Análise mecânica e microestrutural das ligas de cobalto-cromo de uso odontológico após sucessivas refundições

The cobalt-chromium alloy is extensively used in the Odontology for the confection of metallic scaffolding in partial removable denture. During the last few years, it has been reported an increasing number of premature imperfections, with a few months of prosthesis use. The manufacture of these components is made in prosthetic laboratories and normally involves recasting, using parts of casting alloy and parts of virgin alloy. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to analyze the mechanical properties of a commercial cobalt-chromium alloy of odontological use after successive recasting, searching information to guide the dental prosthesis laboratories in the correct manipulation of the cobalt-chromium alloy in the process of casting and the possible limits of recasting in the mechanical properties of this material. Seven sample groups were confectioned, each one containing five test bodies, divided in the following way: G1: casting only with virgin alloy; G2: casting with 50% of the alloy of the G1 + 50% of virgin alloy; G3: casting with 50% of the alloy of the G2 + 50% of virgin alloy; G4: casting with 50% of the alloy of the G3 + 50% of virgin alloy; G5: 50% of alloy of the G4 + 50% of virgin alloy; G6: 50% of alloy of the G5 + 50% of virgin alloy and finally the G7, only with recasting alloy. The modifications in the mechanical behavior of the alloy were evaluated. Moreover, it was carried the micro structural characterization of the material by optic and electronic scanning microscopy, and X ray diffraction.and fluorescence looking into the correlatation of the mechanical alterations with structural modifications of the material caused by successive recasting process. Generally the results showed alterations in the fracture energy of the alloy after successive recasting, resulting mainly of the increasing presence of pores and large voids, characteristic of the casting material. Thus, the interpretation of the results showed that the material did not reveal significant differences with respect to the tensile strength or elastic limit, as a function of successive recasting. The elastic modulus increased from the third recasting cycle on, indicating that the material can be recast only twice. The fracture energy of the material decreased, as the number of recasting cycles increased. With respect to the microhardness, the statistical analyses showedno significant differences. Electronic scanning microscopy revealed the presence of imperfections and defects, resulting of the recasting process. X ray diffraction and fluorescence did not show alterations in the composition of the alloy or the formation of crystalline phases between the analyzed groups. The optical micrographs showed an increasing number of voids and porosity as the material was recast. Therefore, the general conclusion of this study is that the successive recasting of of Co-Cr alloys affects the mechanical properties of the material, consequently leading to the failure of the prosthetic work. Based on the results, the best recommendadition is that the use of the material should be limited to two recasting cycles

