El fondo antiguo: su estructura conceptual

El presente trabajo analiza los diversos términos utilizados para designar a un conjunto de objetos bibliográficos y documentales que se resguardan en las bibliotecas de manera especial. El análisis y la reflexión pretenden conducir hacia la propuesta del concepto de Fondo Antiguo como el más idóneo para designar un conjunto de objetos valiosos porque representan una herencia cultural compartida por todas las sociedades. Se pone el énfasis en el proceso de valoración patrimonial y especialmente cómo fundamentan los valores históricos, estéticos y de conocimiento la importancia de transmitir los testimonios del pasado. Finalmente se analiza la vinculación entre el concepto Fondo Antiguo, que proponemos, y la perspectiva de los bienes culturales como la categoría superior de reconocimiento y valoración que realizan los Estados sobre los elementos que constituyen su patrimonio cultural. Este trabajo pretende aportar elementos de reflexión que conduzcan a delimitar el espacio y la función de los conceptos dentro de las argumentaciones teóricas para evitar confusiones en su uso e interpretación.

Clustering of lifestyle risk behaviours among residents of forty deprived neighbourhoods in London: lessons for targeting public health interventions

Background Clustering of lifestyle risk behaviours is very important in predicting premature mortality. Understanding the extent to which risk behaviours are clustered in deprived communities is vital to most effectively target public health interventions. Methods We examined co-occurrence and associations between risk behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption, poor diet, low physical activity and high sedentary time) reported by adults living in deprived London neighbourhoods. Associations between sociodemographic characteristics and clustered risk behaviours were examined. Latent class analysis was used to identify underlying clustering of behaviours. Results Over 90% of respondents reported at least one risk behaviour. Reporting specific risk behaviours predicted reporting of further risk behaviours. Latent class analyses revealed four underlying classes. Membership of a maximal risk behaviour class was more likely for young, white males who were unable to work. Conclusions Compared with recent national level analysis, there was a weaker relationship between education and clustering of behaviours and a very high prevalence of clustering of risk behaviours in those unable to work. Young, white men who report difficulty managing on income were at high risk of reporting multiple risk behaviours. These groups may be an important target for interventions to reduce premature mortality caused by multiple risk behaviours.

Étude de l'influence des caractéristiques des granulats sur la performance des bétons fluides à rhéologie adaptée

Les caractéristiques physiques des granulats ont une forte influence sur la performance du béton, y compris l'ouvrabilité du béton, la zone de transition, le module d'élasticité, la résistance mécanique, etc. Comparativement aux bétons conventionnels vibrés, les bétons fluides à rhéologie adapté (BFRA) beaucoup plus complexes, doivent présenter une bonne stabilité (résistance à la ségrégation), une bonne rhéologie et les résistances mécaniques souhaitées. Le choix des granulats joue un rôle majeur pour l'obtention de ces différentes propriétés. Une meilleure compréhension de l'influence des caractéristiques physiques sur la performance des BFRA est nécessaire pour leur optimisation afin d'obtenir un bon rapport performance-coût. L'objectif principal de cette étude est de comprendre l'influence des propriétés physiques des granulats (forme, densité, granulométrie, module de finesse, et la quantité de particules plates ou allongées) sur la demande en superplastifiant, la rhéologie et les propriétés mécaniques des BFRA. Les types de bétons étudiés sont les bétons autoplaçants (BAP) destinés à la construction de bâtiments, les bétons semi-autoplaçants (BSAP) destinés pour la construction et la réparation des infrastructures et les BAP destinés à la préfabrication. Quatre rapports sable/granulat total (S/G), deux sables composés (manufacturé et naturel) au laboratoire de différentes finesses (MF = 2,5 et MF = 3) et un sable naturel provenant d'usines ont été utilisés. L'influence de la compacité granulaire, du type de sable (naturel vs manufacturé) et de la teneur en fines du squelette granulaire sur les propriétés rhéologiques et mécaniques des BFRA est étudiée. Douze mélanges de BSAP ont été formulés à cet effet. L'influence du type de granulométrie (continue ou discontinue), du diamètre nominal maximal des gros granulats (10, 14 et 20 mm) et de la forme des gros granulats (roulé, aplati et allongé) sur les propriétés rhéologiques et mécaniques des BFRA ont été étudiées. Quatre types de gros granulats provenant de l'industrie et sept gros granulats reconstitués en laboratoire ont été utilisés pour prendre en compte tous ces paramètres. Les résultats montrent que la compacité granulaire est une donnée importante à prendre en compte pour la formulation d'un BFRA (BAP ou BSAP). Cette étude a également montré que les particules fines de diamètres inférieurs à 315 [micro]m sont celles qui influencent les paramètres rhéologiques des BSAP. Pour un rapport E/L constant et un diamètre d'étalement fixe, l'augmentation de la teneur de particules passant le tamis 315 [micro]m augmente la viscosité plastique, diminue le seuil de cisaillement et augmente la stabilité statique des bétons. Cette étude préconise l'utilisation des granulats concassés de granulométrie continue contenant des particules équidimensionnelles pour améliorer les propriétés rhéologiques des bétons. Enfin, grâce à cette étude, la production des BAP dans les industries connaîtra une avancée majeure par un choix stratégique des granulats. Les industries pourront notamment faire une utilisation optimale des superplastifiants, adapter la rhéologie des BAP (viscosité plastique et seuil de cisaillement) au type de BAP tout en conservant leurs caractéristiques mécaniques. Cette étude bien que scientifique, répond en d'autres termes aux besoins de l'industrie car elle propose un bon rapport performance-coût des BAP.

