Implication of Trade, Livelihood and Employment Exclusion among Workers in Plantation Sector in Kerala

The first part of the study has focused on the trends in area, production and productivity comparing the state’s performance with of national level performance. Also an attempt was made to understand the trends in commodity price over the years especially in the post liberalization period from the early 1990s. Plantation commodities occupy an important share in the country’s export basket and thereby earning foreign exchange to the national exchequer. Taking into consideration the competitive dimension of natural rubber, cardamom and pepper in the export market was analyzed to see penetration of these commodities in the world market.The second part of the study has tried to understand the plantation workers livelihood by understand the employment generation in the sector. Livelihood assets of plantation workers were analyzed to understand the nature of ownership of various assets. Understanding the poor quality and ownership of various livelihood assets and their relative deprivation the study also tried to understand the income-expenditure patterns and the nature of indebtedness among workers and the factors responsible for deprivation and thereby social exclusion.Area, Production and productivity trends of rubber, pepper and cardamom show a mixed picture. Area, Production trends are impacted greatly by the commodity price of the plantation crops.High correlation exists between commodity price and area and production trends of plantation crops in the state.In terms of Natural Rubber, Kerala experienced a steady growth over the years in terms of area production and productivity as the price of rubber has increasedIn terms of black pepper, the state witnessed a deceleration in growth.In the case of cardamom the area of cultivation declined whereas production increasedProductivity of natural rubber, pepper and cardamom has increased substantially over the yearsEmployment pattern in rubber and spices sub-sector has been analyzed by looking in to the commodity prices so as to see the changes in employment pattern over the years. The study has helped to understand that commodity price and employment generation in plantations are interconnected to such an extent that a fall in the commodity price have greater reverberations on the employment pattern in plantations.Livelihood analysis both in the small and large holdings show that workers belonging to rubber (large and small rubber) plantations have shown better possession of livelihood assets when compared to spices plantation workers as 16.2 percent of the spices sub-sector workers claimed about ownership of house which is considered to be an important and primary livelihood asset.In the case of natural assets like accessibility, availability and duration of water for drinking and other household purposes, the situation of workers in spices plantation still remain poor as around 80 percent of workers depending on public well public taps and canals as source of drinking water.Evaluating financial assets also give clear indication that the road to secure financial assets still remains a distant dream for the workers in plantation sectorEvaluating income and expenditure trends pinpoints to the fact that disparity in terms of income exist among the plantation workersWhile observing the employment though wage levels have improved because of improvement in commodity price of plantation crops, significant improvements are not visible in their livelihood and they remain excluded compared to other sections of the society.

The Impact of Electricity Sector Privatisation on Employees in Argentina and Brazil

This book investigates country-specific responses to privatisation by examining two of the most important Latin American examples of the 1990s, the Argentine and the Brazilian programmes, and one essential public service sector, electricity. In doing so, it aims to: identify the impact of privatisation on electricity sector employees in Argentina and Brazil during the 1990s; explore how the impact came about; and analyse the reasons for this impact. A multi-dimensional perspective provides a comparative analysis of privatisation processes, regulatory contexts, and results, striving to capture the phenomenon by combining insights from political and economic analysis.

Psychosocial sources of stress and burnout in the consruction sector : a structural equation model. 'Fuentes psicosociales de estr??s y burnout en el sector de la construcci??n : un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales'

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n. Resumen tambi??n en ingl??s

Industria de calzado jovical una lección empresarial de perdurabilidad

Esta investigación acerca de lecciones empresariales de perdurabilidad se basa en el caso de Industria de Calzado Jovical, reconocida empresa del sector de la industria del cuero y calzado en Colombia. A lo largo del documento se tienen en cuenta tres momentos en la historia de esta compañía: Antes, durante y después de las crisis de los años 90 resultado de la difícil situación económica que vivía el país ocasionada por la contracción de la demanda. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal identificar las causas que llevaron a la crisis a Industria de Calzado Jovical y además aprender cómo esta organización logró alcanzar la ruta de la perdurabilidad después de sobrepasar esta crisis. Este trabajo, se desarrolló con la colaboración del Sr. Cesar Jaramillo Gerente General de Industria de Calzado Jovical, quien nos brindó su ayuda para el trabajo de campo permitiendo tener una mejor visión y entender el problema en su totalidad. Se plantea un proceso de observación y posterior análisis con el fin de entender cómo fue que la empresa entró en estado de crisis y también como logró mitigarlo, convirtiéndose en una empresa perdurable hasta la actualidad. Teniendo en cuenta las situaciones que condujeron a la empresa a la crisis y su comportamiento a nivel interno, externo y del mercado. Además se realiza un acercamiento a la gestión de sus líderes y las estrategias utilizadas por estos, basadas en testimonios y experiencias. Para efectos de este documento se propone seguir el lineamiento planteado por la Universidad del Rosario en el que se divide la gestión administrativa de una empresa en Dirección y Gerencia, los cuales serán los argumentos centrales de esta investigación con el fin de explicar los motivos del fracaso que están asociados a cada uno de los componentes esenciales de la gestión administrativa, y es en este punto donde se buscan las fallas para lograr visualizar las estrategias implantadas por la compañía Industria de Calzado Jovical para conseguir ese resurgir en la industria de calzado.