Uveítis. Epidemiología y Diagnóstico

Desarrollamos un estudio epidemiológico transversal observacional en la población de la provincia de Málaga para determinar la incidencia y prevalencia de periodo de uveítis durante 12 meses (desde el 1 de Mayo de 2011 al 30 de Abril de 2012). Objetivos: Determinar la incidencia y prevalencia de la uveítis en nuestra provincia. Evaluar la posible relación entre el género y la edad al diagnóstico de la uveítis, con las características clínicas de esta enfermedad en nuestra población (curso clínico, localización anatómica, clasificación etiológica, complicaciones). Establecer cuales son los principales factores de riesgo para desarrollar complicaciones. Material y métodos: Se recogieron los datos correspondientes a todos los pacientes diagnosticados de uveítis en los seis centros participantes (todos los hospitales públicos de la provincia de Málaga) durante el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de Mayo de 2011 al 30 de Abril de 2012. Resultados: La frecuencia y las características de las uveítis en nuestra provincia son similares a las obtenidas por otros estudios de países del mundo occidental. Su prevalencia en nuestro medio es de 36,2 por 100.000 habitantes (IC 95%: 33,4-39,3) y la incidencia de 12,1 por 100.000 habitantes (IC 95%: 10-5-13,9). La etiología es habitualmente desconocida (41,9%). La edad media de inicio es de 40,3±19,2 años. La etnia más frecuente es la caucásica (92,5%). La uveítis en nuestro estudio muestra un ligero predominio femenino (58,6%), un curso clínico recurrente (50,5%) y una localización anatómica mayoritariamente anterior (69,3%). El 40,1% de la población desarrolla al menos una complicación, siendo las más prevalentes la catarata (28,5%) y el glaucoma (12,3%). La edad también influye en la caracterización de las uveítis: 1. La diferencia de género es mayor en las edades extremas de la vida, siendo más prevalentes las uveítis en mujeres en edades pediátricas (71,2%) o en mayores de 60 años (62,2%). 2. Las formas crónicas fueron mucho más frecuentes en menores de 16 años (36.40%). 3. Las uveítis de localización intermedia son mucho más comunes en la edad pediátrica (19,2%). 4. Las uveítis idiopáticas son la causa más frecuente en todas las edades, excepto en los niños, donde las enfermedades asociadas a patología sistémica son la etiología más común (54,8%). 5. Las complicaciones fueron más frecuentes en las personas de mayor edad (50,5%), siendo la catarata y el glaucoma las más prevalentes. 6. En nuestra población los casos de ceguera legal son muy poco frecuentes, aunque su prevalencia es mayor en los pacientes de mayor edad (2,3%). Destacar que los principales factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de complicaciones en la uveítis fueron el tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad, la mayor edad del paciente, las panuveítis, y el curso clínico crónico. Conclusiones: En un área bien definida del sur de España, la frecuencia y las caraterísticas de la uveítis son similares a otros estudios realizados en el mundo occidental. Es una patología rara, de causa desconocida, con un curso clínico recurrente y que desarrolla con frecuencia complicaciones severas. La uveítis presenta diferentes características según la edad de inicio. Los principales factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de complicaciones son el mayor tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad, la mayor edad de los pacientes, la forma anatómica tipo panuveítis y la evolución clínica crónica.

Sequestro pulmonar : trabalho de revisão

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Estudo de massa cerâmica triaxial visando à otimização do ciclo de queima da indústria de cerâmica estrutural

Over recent years the structural ceramics industry in Brazil has found a very favorable market for growth. However, difficulties related to productivity and product quality are partially inhibiting this possible growth. An alternative for trying to solve these problems and, thus, provide the pottery industry the feasibility of full development, is the substitution of firewood used in the burning process by natural gas. In order to contribute to this process of technological innovation, this paper studies the effect of co-use of ceramic phyllite and kaolin waste on the properties of a clay matrix, verifying the possible benefits that these raw materials can give to the final product, as well as the possibility of such materials to reduce the heat load necessary to obtain products with equal or superior quality. The study was divided into two steps: characterization of materials and study of formulations. Two clays, a phyllite and a residue of kaolin were characterized by the following techniques: laser granulometry, plasticity index by Atterberg limits, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, mineralogical composition by Rietveld, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. To study the formulations, specifically for evaluation of technological properties of the parts, was performed an experimental model that combined planning involving a mixture of three components (standard mass x phyllite x kaolin waste) and a 23 factorial design with central point associated with thermal processing parameters. The experiment was performed with restricted strip-plot randomization. In total, 13 compositional points were investigated within the following constraints: phyllite ≤ 20% by weight, kaolin waste ≤ 40% by weight, and standard mass ≥ 60% by weight. The thermal parameters were used at the following levels: 750 and 950 °C to the firing temperature, 5 and 15 °C/min at the heating rate, 15 and 45min to the baseline. The results showed that the introduction of phyllite and/or kaolin waste in ceramic body produced a number of benefits in properties of the final product, such as: decreased absorption of water, apparent porosity and linear retraction at burn; besides the increase in apparent specific mass and mechanical properties of parts. The best results were obtained in the compositional points where the sum of the levels of kaolin waste and phyllite was maximal (40% by weight), as well as conditions which were used in firing temperatures of 950 °C. Regarding the prospect of savings in heat energy required to form the desired microstructure, the phyllite and the residue of kaolin, for having small particle sizes and constitutions mineralogical phases with the presence of fluxes, contributed to the optimization of the firing cycle.