Mitarbeiter-Kapitalbeteiligung : Attraktive Kapitalquelle für mittelständische Unternehmen

Im Buch wird die Kapitalversorgung mittelständischer Unternehmen durch Beteiligung der Mitarbeiter behandelt.

Planen, Lehren und Lernen in der Krankenpflegeausbildung : Begründungsrahmen und Entwicklung eines offenen, fächerintegrativen Curriculums für die theoretische Ausbildung. Teil 2: Ein offenes, fächerintegratives Curriculum für die theoretische Ausbildung

In Teil I der Arbeit wird im ersten Kapitel eine Analyse der krankenpflegerischen Ausbildungssituation vorgenommen, der dann eine Konkretisierung der didaktisch-curriculumtheoretischen Standortbestimmung des Projekts folgt (zweites Kapitel. Im Begründungszusammenhang dieser Erörterungen werden im dritten Kapitel die grundlegenden Ziel- und Inhaltsentscheidungen, die in Zusammenarbeit mit den Praktikern entstanden sind, dargestellt. Das vierte Kapitel enthält einen Rückblick über den curricularen Entwicklungsprozeß und leitet daraus Schlußfolgerungen ab. Teil II besteht im wesentlichen aus dem "offenen, fächerintegrativen Curriculum für die theoretische Krankenpflegeausbildung", in dessen Anwendung vorher kurz eingeführt wird und dessen Umsetzung am Beispiel der Krankenpflegeschule, an der es entwickelt worden ist, im Anhang verdeutlicht wird.

Planen, Lehren und Lernen in der Krankenpflegeausbildung : Begründungsrahmen und Entwicklung eines offenen, fächerintegrativen Curriculums für die theoretische Ausbildung

In Teil I der Arbeit wird im ersten Kapitel eine Analyse der krankenpflegerischen Ausbildungssituation vorgenommen, der dann eine Konkretisierung der didaktisch-curriculumtheoretischen Standortbestimmung des Projekts folgt (zweites Kapitel. Im Begründungszusammenhang dieser Erörterungen werden im dritten Kapitel die grundlegenden Ziel- und Inhaltsentscheidungen, die in Zusammenarbeit mit den Praktikern entstanden sind, dargestellt. Das vierte Kapitel enthält einen Rückblick über den curricularen Entwicklungsprozeß und leitet daraus Schlußfolgerungen ab. Teil II besteht im wesentlichen aus dem "offenen, fächerintegrativen Curriculum für die theoretische Krankenpflegeausbildung", in dessen Anwendung vorher kurz eingeführt wird und dessen Umsetzung am Beispiel der Krankenpflegeschule, an der es entwickelt worden ist, im Anhang verdeutlicht wird.

