Irakurketa zailtasunei aurrea hartzeko software didaktiko baten diseinua eta ebaluazioa.

369 p.

Concreto celular polimérico: influência na adição de resíduo de poliéster insaturado termofixo

This work addresses the production of lightweight concrete building elements, such as plates, prefabricated slabs for pre-molded and panels of fencing, presenting a singular concrete: the Lightweight Concrete, with special properties such low density and good strength, by means of the joint use of industrial waste of thermosetting unsaturated polyesters and biodegradable foaming agent, named Polymeric Lightweight Concrete. This study covered various features of the materials used in the composition of the Polymeric Lightweight Concrete, using a planning of factorial design 23, aiming at studying of the strength, production, dosage processes, characterization of mechanical properties and microstructural analysis of the transition zone between the light artificial aggregate and the matrix of cement. The results of the mechanical strength tests were analyzed using a computational statistics tool (Statistica software) to understand the behavior and obtain the ideal quantity of each material used in the formula of the Polymeric Lightweight Concrete. The definition of the ideal formula has the purpose of obtaining a material with the lowest possible dry density and resistance to compression in accordance with NBR 12.646/92 (≥ 2.5 MPa after 28 days). In the microstructural characterization by scanning electron microscopy it was observed an influence of the materials in the process of cement hydration, showing good interaction between the wrinkled face of the residue of unsaturated polyesters thermosetting and putty and, consequently, the final strength. The attaining of an ideal formula, given the Brazilian standards, the experimental results obtained in the characterization and comparison of these results with conventional materials, confirmed that the developed Polymeric Lightweight Concrete is suitable for the production of building elements that are advantageous for construction

Incorporação de Software multimédia e de informação em sistema informação geográfica

Dissertação de mestrado, Geomática, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2014

Construção de um aparato experimental para monitoramento in situ da deposição de filmes finos de titânio por magnetron sputtering

The technique of surface coating using magnetron sputtering is one of the most widely used in the surface engineering, for its versatility in obtaining different films as well as in the micro / nanometric thickness control. Among the various process parameters, those related to the active species of the plasma are of the most fundamental importance in the mechanism and kinetics of deposition. In order to identify the active species of the plasma, parameters such as gas flow, pressure and density of electric power were varied during titanium coating on glass substrate. By flowing argon gas of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 sccm (cubic centimeters per minute) for each gas flow a sequential scan of the electric current of 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 , 0.50 A. The maximum value of 0.50 A was chosen based both on literature data and on limitations of the equipment. The monitoring of plasma species present during the deposition was carried out in situ by the technique of optical emission spectroscopy (OES) through the spectrometer Ocean Optics USB2000 Series. For this purpose, an apparatus was developed to adapt the OES inside the plasma reactor to stay positioned closest to the target. The radiations emitted by the species were detected by an optical fiber placed behind the glass substrate and their intensities as a function of wavelength were, displayed on a monitor screen. The acquisition time for each condition of the plain parameters was related to the minima of spectral lines intensities due to the film formed on the substrate. The intensities of different emission lines of argon and titanium were then analyzed as a function of time, to determine the active species and estimate the thickness of the deposited films. After the deposition, the coated glasses thin films were characterized by optical transmittance through an infrared laser. It was found that the thickness and deposition rate determined by in situ analysis were consistent with the results obtained by laser transmittance

Modelagem analítica e experimental da filtração em meios porosos

Deep bed filtration occurs in several industrial and environmental processes like water filtration and soil contamination. In petroleum industry, deep bed filtration occurs near to injection wells during water injection, causing injectivity reduction. It also takes place during well drilling, sand production control, produced water disposal in aquifers, etc. The particle capture in porous media can be caused by different physical mechanisms (size exclusion, electrical forces, bridging, gravity, etc). A statistical model for filtration in porous media is proposed and analytical solutions for suspended and retained particles are derived. The model, which incorporates particle retention probability, is compared with the classical deep bed filtration model allowing a physical interpretation of the filtration coefficients. Comparison of the obtained analytical solutions for the proposed model with the classical model solutions allows concluding that the larger the particle capture probability, the larger the discrepancy between the proposed and the classical models

Remoção de ruídos sísmicos utilizando transformada de wavelet 1D e 2D com software em desenvolvimento