Fratura traumática do osso temporal : diagnóstico, sequelas e tratamento

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Tradução e validação do questionário de Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center para lesões causadas pelo esforço-sobrecarga e a sua aplicação, numa equipa portuguesa de atletismo

Introdução: No atletismo existe uma prevalência de lesões e sintomas de sobrecarga, havendo a possibilidade de monitorizar o início e a evolução das mesmas. Objetivos: Traduzir, validar e aplicar o Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire (OSTRC-O) a atletas de atletismo. Metodologia: O questionário OSTRC-O foi traduzido para português e aplicado por e-mail semanalmente (durante 7 semanas) a um grupo de atletas (n=23), verificando em que medida o esforço/sobrecarga a que estão sujeitos em duas regiões anatómicas específicas (anca e coxa) poderá afectar o seu rendimento e/ou mesmo ser alvo de lesão desportiva. Resultados/Discussão: A prevalência média de lesões de sobrecarga para todos os atletas, em qualquer área anatómica foi de 44,0% (95% IC 35-53). A prevalência média de lesões de sobrecarga substanciais, problemas que causam moderada/severa redução no volume de treino ou performance desportiva ou, completa incapacidade de participar em treino ou competição foi de 13,7% (95% IC 7-19). Não obstante os sintomas de sobrecarga serem prevalentes nas duas áreas, a prevalência semanal de problemas de sobrecarga foi maior na coxa (40%) do que na anca (15%) Conclusões: O OSTRC-O permitirá basear-nos na limitação da funcionalidade e não no tempo de paragem dos atletas, oferecendo a possibilidade de um controlo semanal mais real. Neste estudo sobre atletismo a prevalência média semanal de lesões de sobrecarga na coxa (40%) foi maior do que a prevalência semanal de lesões de sobrecarga na anca (15%).

Prevalencia de conducto en forma de C en segundos molares inferiores en pacientes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

El conocimiento, así como la investigación de la morfología radicular y de sus variaciones entre las distintas poblaciones del mundo es de suma importancia en el área odontológica; es imprescindible que el clínico se encuentre familiarizado con las variaciones de la anatomía dental antes de poder realizar satisfactoriamente un tratamiento. El conducto en forma de “C” es una variación anatómica del sistema de conductos radiculares encontrado con más frecuencia en los segundos molares inferiores, representa un desafío al odontólogo en relación a su limpieza y obturación, especialmente si su anatomía se modifica a lo largo del conducto. El Objetivo de la presente investigación es: Analizar la prevalencia de los conductos en forma de “C” de los segundos molares inferiores, mediante Cone Beam Computed Tomography en los pacientes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Autónoma De Nuevo León, examinar su frecuencia bilateral y unilateral en pacientes masculinos y femeninos así como comparar los resultados entre sí. Materiales y Métodos: Se analizaron trescientas diez imágenes de Cone Beam Computed Tomography de pacientes que acudieron a la facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Autónoma De Nuevo León en el año 2012 para observar la presencia del conducto en forma de “C” en las segundas molares inferiores. Dichos datos se recopilaron en una hoja de captura para posteriormente ser contabilizados. Para obtener los datos de unilateralidad y bilateralidad, solamente se tomaran en cuenta los casos en los que se presentaron las segundas molares inferiores en ambos. Resultados: De las 310 imágenes, 52 fueron excluidas, siendo un total de 258 imágenes analizadas (90 hombres y 168 mujeres). El conducto en forma de “C” se observó en 60 pacientes (19 hombres y 41 mujeres) presentándose bilateralmente en 71.42% de los casos. Conclusiones El presente estudio demuestra que aunque el conducto en forma de “C” en el estado de Nuevo León se presenta con menor frecuencia que en otras regiones del mundo, el Odontólogo debe estar capacitado para identificarlo y realizar un adecuado tratamiento, debido a que es comúnmente encontrado. Los presentes resultados concuerdan que si el conducto en forma de “C” se encuentra en una segunda molar inferior, muy frecuentemente se encontrará también en la segunda molar del lado opuesto.