Die Bedeutung der Erziehungswissenschaft für die Didaktik der Pflege

Das Referat klärt zuerst, was man unter "Didaktik der Pflege" versteht und inwieweit allgemeindidaktische Zielsetzungen eine Bedeutung für die Pflegeausbildung haben. Dann werden wichtige didaktische Kriterien für die Auswahl von Inhalten der Pflegeausbildung erörtert und gleichzeitig werden Fragestellungen für eine zukünftige Pflegedidaktik formuliert.

Die Bedeutung der neoliberalen Transformation des Arbeitsmarktes für das gegenwärtige Hochschulstudium

Vortrag an der Fakultät V der Fachhochschule Hannover am Mittwoch, den 19. Oktober 2011.

The Politics of Minister Retention in Presidential Systems: Technocrats, Partisans, and Government Approval

This article examines the impact of presidential approval and individual minister profiles on minister turnover. It claims that, in order to prioritize sustainable policy performance and cabinet loyalty, government chiefs protect and remove technocrats, partisans, and outsider ministers conditional on government approval. The study offers an operational definition of minister profiles that relies on fuzzy-set measures of technical expertise and political affiliation, and tests the hypotheses using survival analysis with an original dataset for the Argentine case (1983–2011). The findings show that popular presidents are likely to protect experts more than partisan ministers, but not outsiders.

Managing sales people strategically when promoting new products: Incorporating market orientation into a sales management control framework

Salespeople play a pivotal role in promoting new products. Therefore, managers need to know what control mechanism (i.e., output-based control, behavior-based control, or knowledge-based control) can improve their salespeople's new product sales performance. Furthermore, managers may be able to assist salespeople in performing better by having a strong market orientation. The literature has been inconsistent regarding the effects of sales management control mechanisms and has not yet incorporated market orientation into a sales management control framework. The current study surveyed 315 Taiwanese salespeople from publicly traded electronics companies with the aim of contributing to the sales management literature. The results show that sales management controls can directly affect salespeople's innovativeness, which, in turn, affects new product sales performance. However, sales management controls cannot affect performance directly. Furthermore, market orientation can positively moderate the relationship between salespeople's innovativeness and new product sales performance.

A NCRF 15 – Investimentos em subsidiárias e consolidação e suas Implicações Fiscais e de Auditoria

Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Contabilidade para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Auditoria Orientada por Professor Dr. João Domingues da Costa

A escrita de Ilse Losa para a infância e a juventude

Tese de Doutoramento, Estudos Portugueses, 15 de Setembro de 2015, Universidade dos Açores.

Persistent organic pollutant levels in human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese individuals - Depot differences and dysmetabolism implications

Background: The role of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with endocrine disrupting activity in the aetiology of obesity and other metabolic dysfunctions has been recently highlighted. Adipose tissue (AT) is a common site of POPs accumulation where they can induce adverse effects on human health. Objectives: To evaluate the presence of POPs in human visceral (vAT) and subcutaneous (scAT) adipose tissue in a sample of Portuguese obese patients that underwent bariatric surgery, and assess their putative association with metabolic disruption preoperatively, as well as with subsequent body mass index (BMI) reduction. Methods: AT samples (n=189) from obese patients (BMI ≥35) were collected and the levels of 13 POPs were determined by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected at the time of surgery. BMI variation was evaluated after 12 months and adipocyte size was measured in AT samples. Results: Our data confirm that POPs are pervasive in this obese population (96.3% of detection on both tissues), their abundance increasing with age (RS=0.310, p<0.01) and duration of obesity (RS=0.170, p<0.05). We observed a difference in AT depot POPs storage capability, with higher levels of ΣPOPs in vAT (213.9±204.2 compared to 155.1±147.4 ng/g of fat, p<0.001), extremely relevant when evaluating their metabolic impact. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between POP levels and the presence of metabolic syndrome components, namely dysglycaemia and hypertension, and more importantly with cardiovascular risk (RS=0.277, p<0.01), with relevance for vAT (RS=0.315, p<0.01). Finally, we observed an interesting relation of higher POP levels with lower weight loss in older patients. Conclusion: Our sample of obese subjects allowed us to highlight the importance of POPs stored in AT on the development of metabolic dysfunction in a context of obesity, shifting the focus to their metabolic effects and not only for their recognition as environmental obesogens.

