5' and 3' UTR thymidylate synthase polymorphisms modulate the risk of colorectal cancer independently of the intake of methyl group donors

Thymidylate synthase, as a rate-limiting step in DNA synthesis, catalyses the conversion of dUMP into dTMP using 5,10-methylenotetrahydrofolate as the methyl donor. Two polymorphisms have been described in this gene: a repeat polymorphism in the 5' promoter enhancer region (3R versus 2R) and a 6 bp deletion in the 3' unstranslated region. Both of these may affect protein levels. The present case control study was aimed at investigating the influence of these two polymorphisms on the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as their potential interaction with folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 intake. A total of 196 cases and 200 controls, matched for age and sex distribution, were included in the study. No association was found between CRC and the 28 bp repeat polymorphism, but it was observed that individuals with the 6 bp/del and del/del genotypes had a significantly lower risk of developing the disease (OR=0.47; 95% CI 0.30-0.72). A combined genotype (2R/2R; 6 bp/del+del/del) was also found, which was associated with an even lower risk of developing of the disease (OR=0.42; 95% CI 0.26-0.69). No significant interaction between these polymorphisms and vitamin intake was observed. These results indicate for the first time that the 6 bp/del allele might be a protective factor in the development of CRC, independent of the intake of methyl group donors.

Desenvolvimento e procedimentos de validação de uma metodologia analítica por GC/MS/MS para a determinação de antidepressivos em sangue total

A depressão é uma das doenças de foro psiquiátrico que mais prevalece na nossa sociedade, subsistindo evidências epidemiológicas que indicam um aumento substancial da sua incidência nos últimos anos. Esta evidência é consubstanciada pelo aumento significativo do consumo de antidepressivos em Portugal. Este cenário pressupõe a necessidade de uma metodologia que permita analisar, com rigor e numa perspectiva de rotina, os antidepressivos que podem ser encontrados em amostras de sangue. No contexto do Serviço de Toxicologia Forense do Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal, Delegação do Norte, torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia analítica para a determinação simultânea de 15 antidepressivos em sangue total e a sua validação relativamente a vários parâmetros analíticos. Os antidepressivos considerados foram Amitriptilina, Citalopram, Clomipramina, N-Desmetilclomipramina, Dotiepina, Fluoxetina, Imipramina, Maprotilina, Mianserina, Mirtazapina, Nortriptilina, Paroxetina, Sertralina, Trimipramina e Venlafaxina. A técnica utilizada para este efeito foi o GC/MS/MS, aplicando um procedimento extractivo prévio apropriado, baseado em procedimentos convencionais de extracção em fase sólida. A escolha desta técnica teve por base a possibilidade de identificar inequivocamente os compostos presentes na amostra, independentemente da complexidade da matriz, e de originar metodologias com uma sensibilidade elevada e com limites de detecção muito baixos. Os parâmetros analíticos considerados para validação da metodologia estabelecida foram selectividade/especificidade e capacidade de identificação; limites de detecção e de quantificação; linearidade e gama de trabalho; eficiência de extracção; arrastamento; exactidão (precisão, veracidade e incerteza de medição) e robustez. Com excepção da exactidão, um parâmetro que carece ainda de estudos complementares, todos os parâmetros estudados foram validados de acordo com os requisitos internos do Serviço. De uma forma geral, os resultados obtidos com o método desenvolvido revelaram-se selectivos e apresentaram respostas analíticas tanto para concentrações de antidepressivos em níveis terapêuticos como para níveis letais destas drogas. Os procedimentos extractivos revelaram-se eficazes e não foram verificados fenómenos de arrastamento em concentrações mais elevadas. O método foi ainda considerado robusto.

Síntese e caracterização de redes metalo-orgânicas de fármacos

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Química e Biológica

Synthesis, structural characterization and leishmanicidal activity evaluation of ferrocenyl N-heterocyclic compounds

Agência Financiadora: FCT - PTDC/QUI/72656/2006 ; SFRH/BPD/27454/2006; SFRH/BPD/44082/2008; SFRH/BPD/41138/2007

Synthesis and properties of Co-doped titanate nanotubes and their optical sensitization with methylene blue

Agência Financiadora - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - PTDC/CTM NAN/113021/2009

A new fluorescent double-cavity calix[4]arene: synthesis and complexation studies toward nitroanilines

Agência Financiadora: Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/MCTES (Portugal) - PEst-OE/EQB/UI0702/2012

Automatic synthesis of VHDL Hardware Components from IOPT Petri Net models

Conferência: 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial-Electronics-Society (IECON), Vienna, Austria, Nov 10-14, 2013

Benzo[c]thiophene chromophores linked to cationic Fe and Ru derivatives for NLO materials: synthesis characterization and quadratic hyperpolarizabilities

5-Monocyclopentadienyliron(II)/ruthenium(II) complexes of the general formula [M(5-C5H5)(PP)(L1)][PF6] {M = Fe, PP = dppe; M = Ru, PP = dppe or 2PPh3; L1 = 5-[3-(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c]thiophenyl]thiophene-2-carbonitrile} have been synthesized and studied to evaluate their molecular quadratic hyperpolarizabilities. The compounds were fully characterized by NMR, FTIR and UV/Vis spectroscopy and their electrochemical behaviour studied by cyclic voltammetry. Quadratic hyperpolarizabilities () were determined by hyper-Rayleigh scattering measurements at a fundamental wavelength of 1500 nm. Density functional theory calculations were employed to rationalize the second-order non-linear optical properties of these complexes.

