Diabolical Witches or Sinful Princes? “Political” Foundations of Demonological Skepticism in the Early Modern Period

Skepticism regarding witchcraft, characteristic (but not exclusive) of the Spanish lands, corresponds with a particular view of evil’s etiology. Whereas paradigmatic texts of radical demonology, as the Malleus Maleficarum, gave a conclusive step towards the demonization of natural evil (as they put the blame on the devil and the witches for calamities and plagues), texts of Castilian origin, as Alonso de Espina’s Fortalitium fidei, embraced the traditional position: they considered the devil as a promoter of moral evil in the world, meanwhile natural evil is seen as a result of the wrath of God for the sins of His people –particularly, the sin of Christian princes. I argue that the distinction between these two ways of thinking the causality of the world’s misfortunes can be read in political terms.

Les verbes causatifs dans les textes scientifiques : essai de typologie

La causalité est une des notions les plus fondamentales de la vie humaine. La vulgarisation scientifique se base sur l’établissement fréquent de relations causales par le truchement d'indices linguistiques. Ainsi, la causalité y est perceptible à l'aide de marques explicites, se manifestant au niveau lexical. Dans de nombreuses situations, afin de valider la relation causale, il faut récupérer des termes plus ou moins explicites qui apparaissent au niveau morphosyntaxique. Viennent enfin les procédés implicites d’expression de la cause ou "la causalité non marquée" linguistiquement.  

Qualitative Comparative Analysis as a Tool for Concept Clarification, Typology Building, and Contextualized Comparisons in Gender and Feminist Research

Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) is a method for the systematic analysis of cases. A holistic view of cases and an approach to causality emphasizing complexity are some of its core features. Over the last decades, QCA has found application in many fields of the social sciences. In spite of this, its use in feminist research has been slower, and only recently QCA has been applied to topics related to social care, the political representation of women, and reproductive politics. In spite of the comparative turn in feminist studies, researchers still privilege qualitative methods, in particular case studies, and are often skeptical of quantitative techniques (Spierings 2012). These studies show that the meaning and measurement of many gender concepts differ across countries and that the factors leading to feminist success and failure are context specific. However, case study analyses struggle to systematically account for the ways in which these forces operate in different locations.

Influência Intradiária Do Preço Internacional Do Petróleo Nas Ações Da Petrobrás

Objetivo. O objetivo deste artigo é aferir causalidade entre a ação preferencial da Petrobrás (PETR4) com o mercado futuro de commodities de petróleo (contratos com primeiro vencimento CL1) e o índice futuro do S&P 500 (contratos com primeiro vencimento, SP1). Metodologia. Utilizamos o vetor auto-regressivo (VAR) e o vetor de correção de erros (VEC)para descrever a estrutura de interdependência entre as variáveis. Achados. Os testes de causalidade indicaram que a commodity de petróleo e o índice de ações norte-americano Granger causam PETR4. Verificamos que um modelo VAR(1) é o mais adequado para capturar o efeito cruzado entre as variáveis. Por fim, os testes indicaram que o modelo do tipo VEC melhora as previsões para as variáveis PETR4 e CL1. Limitações. Apesar de utilizar um grande volume de informações intradiárias, os dados referem-se à apenas seis meses de observações, o que pode viesar os resultados obtidos. Originalidade/Valor. O estudo é pioneiro (ao menos no conhecimento dos autores) em averiguar relações entre esses ativos.

Representações Sociais da Doença Mental: um estudo qualitativo com profissionais da Saúde Mental