Hábitos e problemas do sono das crianças dos 2 a 10 anos

RESUMO: Enquadramento: O sono é cada vez mais reconhecido como um fator determinante na Saúde Infantil porque, quando desadequado, pode ter consequências na regulação emocional e do comportamento, nas funções cognitivas, no rendimento académico, na regulação do peso e no risco de lesões acidentais. Os hábitos e problemas do sono das crianças portuguesas não se encontram ainda bem caracterizados. Este conhecimento é importante para o desenvolvimento da investigação e para a promoção da saúde nesta área. Objetivos: Adaptar e validar o Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) para a cultura portuguesa; Caracterizar os hábitos de sono de uma amostra de crianças dos 2 aos 10 anos tendo em vista a obtenção de dados de referência; Estimar a prevalência dos problemas do sono na perspetiva dos pais; Avaliar se existem diferenças nos hábitos e problemas do sono entre as regiões de média-alta e baixa densidade populacional; Identificar potenciais consequências dos problemas do sono. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, descritivo e correlacional. A versão portuguesa do questionário (CSHQ-PT) foi desenvolvida de acordo com as orientações previamente publicadas e validada numa amostra de 315 crianças dos 2 aos 10 anos. Para o estudo dos hábitos e problemas do sono, o CSHQ-PT foi distribuído aos pais de 2257 crianças recrutadas em 17 zonas de agrupamentos escolares (15 escolhidos de forma aleatória) das áreas da Grande Lisboa, Península de Setúbal e Alentejo, compreendendo zonas litorais e do interior, e de alta, média e baixa densidade populacional. Foram obtidos 1450 (64%) questionários válidos. Resultados: O CSHQ-PT mostrou propriedades psicométricas semelhantes às das versões de outros países e adequadas para a investigação. A avaliação dos hábitos de sono nos dias de semana mostrou que as crianças se deitam, em média, pelas 21h 44m (DP 38 min.). A necessidade da companhia dos pais para adormecer diminui com a idade, ocorrendo em 49% das crianças aos 2-3 anos e 10% aos 9-10 anos. O hábito de adormecer a ver televisão foi descrito em 15,8% das crianças. O tempo total de sono diário diminui com a idade, com uma diferença mais marcada dos 2 para os 3 anos e dos 3 para os 4 anos, quando a sesta se torna menos frequente. No fim de semana, 25% das crianças dormia pelo menos mais uma hora. As diferenças nos hábitos de sono entre regiões de média-alta e de baixa densidade populacional foram reduzidas, sem reflexo na duração média do sono. Considerando valores de referência de outros países, verificou-se que 10% das crianças estudadas tinha uma duração do sono dois desvios-padrão abaixo da média esperada para a idade. A prevalência dos problemas do sono na perspetiva dos pais foi de 10,4%, sem diferenças significativas entre classes etárias, subgrupos de nível educacional dos pais, nem entre zonas de média-alta e baixa densidade populacional. Estes problemas do sono mostraram-se associados, sobretudo, à duração do sono insuficiente, resistência em ir para a cama, dificuldade em adormecer sozinho, despertares noturnos frequentes e ocorrência de parassónias. A baixa prevalência de problemas do sono identificados pelos pais contrasta com cotações elevadas no CSHQ-PT que traduzem comportamentos-problema mais frequentes, que são bem aceites por alguns pais. O Índice de Perturbação do Sono foi mais elevado nas famílias com menor nível educacional. Em análise multivariada mostraram valor preditivo para a sonolência diurna: o tempo total de sono diário, a diferença da duração do sono noturno durante a semana e no fim de semana, a frequência de algumas parassónias e o hábito de adormecer a ver televisão. O rendimento escolar mostrou associação com os problemas do sono, que são mais frequentes nas crianças com dificuldades escolares e hiperatividade/problemas de atenção. A relação entre estas variáveis é complexa. Conclusões: Este estudo mostrou que os problemas comportamentais do sono e a privação de sono são frequentes na população estudada. Estes problemas têm consequências, uma vez que correspondem a uma frequência mais elevada de sintomas de sonolência diurna, por comparação com