In the Hydrocarbon exploration activities, the great enigma is the location of the deposits. Great efforts are undertaken in an attempt to better identify them, locate them and at the same time, enhance cost-effectiveness relationship of extraction of oil. Seismic methods are the most widely used because they are indirect, i.e., probing the subsurface layers without invading them. Seismogram is the representation of the Earth s interior and its structures through a conveniently disposed arrangement of the data obtained by seismic reflection. A major problem in this representation is the intensity and variety of present noise in the seismogram, as the surface bearing noise that contaminates the relevant signals, and may mask the desired information, brought by waves scattered in deeper regions of the geological layers. It was developed a tool to suppress these noises based on wavelet transform 1D and 2D. The Java language program makes the separation of seismic images considering the directions (horizontal, vertical, mixed or local) and bands of wavelengths that form these images, using the Daubechies Wavelets, Auto-resolution and Tensor Product of wavelet bases. Besides, it was developed the option in a single image, using the tensor product of two-dimensional wavelets or one-wavelet tensor product by identities. In the latter case, we have the wavelet decomposition in a two dimensional signal in a single direction. This decomposition has allowed to lengthen a certain direction the two-dimensional Wavelets, correcting the effects of scales by applying Auto-resolutions. In other words, it has been improved the treatment of a seismic image using 1D wavelet and 2D wavelet at different stages of Auto-resolution. It was also implemented improvements in the display of images associated with breakdowns in each Auto-resolution, facilitating the choices of images with the signals of interest for image reconstruction without noise. The program was tested with real data and the results were good

Design gráfico da pluma de contaminação por compostos orgânicos voláteiss utilizando software CAD na investigação de passivo ambiental em um posto revendedor de combustíveis em Natal/RN

Among the potentially polluting economic activities that compromise the quality of groundwater are the gas stations. The city of Natal has about 120 gas stations, of which only has an environmental license for operation. Discontinuities in the offices were notified by the Public Ministry of Rio Grande do Norte to carry out the environmental adaptations, among which is the investigation of environmental liabilities. The preliminary and confirmatory stages of this investigation consisted in the evaluation of soil gas surveys with two confirmatory chemical analysis of BTEX, PAH and TPH. To get a good evaluation and interpretation of results obtained in the field, it became necessary three-dimensional representation of them. We used a CAD software to graph the equipment installed in a retail service station fuel in Natal, as well as the plumes of contamination by volatile organic compounds. The tool was concluded that contamination is not located in the current system of underground storage of fuel development, but reflects the historical past in which tanks were removed not tight gasoline and diesel

Estudo do processo de combustão in-situ usando poços horizontais como produtores de óleo (Toe-to-Hell Air Injection)

The method "toe-to-heel air injection" (THAITM) is a process of enhanced oil recovery, which is the integration of in-situ combustion with technological advances in drilling horizontal wells. This method uses horizontal wells as producers of oil, keeping vertical injection wells to inject air. This process has not yet been applied in Brazil, making it necessary, evaluation of these new technologies applied to local realities, therefore, this study aimed to perform a parametric study of the combustion process with in-situ oil production in horizontal wells, using a semi synthetic reservoir, with characteristics of the Brazilian Northeast basin. The simulations were performed in a commercial software "STARS" (Steam, Thermal, and Advanced Processes Reservoir Simulator), from CMG (Computer Modelling Group). The following operating parameters were analyzed: air rate, configuration of producer wells and oxygen concentration. A sensitivity study on cumulative oil (Np) was performed with the technique of experimental design, with a mixed model of two and three levels (32x22), a total of 36 runs. Also, it was done a technical economic estimative for each model of fluid. The results showed that injection rate was the most influence parameter on oil recovery, for both studied models, well arrangement depends on fluid model, and oxygen concentration favors recovery oil. The process can be profitable depends on air rate

Uso de agentes inteligentes no controle simultâneo da largura e do reforço dos cordões de solda no processo GMAW-S

Tese (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, 2016.

Avaliação do comportamento dinâmico da torre sineira da Sé Catedral do Funchal

O objetivo principal deste trabalho consiste na caracterização dinâmica da Torre Sineira da Sé Catedral do Funchal. Esta caracterização tem como base o recurso a técnicas de análise experimental, e em simultâneo, a simulações numéricas. As técnicas experimentais utilizadas baseiam-se na utilização de metodologias de identificação dinâmica com base em medições da resposta estrutural provocada pela excitação ambiente, i.e. vento e tráfego. A campanha de ensaios foi realizada em cinco séries de medição com acelerômetros piezoelétricos de alta sensibilidade e recorrendo a equipamento de aquisição de dados de alto desempenho. Ao longo do trabalho são descritas as principais características dos ensaios, bem como os resultados obtidos recorrendo a técnicas de análise modal operacional, culminando na obtenção dos parâmetros modais dos principais modos de vibração da estrutura. Após o tratamento dos resultados obtidos experimentalmente, estes foram usados para calibrar um modelo numérico implementado num software comercial de elementos finitos. Este modelo tem como base técnicas de modelação correntemente utilizadas na simulação deste tipo de estruturas, bem como parâmetros plausíveis para definir o comportamento mecânico dos materiais. Posteriormente, os resultados obtidos em ambas as abordagens são diretamente comparados, tendo sido possível observar uma boa correspondência entre ambos. Esta dissertação termina com as principais conclusões e com a identificação dos principais desenvolvimentos para trabalhos futuros.