Estudio retrospectivo de fracturas mandibulares en el Hospital Metropolitano “Bernardo Sepúlveda” SSNL, en el periodo de Marzo del 2011 a Agosto del 2014

Introducción: El objetivo general del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de las fracturas mandibulares tomando en cuenta la edad, sexo, causa y zona anatómica afectada. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizo un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo dentro del Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Hospital Metropolitano “Bernardo Sepúlveda” SSNL, entre los años 2011 y 2014, registrando todas las fracturas del servicio de cirugía maxilofacial. Se recopiló información de acuerdo a edad, sexo, causa y zona anatómica afectada.. El total de pacientes fue de 141, sumando un total de 176 fracturas. Resultados: de los cuales el 84% (n = 119) fueron hombres y 16% (n = 22) mujeres (razón 5.40:1). El rango de edad de los pacientes fue de 4 a 68 años con promedio de 29.18. La causa más frecuente fue asalto 75.17% (n=106). Por zona anatómica encontramos que la mas frecuente fue el angulo mandibular en 62.41% (n=88), seguida de fracturas de sínfisis/parasinfisis 34.04% (n=48). Conclusión: La causa mas frecuente fue por asalto, seguidas por caídas. El grupo de edad que presenta mayor numero de fracturas mandibulares es el grupo comprendido entre 20 a 29 años, el sexo masculino predomino y el área anatómica mas frecuente fue el ángulo mandibular.

Contribution to the study of prognostic factors in canine oral squamous cell carcinoma

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Veterinárias, na Especialidade de Clínica

Classificação de esquizofrenia com base em máquinas de suporte vetorial aplicadas a características de imagens de ressonância magnética

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade Gama, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Biomédica, 2015.

Avaliação in vitro da adaptação marginal e interna de coroas de cerâmica e resina composta fabricadas com o sistema CAD/CAM utilizando duas câmeras intraorais de moldagem digital

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, 2015.

O corpo na paisagem. Fragmentos de arte e natureza

Mestrado em Arquitetura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL

Formulação de bloco intertravado cerâmico com adição de resíduos urbanos e industriais

The production of waste from urban and industrial activities is one of the factors of environmental contamination and has aroused attention of the scientific community, in the sense of its reuse. On the other hand, the city of Salvador/Ba, with approximately 262 channels, responsible for storm water runoff, produces every year, by the intervention of cleaning and clearing channels, a significant volume of sediments (dredged mud), and thus an appropriate methodology for their final destination. This study aims to assess the influence of incorporation of these tailings in arrays of clay for production of interlocked block ceramic, also known as ceramic paver. All the raw materials from the metropolitan region of Salvador (RMS) were characterized by x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, thermal analysis (TG and TDA), particle size analysis and dilatometry. With the use of statistical experimental planning technique, ternary diagram was defined in the study region and the analyzed formulations. The specimens were prepared with dimensions of 60x20x5mm³, by uniaxial pressing of 30 MPa and after sintering at temperatures of 900°, 1000º and 1100ºC the technological properties were evaluated: linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent specifies mass, flexural rupture and module. For the uniaxial compression strength used cylindrical probe body with Ø 50 mm. The standard mass (MP) was prepared with 90% by weight of clay and 10% by weight of Channel sediment (SCP), not being verified significant variations in the properties of the final product. With the incorporation of 10% by weight of manganese residue (PFM) and 10% by weight of the Ceramic waste (RCB) in the mass default, in addition to adjusting the plasticity due to less waste clay content, provided increased linear firing shrinkage, due the significant concentration of K2O, forming liquid phase at low temperature, contributing to decreased porosity and mechanical resistance, being 92,5 MPa maximum compressive strength verified. After extract test leachate and soluble, the piece containing 10% of the PFM, was classified as non-hazardous and inert material according to NBR10004/04 ABNT. The results showed the feasibility on using waste, SCP, RCB and PFM clay mass, at temperatures above 900ºC, paver ceramic production, according to the specifications of the technical standards, so that to exceed the 10% of the PFM, it becomes imperative to conduct studies of environmental impacts