outros países. Perante este cenário, é muito importante reforçar a promoção de hábitos de sono saudáveis e continuar a estudar as consequências do sono desadequado nas crianças portuguesas. -----------ABSTRACT:Framework: Sleep is increasingly being recognized as important to Child Health, for inadequate sleep may impact behavioral and emotional regulation, cognitive functions, academic performance, weight regulation and the risk of accidental injuries. The sleep habits and sleep problems of Portuguese children are not well characterized. This knowledge is important to support further studies and health promotion actions. Objectives: Develop and validate a Portuguese version of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ-PT); Characterize the sleep habits and problems in a sample of Portuguese children from the ages of 2 to 10 for future reference; Estimate the prevalence of parent-defined sleep problems; Assess whether there are differences in sleep habits and problems between regions of medium-high and low population densities; Identify potential consequences of sleep problems. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study. The Portuguese version of the questionnaire (CSHQ-PT) was developed according to published guidelines and validated in a sample of 315 children from 2 to 10 years old (y.o.). In order to study sleep habits and problems we delivered the CSHQ-PT to 2257 children recruited from 17 school districts (15 were chosen randomly) in areas with low, medium and high population densities, including coastline and inland regions. 1450 (64%) valid questionnaires were obtained. Results: The CSHQ-PT demonstrated psychometric properties that were similar to the versions from other countries and adequate for research. The evaluation of sleep habits showed that on schooldays children go to bed, on average, at 21h 44m (SD 38 min.). The need of having the parent in the room at bedtime decreases with the age of the child, occurring in 49% of children with 2-3 y.o. and 10% of children between 9 and 10 y.o. The habit of going asleep while watching TV was reported in 15,8% of the children. Total sleep time diminishes with the age of the child, having a major decrease from 2 to 3 y.o. and from 3 to 4 y.o., along with less frequent naps. During the weekend, 25% of the children sleep at least one extra hour. Considering reference values from other series, we found that 10% of the children had a sleep duration two standard deviations below the mean for the age. The differences in sleep habits between regions of medium-high and low population densities are few, and there are no differences in average sleep durations. The prevalence of parent-defined sleep problems was 10.4%. There were no significant differences between age classes, parent education subgroups or between regions of medium-high and low population densities. These sleep problems were associated with insufficient sleep duration, bedtime resistance, difficulty in falling asleep alone, frequent night awakenings and the occurrence of parasomnias. The low prevalence of parent-defined sleep problems contrasts with high CSHQ scores meaning that problematic behaviors are more frequent, but acceptable to some parents. The Sleep Disturbance Score was higher in families with a lower educational level. In multivariate analysis, the following factors predicted the daytime somnolence score: total sleep time, the difference in night sleep duration between the weekend and school days, the frequency of some parasomnias and the habit of falling asleep while watching TV. School achievement showed a negative correlation with the sleep problems, which are more frequent in children with school difficulties and hyperactivity/attention problems. The relationship between these variables is complex. Conclusions: This study evidenced that behavioral sleep problems and sleep deprivation are common in our population. These sleep problems have consequences as they correspond to more symptoms of excessive daytime somnolence comparing to other countries. Therefore, we reinforce the importance of promoting healthy sleep habits and further study the consequences of inadequate sleep in Portuguese children.