Estudo experimental da ventilação e do comportamento térmico de uma cobertura em telha cerâmica com beiral ventilado e sub-telha nas estações do outono e do inverno

Com o crescente avanço tecnológico as questões ambientais bem como a eficiência energética assumem cada vez maior relevância e, neste sentido, torna-se imperativo pensar de uma forma mais eficaz e eficiente tanto ao nível ambiental como energético, aliando a eficiência energética a um menor nível dos consumos energéticos. Uma das medidas para melhorar a eficiência energética passa pela construção de edifícios mais eficientes utilizando diversas tecnologias passivas. Assim sendo, este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o comportamento térmico e as consequências da ventilação numa cobertura em telha cerâmica e subtelha com beiral ventilado, durante os meses de Outono e Inverno. Através de instrumentação diversa colocada numa célula-teste e no ambiente exterior envolvente obtiveram-se diversos dados experimentais relativos a fatores ambientais tais como: temperaturas, humidades relativas, velocidade do ar, radiação solar, entre outros. Fez-se uma avaliação dos dados experimentais recolhidos e da transferência de calor verificada nesses meses. Os resultados mostram que tanto o comportamento térmico bem como a ventilação da caixa-de-ar são fortemente dependentes das condições do ar exterior e da radiação solar, o que tendo em conta os meses de estudo ,permite concluir que a tipologia da cobertura pode não se tornar vantajosa neste período. No entanto, os valores de humidade relativa registados em toda a cobertura bem como no interior da célula demonstram que a ventilação na caixa-de-ar é um fator relevante que contribui para reduzir a possibilidade de ocorrência da condensação do vapor de água contido no ar, ou seja, não existem períodos muito longos com valores de humidade relativa elevados, contribuído para a sua salubridade.

Experimental and modeling studies of forced convection storage and drying systems for sweet potatoes

Sweet potato is an important strategic agricultural crop grown in many countries around the world. The roots and aerial vine components of the crop are used for both human consumption and, to some extent as a cheap source of animal feed. In spite of its economic value and growing contribution to health and nutrition, harvested sweet potato roots and aerial vine components has limited shelf-life and is easily susceptible to post-harvest losses. Although post-harvest losses of both sweet potato roots and aerial vine components is significant, there is no information available that will support the design and development of appropriate storage and preservation systems. In this context, the present study was initiated to improve scientific knowledge about sweet potato post-harvest handling. Additionally, the study also seeks to develop a PV ventilated mud storehouse for storage of sweet potato roots under tropical conditions. In study one, airflow resistance of sweet potato aerial vine components was investigated. The influence of different operating parameters such as airflow rate, moisture content and bulk depth at different levels on airflow resistance was analyzed. All the operating parameters were observed to have significant (P < 0.01) effect on airflow resistance. Prediction models were developed and were found to adequately describe the experimental pressure drop data. In study two, the resistance of airflow through unwashed and clean sweet potato roots was investigated. The effect of sweet potato roots shape factor, surface roughness, orientation to airflow, and presence of soil fraction on airflow resistance was also assessed. The pressure drop through unwashed and clean sweet potato roots was observed to increase with higher airflow, bed depth, root grade composition, and presence of soil fraction. The physical properties of the roots were incorporated into a modified Ergun model and compared with a modified Shedd’s model. The modified Ergun model provided the best fit to the experimental data when compared with the modified Shedd’s model. In study three, the effect of sweet potato root size (medium and large), different air velocity and temperature on the cooling/or heating rate and time of individual sweet potato roots were investigated. Also, a simulation model which is based on the fundamental solution of the transient equations was proposed for estimating the cooling and heating time at the centre of sweet potato roots. The results showed that increasing air velocity during cooling and heating significantly (P < 0.05) affects the cooling and heating times. Furthermore, the cooling and heating times were significantly different (P < 0.05) among medium and large size sweet potato roots. Comparison of the simulation results with experimental data confirmed that the transient simulation model can be used to accurately estimate the cooling and heating times of whole sweet potato roots under forced convection conditions. In study four, the performance of charcoal evaporative cooling pad configurations for integration into sweet potato roots storage systems was investigated. The experiments were carried out at different levels of air velocity, water flow rates, and three pad configurations: single layer pad (SLP), double layers pad (DLP) and triple layers pad (TLP) made out of small and large size charcoal particles. The results showed that higher air velocity has tremendous effect on pressure drop. Increasing the water flow rate above the range tested had no practical benefits in terms of cooling. It was observed that DLP and TLD configurations with larger wet surface area for both types of pads provided high cooling efficiencies. In study five, CFD technique in the ANSYS Fluent software was used to simulate airflow distribution in a low-cost mud storehouse. By theoretically investigating different geometries of air inlet, plenum chamber, and outlet as well as its placement using ANSYS Fluent software, an acceptable geometry with uniform air distribution was selected and constructed. Experimental measurements validated the selected design. In study six, the performance of the developed PV ventilated system was investigated. Field measurements showed satisfactory results of the directly coupled PV ventilated system. Furthermore, the option of integrating a low-cost evaporative cooling system into the mud storage structure was also investigated. The results showed a reduction of ambient temperature inside the mud storehouse while relative humidity was enhanced. The ability of the developed storage system to provide and maintain airflow, temperature and relative humidity which are the key parameters for shelf-life extension of sweet potato roots highlight its ability to reduce post-harvest losses at the farmer level, particularly under tropical climate conditions.