Avaliação da incorporação combinada dos resíduos de cascalho de perfuração de poço de petróleo e de polimento do porcelanato em cerâmica vermelha

Among the industries, those that produce ceramic porcelain for use in construction industry and oil, during the exploration and production period, play an important role in the production of waste. Much research has been carried out both by academia and the productive sector, sometimes reintroducing them in the same production line that generated them, sometimes in areas unrelated to their generation, as in the production of concrete and mortar for the construction, for example, but each one in an isolated way. In this research, the aim is to study the combined incorporation of the waste drill cuttings of oil well and the residue of the polishing of porcelain, generated in the final stage of finishing of this product in a clay matrix, for the production of red pottery, specifically bricks, ceramic blocks and tiles. The clay comes from the municipality of São Gonçalo, RN, the drilling waste is from the Natal basin, in Rio Grande do Norte, and the residue of the polishing proceeds from a ceramic porcelain of the State of Paraíba. For this purpose, we used a mixture of a plastic clay with a non-plastic, in a ratio of 50% each, settling formulations with the addition of these two residues in this clay matrix. In the formulations, both residues were incorporated with a minimum percentage of 2.5% and maximum of 12.5%, varying from 2.5% each, in each formulation, which the sum of the waste be no more than 15%. It should be noted that the residue of the polishing of ceramic porcelain is a IIa class (not inert). The materials were characterized by XRF, XRD, TG, DTA, laser granulometry and the plasticity index. The technological properties of water absorption, apparent porosity, linear shrinkage of burning, flexural tensile strength and bulk density were evaluated after the sintering of the pieces to 850 °C, 950 °C and 1050 °C, with a burning time of 3 hr, 3 hr and 30 minutes, and 3 hr and 50 minutes, respectively, with a heating rate of 10 °C/minute, for all formulations and landing of 30 minutes. To better understand the influence of each residue and temperature on the evaluated properties, we used the factorial planning and its surfaces of response for the interpretation of the results. It was found that the temperature has no statistical significance at a 95% of reliability level in flexural tensile strength and that it decreases the water absorption and the porosity, but increases the shrinkage and the bulk density. The results showed the feasibility of the desired incorporation, but adjusting the temperature to each product and formulation, and that the temperatures of 850 °C and 950 °C were the one that responded to the largest number of formulations

Aplicação da metodologia de planejamento de experimentos para formulação de massas cerâmicas para telhas

Rio Grande do Norte State stands out as one great producer of structural clay of the brazilian northeastern. The Valley Assu ceramic tiles production stands out obtained from ilitics ball clays that abound in the region under study. Ceramics formulation and the design of experiments with mixture approach, has been applied for researchers, come as an important aid to decrease the number of experiments necessary to the optimization. In this context, the objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of the formulation, temperature and heating rate in the physical-mechanical properties of the red ceramic body used for roofing tile fabrication of the Valley Assu, using design of mixture experiments. Four clays samples used in two ceramics industry of the region were use as raw material and characterized by X-ray diffraction, chemical composition, differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), particle size distribution analysis and plasticity techniques. Afterwards, they were defined initial molded bodies and made specimens were then prepared by uniaxial pressing at 25 MPa before firing at 850, 950 and 1050 ºC in a laboratory furnace, with heating rate in the proportions of 5, 10 e 15 ºC/min. The following tecnologicals properties were evaluated: linear firing shrinkage, water absorption and flexural strength. Results show that the temperature 1050 ºC and heating rate of 5 ºC/min was the best condition, therefore presented significance in all physical-mechanical properties. The model was accepted as valid based of the production of three new formulations with fractions mass diferents of the initial molded bodies and heated with temperature at 1050 ºC and heating rate of 5 ºC/min. Considering the formulation, temperature and heating rate as variables of the equations, another model was suggested, where from the aplication of design of experiments with mixtures was possible to get a best formulation, whose experimental error is the minor in relation to the too much formulations