Este trabalho pretende conhecer as representações sociais de Psiquiatras, Internos de Psiquiatria, Pedopsiquiatras e Psicólogos Clínicos sobre a doença mental em quatro dimensões: (1) conceptual – conceitos de saúde e doença mental, (2) explicativa – causalidade da doença mental (3) interventiva – modelos de intervenção e objetivos da prática clínica, e (4) contextual – influência do contexto na prática clínica. É um estudo qualitativo de carácter exploratório, pontuado epistemologicamente pelo construcionismo social e teoricamente pelo quadro das representações sociais. Participaram 30 profissionais (13 Psicólogos, 10 Psiquiatras, 5 Internos de Psiquiatria e 2 Pedopsiquiatras) aos quais foi aplicada uma entrevista semi-estruturada que foi analisada quanto ao seu conteúdo (através do software NVivo 10). Da análise dos resultados salienta-se que as representações dos profissionais quanto à conceptualização da doença mental são heterogéneas. A saúde mental é equacionada como flexibilidade, adaptação, funcionalidade e bem-estar biopsicossocial do indivíduo. A causalidade atribuída à doença mental assenta no modelo interacionista biopsicossocial. Quanto à intervenção, os participantes utilizam estratégias e modelos de intervenção ecléticos, salientando-se como objetivos a promoção do bem-estar e diminuição do sofrimento, a promoção do funcionamento e autonomia e a “cura”. O contexto institucional surge como comprometedor da liberdade de atuação na prática pública e como facilitador da liberdade de atuação do clínico na prática privada. Conclui-se que a análise individual (disposicional) do comportamento patológico é privilegiada em detrimento da análise contextual (situacional). Implicações do presente estudo para o quadro teórico das representações sociais da doença mental são consideradas. / The present aims to acknowledge the social representations about mental disease of Psychiatrists, Psychiatrist Interns, Child Psychiatrists and Clinical Psychologists. Four dimensions were considered: (1) conceptual - concepts about health and mental disease; (2) descriptive – mental disease causes; (3) intervention – models for clinical intervention and clinical procedures; and (4) context – influence of the context in clinical procedures. A qualitative and exploratory study was developed based, epistemologically, on social constructionism and social representations. Through the course of the research 30 semi-structured interviews were conducted (13 psychologists, 10 psychiatrists, 5 Internal Psychiatry and 2 child psychiatrists) to which it was applied a semi-structured interview. A content analysis of the interviews was performed by NVivo 10. Results showed that the social representations of mental disease are heterogeneous. Mental health is conceptualized according to the flexibility, adaptation, functionality and the biopsychosocial well-being of the individual. The causality of mental disease is explained by the interactionist biopsychosocial model. Professionals mainly adopt eclectic intervention models and strategies in clinical practice. Participants refer that their goals are to promote the well-being, diminish the suffering and promote the functioning, the autonomy and “cure”. The public institutional framework compromises the flexibility in the clinical procedures. Private practices increases the procedural possibilities of the professionals. Concludes that the individual analysis (dispositional) of the pathological behavior is privileged in detriment of the contextual analysis (situational). Implications of this study to the theoretical framework of social representations of mental illness are considered.

Feminista Frequencies: Tuning In to Chicana Radio Activism in the Pacific Northwest, 1975-1990

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Influência dos intermediários de distribuição de produtos turísticos no processo de decisão do meio de hospedagem pelo consumidor

This study examines the complex hotel buyer decision process in front of the tourism distribution channels. Its objective is to describe the influence level of the tourism marketing intermediaries, mainly the travel agents and tour operators, over the hotel decision process by the buyer-tourist. The data collection process was done trough a survey with three hundred brazilian tourists hosted in nineteen hotels of Natal, capital of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The data analysis was done using some multivariate statistic techniques as correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, factor analysis and multiple discriminant analysis. The research characterizes the hotel services consumers profile and his trip, and identifying the distribution channels used by them. Furthermore, the research verifies the intermediaries influence exercised over hotel buyer decision process, looking for identify causality relations between the influence level and the buyer profile. Verifies that information about hotels available on internet reduces the probability that this influence can be practiced; however it was possible identifying those consumers considers this information complementary and non-substitutes than the information from intermediaries. The characteristics of the data do not allow indentifying the factors that constraint the intermediaries influence neither identifying discriminant functions of the specific distribution channel choice by consumers. The study concludes that consumers don t agree in have been influenced by intermediaries or don t know if they have, still considering important to consult them and internet doesn t substitute their function as information source

A satisfação dos clientes internos e o comprometimento organizacional: um estudo à luz do modelo ASH nas indústrias alimentícias do RN

Currently the organizations are passing for continuous cycles of changes due to necessity of survival in the work market. The administration of the future points a way to the organizations of today and tomorrow, the search of the competitiveness from loyalty and motivation of its staff. Of this form, the model of the Auditoria do Sistema Humano (ASH), developed for Spanish researchers and that now it is being applied in Brazil, contemplates a series of dimensions about Human Resources management quality in the companies and the organizational effectiveness, such as the environment where the company is inserted, the strategies, the organizational drawing, the psychological and psychosocial processes, e the reached results. In this direction, the present research analyzed the factors of job satisfaction and organizational commitment, making, also, a relation of causality between the same ones. The quantitative-descriptive research had as population the employees of twenty three nourishing industries of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil), registered in the Federacy of the Industries of the state. The collection of the data occurred for the months of October of 2005 and March of 2006, by means of the application of questionnaire of model ASH. The sample was composed for 197 employees, however it was observed presence of five outliers, that they had been excluded from the analysis of the data. To extract the dimensions of the satisfaction and the commitment and identification the factorial analysis was used, with extraction method of principal components, rotation Varimax and normalization Kaiser. The gotten dimensions had been evaluated with the calculation of the coefficient Alpha of Cronbach. The factorial analysis of the pointers of the organizational commitment and identification had extracted ten factors. Of these, four had gotten significance of the analyses inside: affective commitment, values commitment, continuance commitment and necessity commitment. The result of the analysis of the pointers of job satisfaction indicated four factors: extrinsic, motivations, relation with the friends and auto-accomplishment. To deal with the data the relation between job satisfaction and organizational commitment it was used technique of multiple regression. The correlation between commitment and satisfaction was satisfactory, detaching the affective commitment with bigger index of correlation, followed of the affective one