Avaliação do comportamento dinâmico da torre sineira da Sé Catedral do Funchal

O objetivo principal deste trabalho consiste na caracterização dinâmica da Torre Sineira da Sé Catedral do Funchal. Esta caracterização tem como base o recurso a técnicas de análise experimental, e em simultâneo, a simulações numéricas. As técnicas experimentais utilizadas baseiam-se na utilização de metodologias de identificação dinâmica com base em medições da resposta estrutural provocada pela excitação ambiente, i.e. vento e tráfego. A campanha de ensaios foi realizada em cinco séries de medição com acelerômetros piezoelétricos de alta sensibilidade e recorrendo a equipamento de aquisição de dados de alto desempenho. Ao longo do trabalho são descritas as principais características dos ensaios, bem como os resultados obtidos recorrendo a técnicas de análise modal operacional, culminando na obtenção dos parâmetros modais dos principais modos de vibração da estrutura. Após o tratamento dos resultados obtidos experimentalmente, estes foram usados para calibrar um modelo numérico implementado num software comercial de elementos finitos. Este modelo tem como base técnicas de modelação correntemente utilizadas na simulação deste tipo de estruturas, bem como parâmetros plausíveis para definir o comportamento mecânico dos materiais. Posteriormente, os resultados obtidos em ambas as abordagens são diretamente comparados, tendo sido possível observar uma boa correspondência entre ambos. Esta dissertação termina com as principais conclusões e com a identificação dos principais desenvolvimentos para trabalhos futuros.

Estimation of climatological water deficit in an experimental watershed in the brazilian cerrado.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to estimate the probability of climatological water deficit in an experimental watershed in the Cerrado biome, located in the central plateau of Brazil. For that, it was used a time series of 31 years (1982?2012). The probable climatological water deficit was calculated by the difference between rainfall and probable reference evapotranspiration, on a decennial scale. The reference evapotranspiration (ET0) was estimated by the standard FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method. To estimate water deficit, it was used gamma distribution, time series of rainfall and reference evapotranspiration. The adherence of the estimated probabilities to the observed data was verified by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov nonparametric test, with significance level (a-0.05), which presented a good adjustment to the distribution models. It was observed a climatological water deficit, in greater or lesser intensity, between the annual decennials 2 and 32.

Software educativo para el aprendizaje creativo del curso “Embriología comparada”

Recibido 4 de abril de 2011 • Aceptado 26 de agosto de 2011 • Corregido 13 de octubre de 2011      El estudio del que da cuenta este artículo tuvo como objetivo diagnosticar la necesidad de un software educativo sobre el proceso de segmentación en animales para promover el aprendizaje creativo de los estudiantes en el curso Embriología comparada, de la Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador en Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela. Se apoyó en una investigación de campo de naturaleza descriptiva, los sujetos en estudio fueron 32 estudiantes cursantes de la asignatura durante el lapso académico I-2009. Se diseñó y aplicó un cuestionario en formato tipo Likert, el cual fue validado a través del juicio de expertos y su confiabilidad determinada con el Coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Los datos fueron recolectados y posteriormente analizados mediante la estadística descriptiva, se construyeron tablas de frecuencias y porcentajes para la presentación de los mismos. Los resultados revelan que existe, entre los estudiantes de Embriología comparada, una muy alta necesidad de contar con un software educativo que permita su aprendizaje creativo, un recurso en formato electrónico adaptado a las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación.