle

Miotti Family, Factory of; H: 9 13/32 in.; glass, enameled

Developing context-aware pervasive computing applications: Models and approach

There is growing interest in the use of context-awareness as a technique for developing pervasive computing applications that are flexible, adaptable, and capable of acting autonomously on behalf of users. However, context-awareness introduces a variety of software engineering challenges. In this paper, we address these challenges by proposing a set of conceptual models designed to support the software engineering process, including context modelling techniques, a preference model for representing context-dependent requirements, and two programming models. We also present a software infrastructure and software engineering process that can be used in conjunction with our models. Finally, we discuss a case study that demonstrates the strengths of our models and software engineering approach with respect to a set of software quality metrics.

A case study in specification and implementation testing

Achieving consistency between a specification and its implementation is an important part of software development In previous work, we have presented a method and tool support for testing a formal specification using animation and then verifying an implementation of that specification. The method is based on a testgraph, which provides a partial model of the application under test. The testgraph is used in combination with an animator to generate test sequences for testing the formal specification. The same testgraph is used during testing to execute those same sequences on the implementation and to ensure that the implementation conforms to the specification. So far, the method and its tool support have been applied to software components that can be accessed through an application programmer interface (API). In this paper, we use an industrially-based case study to discuss the problems associated with applying the method to a software system with a graphical user interface (GUI). In particular, the lack of a standardised interface, as well as controllability and observability problems, make it difficult to automate the testing of the implementation. The method can still be applied, but the amount of testing that can be carried on the implementation is limited by the manual effort involved.

Enhancing experiential learning via virtual environments

Research indicates Virtual Reality (VR) is delivering on it's promised potential to provide enhanced training and education outcomes. A significant research project, at the University of Queensland, has constructed a number of virtual contexts in which the phenomena experienced by patients who have psychosis are reproduced for use in psychiatry education. Symptoms of psychosis reproduced include delusions, hallucinations and thought disorder. The new software enables psychiatry students to experience the inner world of a patient with psychosis. Lecturers in psychiatry report VR has the potential to enhance student's abilities to actually 'feel' the types of emotions and physiological reactions a hallucination precipitates in a patient. The current work of the project and stages of software development will be demonstrated. The virtual environments provide a new method of delivering experiential learning opportunities to higher education classrooms.

Approximating differentiable relationships between delay embedded dynamical systems with radical basis functions

This thesis is about the study of relationships between experimental dynamical systems. The basic approach is to fit radial basis function maps between time delay embeddings of manifolds. We have shown that under certain conditions these maps are generically diffeomorphisms, and can be analysed to determine whether or not the manifolds in question are diffeomorphically related to each other. If not, a study of the distribution of errors may provide information about the lack of equivalence between the two. The method has applications wherever two or more sensors are used to measure a single system, or where a single sensor can respond on more than one time scale: their respective time series can be tested to determine whether or not they are coupled, and to what degree. One application which we have explored is the determination of a minimum embedding dimension for dynamical system reconstruction. In this special case the diffeomorphism in question is closely related to the predictor for the time series itself. Linear transformations of delay embedded manifolds can also be shown to have nonlinear inverses under the right conditions, and we have used radial basis functions to approximate these inverse maps in a variety of contexts. This method is particularly useful when the linear transformation corresponds to the delay embedding of a finite impulse response filtered time series. One application of fitting an inverse to this linear map is the detection of periodic orbits in chaotic attractors, using suitably tuned filters. This method has also been used to separate signals with known bandwidths from deterministic noise, by tuning a filter to stop the signal and then recovering the chaos with the nonlinear inverse. The method may have applications to the cancellation of noise generated by mechanical or electrical systems. In the course of this research a sophisticated piece of software has been developed. The program allows the construction of a hierarchy of delay embeddings from scalar and multi-valued time series. The embedded objects can be analysed graphically, and radial basis function maps can be fitted between them asynchronously, in parallel, on a multi-processor machine. In addition to a graphical user interface, the program can be driven by a batch mode command language, incorporating the concept of parallel and sequential instruction groups and enabling complex sequences of experiments to be performed in parallel in a resource-efficient manner.