Plan de negocios Muy Mirona

Evidenciamos las necesidades de la mujer bogotana, más exactamente la falta de diseño y exclusividad en el calzado de las mujeres. Por ello en julio de 2010 se crea la empresa Muy Mirona. Una empresa conformada por dos estudiantes de (21) años, siendo una socia estudiante de la Universidad del Rosario y la otra estudiante de la Salle College, quienes tienen el objetivo de posicionar la organización como una de las mejores empresas en innovación de calzado y así fomentar el empleo de personas mayores de 40 años para generar un impacto social positivo en la sociedad capitalina. Después de días y con miles de ideas surgió el nombre de nuestra empresa “Muy Mirona” como una forma divertida e interesante de captar a nuestras clientas que tienen como objetivo ser diferentes y únicas. Al día de hoy hemos tenido el gusto de lanzar tres colecciones la primer Nice Too Meet You, en donde se hizo énfasis en la comodidad, los zapatos que diseñamos para esta colección fueron planos, utilizamos materiales sintéticos que se caracterizaban por la variedad de sus colores. La segunda colección Nice Too Meet You Two, se diferencio de la primera debido a la incursión que tuvimos en materiales tales como el cuero, taches, gamuzas, e introdujimos una nueva línea de tacón pequeño es decir tacón 4/5 que fue todo un éxito. Finalmente en la tercera colección Madonna Bastarda decidimos ir mas allá, entrando en el tacón high es decir tacón de 12 centímetros con plataformas livianas para el manejo funcional de nuestras clientas, en esta colección variamos el portafolio no solo de los modelos sino también de los materiales y de los diseños, sin abandonar nuestra adorada línea de zapatos planos ya que también sacamos referencias de este tipo de zapato en la última colección. A lo largo de nuestra vida activa como empresa, hemos tenido la oportunidad de participar activamente en eventos como la feria de la universidad del rosario y la semana internacional de la moda de Bogotá, la feria de jóvenes empresarios ,en donde hemos contado con la acogida de gran cantidad de público, consolidándonos como una de las pocas empresas de diseño exclusivo de calzado para dama, ratificando nuestro compromiso con un trabajo de calidad y con una visión hacia el futuro. A lo largo de este tiempo hemos vivido experiencias invaluables que nos hacen ser lo que somos hoy en día, buscamos estar preparadas para los retos venideros reinventándonos en cada una de nuestras colecciones. Permitiendo que Muy Mirona sea reconocida a nivel nacional e internacional como una empresa que entiende los deseos y las necesidades de las mujeres y que logra convertir esto en comodidad y funcionalidad, deseamos dirigirnos a todas las mujeres modernas, amantes de la moda, dispuestas a portar unos hermosos zapatos de fina coquetería cargados de estilo, sin llegar a lo soso y a lo extravagante.

Rearrangement of the urban space in the sector of Saint Victorino and Saint Ines (Bogota) in relation with the dynamics of informality and marginality (1948-2010)

The present article analyze the urban transformations happened in the sector of Saint Victorino and Saint Ines in the city of Bogota D.C. between 1948 and 2010, making use of the "Genealogical Methodology" during the process of inquiry that allow to contrast the visions that are usually accepted of "progress" and "urban renovation" in the urban market context by the existence of a informal economic and a population in conditions of marginality that configures a good part of the "popular urban culture" of the Bogota in the 20th and 21st century. This vision permit to observe from various perspectives the changes that happened in this sector of the city, the impacts of the history facts occurred en this time period and, in special, the real effects of a rearrangement urban process that began in 1998 and has been prolonged to date, which has left a significant mark about the urban and social physiognomy of the place.