Electrochemical DNA-sensor for evaluation of total antioxidant capacity of flavours and flavoured waters using superoxide radical damage

In this paper, a biosensor based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was used for the evaluation of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of flavours and flavoured waters. This biosensor was constructed by immobilising purine bases, guanine and adenine, on a GCE. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) was selected for the development of this methodology. Damage caused by the reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide radical (O2·−), generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase (XOD) system on the DNA-biosensor was evaluated. DNA-biosensor encountered with oxidative lesion when it was in contact with the O2·−. There was less oxidative damage when reactive antioxidants were added. The antioxidants used in this work were ascorbic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid and resveratrol. These antioxidants are capable of scavenging the superoxide radical and therefore protect the purine bases immobilized on the GCE surface. The results demonstrated that the DNA-based biosensor is suitable for the rapid assess of TAC in beverages.

Evaluation of the total antioxidant capacity of flavored water and electrochemical purine damage by sulfate radicals using a purine-based sensor

In this study, a method for the electrochemical quantification of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in beverages was developed. The method is based on the oxidative damage to the purine bases, adenine or guanine, that are immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface. The oxidative lesions on the DNA bases were promoted by the sulfate radical generated by the persulfate/iron(II) system. The presence of antioxidants on the reactive system promoted the protection of the DNA bases immobilized on the GCE by scavenging the sulfate radical. Square-wave voltammetry (SWV) was the electrochemical technique used to perform this study. The efficiencies of five antioxidants (ascorbic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid and resveratrol) in scavenging the sulfate radical and, therefore, their ability to protect the purine bases immobilized on the GCE were investigated. These results demonstrated that the purine-based biosensor is suitable for the rapid assessment of the TAC in flavors and flavored water.

Facile synthesis of freestanding Si nanowire arrays by one-step template-free electro-deoxidation of SiO2 in molten salt

This communication presents a novel kind of silicon nanomaterial: freestanding Si nanowire arrays (Si NWAs), which are synthesized facilely by one-step template-free electro-deoxidation of SiO2 in molten CaCl2. The self-assembling growth process of this material is also investigated preliminarily.

Validation of a single-extraction procedure for sequential analysis of vitamin E, cholesterol, fatty acids, and total fat in seafood

Food lipid major components are usually analyzed by individual methodologies using diverse extractive procedures for each class. A simple and fast extractive procedure was devised for the sequential analysis of vitamin E, cholesterol, fatty acids, and total fat estimation in seafood, reducing analyses time and organic solvent consumption. Several liquid/liquid-based extractive methodologies using chlorinated and non-chlorinated organic solvents were tested. The extract obtained is used for vitamin E quantification (normal-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection), total cholesterol (normal-phase HPLC with UV detection), fatty acid profile, and total fat estimation (GC-FID), all accomplished in <40 min. The final methodology presents an adequate linearity range and sensitivity for tocopherol and cholesterol, with intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD) from 3 to 11 % for all the components. The developed methodology was applied to diverse seafood samples with positive outcomes, making it a very attractive technique for routine analyses in standard equipped laboratories in the food quality control field.

Synthesis and characterization of rabies virus glycoprotein-tagged amphiphilic cyclodextrins for siRNA delivery in human glioblastoma cells: in vitro analysis

In man brain cancer is an aggressive, malignant form of tumour, it is highly infiltrative in nature, is associated with cellular heterogeneity and affects cerebral hemispheres of the brain. Current drug therapies are inadequate and an unmet clinical need exists to develop new improved therapeutics. The ability to silence genes associated with disease progression by using short interfering RNA (siRNA) presents the potential to develop safe and effective therapies. In this work, in order to protect the siRNA from degradation, promote cell specific uptake and enhance gene silencing efficiency, a PEGylated cyclodextrin (CD)-based nanoparticle, tagged with a CNS-targeting peptide derived from the rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) was formulated and characterized. The modified cyclodextrin derivatives were synthesized and co-formulated to form nanoparticles containing siRNA which were analysed for size, surface charge, stability, cellular uptake and gene-knockdown in brain cancer cells. The results identified an optimised co-formulation prototype at a molar ratio of 1:1.5:0.5 (cationic cyclodextrin:PEGylated cyclodextrin:RVG-tagged PEGylated cyclodextrin) with a size of 281±39.72nm, a surface charge of 26.73±3mV, with efficient cellular uptake and a 27% gene-knockdown ability. This CD-based formulation represents a potential nanocomplex for systemic delivery of siRNA targeting brain cancer.

A filosofia da qualidade total aplicada a uma empresa do sector alimentar

Mestrado em Controlo de Gestão e dos Negócios

Fontes de fósforo total e o estado trófico de albufeiras em Portugal continental

O estudo realizado incidiu sobre 260 albufeiras, identificadas em diferentes fontes de informação e localizadas em Portugal continental. De entre as massas de água identificadas procedeu-se à classificação do estado trófico de 92 albufeiras, todas para as quais se dispõe de dados de qualidade da água para o efeito. Destas, de acordo com o critério de classificação adoptado em Portugal, 60 foram classificadas como eutróficas, em resultado principalmente das concentrações de fósforo total. Após a delimitação das bacias drenantes de 194 albufeiras, foram implementadas metodologias de quantificação de fósforo total afluente a essas massas de água. Com recurso a um modelo de balanço de massas foram simuladas as concentrações de fósforo total em 80 albufeiras, tendo sido considerados adequados os resultados obtidos em 42 albufeiras. Com base nos resultados obtidos concluiu-se que as metodologias de quantificação de fósforo total de origem urbana e de origem difusa são adequadas ao desenvolvimento de estudos de planeamento e de identificação das principais fontes de fósforo total, em águas doces superficiais.