Kids Club, Un modelo de negocio exitoso del Sector del Calzado en Colombia

“Los modelos de negocio describen las bases sobre las cuales una empresa, crea, proporciona y capta valor”. Osterwalder, Alexander. (2010). Kids Club es una empresa manufacturera de calzado para niños catalogada por PROEXPORT como una de las mejores empresas Colombianas dentro del sector; y una de las pocas empresas que en menos de 10 años logro exportar sus productos a mercados internacionales a partir de técnicas administrativas empíricas. A través del siguiente estudio de caso, se pretende describir el modelo de negocio de la empresa; identificando sus segmentos de mercado, estructura de cadena de valor y mecanismos de generación de ventas con el objetivo de identificar sus factores críticos de éxito y proponer nuevas alternativas para que se mantenga como líder del sector, en el entorno empresarial actual.

Agricultural sector and competition in Colombia

In this chapter we provide a summary description of Colombian Competition Policy with an emphasis on the agricultural sector. Key developments and recent changes in institutional arrangements affecting competition policy, as it applies to the agricultural sector, are highlighted. Illustrative case studies are depicted to show the richness and complexity of policy developments and enforcement. Some general conclusions are drawn from this examination.

An analysis of the relationship between wages in the public and private sector in colombia : a panel data approach

This document examines the time-series properties of the wage differentials that arise between the public and private sector in Colombia during the sample period 1984 to 2005. We Find conflicting results in unit-root and stationary tests when looking at wage differentials at an aggregate level (such as for men, women or both). However, when we analyse wage differentials at higher levels of disaggregation, treat them jointly as a panel of data, and allow for the presence of potential cross section dependence, there is more supportive evidence for the view that wage differentials are stationary. This implies that although wage differentials do exist, they have not been consistently increasing (or decreasing) over time.

Los equipos de orientación del sector : funciones y modelos de intervención = External guidance services : functions and intervention models.

Resumen basado en el del autor

The effects of information and communication technologies on the banking sector and the payments system

This dissertation studies the effects of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on the banking sector and the payments system. It provides insight into how technology-induced changes occur, by exploring both the nature and scope of main technology innovations and evidencing their economic implications for banks and payment systems. Some parts in the dissertation are descriptive. They summarise the main technological developments in the field of finance and link them to economic policies. These parts are complemented with sections of the study that focus on assessing the extent of technology application to banking and payment activities. Finally, it includes also some work which borrows from the economic literature on banking. The need for an interdisciplinary approach arises from the complexity of the topic and the rapid path of change to which it is subject. The first chapter provides an overview of the influence of developments in ICT on the evolution of financial services and international capital flows. We include main indicators and discuss innovation in the financial sector, exchange rates and international capital flows. The chapter concludes with impact analysis and policy options regarding the international financial architecture, some monetary policy issues and the role of international institutions. The second chapter is a technology assessment study that focuses on the relationship between technology and money. The application of technology to payments systems is transforming the way we use money and, in some instances, is blurring the definition of what constitutes money. This chapter surveys the developments in electronic forms of payment and their relationship to the banking system. It also analyses the challenges posed by electronic money for regulators and policy makers, and in particular the opportunities created by two simultaneous processes: the Economic and Monetary Union and the increasing use of electronic payment instruments. The third chapter deals with the implications of developments in ICT on relationship banking. The financial intermediation literature explains relationship banking as a type of financial intermediation characterised by proprietary information and multiple interactions with customers. This form of banking is important for the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises. We discuss the effects of ICT on the banking sector as a whole and then apply these developments to the case of relationship banking. The fourth chapter is an empirical study of the effects of technology on the banking business, using a sample of data from the Spanish banking industry. The design of the study is based on some of the events described in the previous chapters, and also draws from the economic literature on banking. The study shows that developments in information management have differential effects on wholesale and retail banking activities. Finally, the last chapter is a technology assessment study on electronic payments systems in Spain and the European Union. It contains an analysis of existing payment systems and ongoing or planned initiatives in Spain. It forms part of a broader project comprising a series of country-specific analyses covering ten European countries. The main issues raised across the countries serve as the starting point to discuss implications of the development of electronic money for regulation and policies, and in particular, for monetary-policy making.