Biliteracy effects on phonological awareness, oral language proficiency and reading skills in Taiwanese Mandarin-English bilingual children

The present study examined the effect of learning to read a heritage language on Taiwanese Mandarin-English bilingual children’s Chinese and English phonological awareness, Chinese and English oral language proficiency, and English reading skills. Participants were 40 Taiwanese Mandarin-English bilingual children and 20 English monolingual children in the U.S. Based on their performance on a Chinese character reading test, the bilingual participants were divided into two groups: the Chinese Beginning Reader and Chinese Nonreader groups. A single child categorized as a Chinese Advanced Reader also participated. Children received phonological awareness tasks, produced oral narrative samples from a wordless picture book, and took standardized English reading subtests. The bilingual participants received measures in both English and Chinese, whereas English monolingual children received only English measures. Additional demographic information was collected from a language background survey filled out by parents. Results of two MANOVAs indicated that the Chinese Beginning Reader group outperformed the Chinese Nonreader and English Monolingual groups on some phonological awareness measures and the English nonword reading test. In an oral narrative production task in English, the English Monolingual group produced a greater total number of words (TNW) and more different words (NDW) than the Chinese Nonreader group. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine whether bilingual children’s Chinese character reading ability would still account for a unique amount of variance in certain outcome variables, independent of nonverbal IQ and other potential demographic or performance variables and to clarify the direction of causality for bilingual children’s performance in the three domains. These results suggested that learning to read in a heritage language directly or indirectly enhances bilingual children’s ability in phonological awareness and certain English reading skills. It also appears that greater oral language proficiency in Chinese promotes early reading in the heritage language. Advanced heritage reading may produce even larger gains. Practical implications of learning a heritage language in the U.S. are discussed.

`Electronic Publishing' -- Practice and Experience

Electronic Publishing -- Origination, Dissemination and Design (EP-odd) is an academic journal which publishes refereed papers in the subject area of electronic publishing. The authors of the present paper are, respectively, editor-in-chief, system software consultant and senior production manager for the journal. EP-odd's policy is that editors, authors, referees and production staff will work closely together using electronic mail. Authors are also encouraged to originate their papers using one of the approved text-processing packages together with the appropriate set of macros which enforce the layout style for the journal. This same software will then be used by the publisher in the production phase. Our experiences with these strategies are presented, and two recently developed suites of software are described: one of these makes the macro sets available over electronic mail and the other automates the flow of papers through the refereeing process. The decision to produce EP-odd in this way means that the publisher has to adopt production procedures which differ markedly from those employed for a conventional journal.

Causal structure of the entanglement renormalization ansatz

We show that the multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA) can be reformulated in terms of a causality constraint on discrete quantum dynamics. This causal structure is that of de Sitter space with a flat space-like boundary, where the volume of a spacetime region corresponds to the number of variational parameters it contains. This result clarifies the nature of the ansatz, and suggests a generalization to quantum field theory. It also constitutes an independent justification of the connection between MERA and hyperbolic geometry which was proposed as a concrete implementation of the AdS-CFT correspondence.

Sur des estimateurs et des tests non-paramétriques pour des distributions et copules conditionnelles

Pour modéliser un vecteur aléatoire en présence d'une co-variable, on peut d'abord faire appel à la fonction de répartition conditionnelle. En effet, cette dernière contient toute l'information ayant trait au comportement du vecteur étant donné une valeur prise par la co-variable. Il peut aussi être commode de séparer l'étude du comportement conjoint du vecteur de celle du comportement individuel de chacune de ses composantes. Pour ce faire, on utilise la copule conditionnelle, qui caractérise complètement la dépendance conditionnelle régissant les différentes associations entre les variables. Dans chacun des cas, la mise en oeuvre d'une stratégie d'estimation et d'inférence s'avère une étape essentielle à leur utilisant en pratique. Lorsqu'aucune information n'est disponible a priori quant à un choix éventuel de modèle, il devient pertinent d'opter pour des méthodes non-paramétriques. Le premier article de cette thèse, co-écrit par Jean-François Quessy et moi-même, propose une façon de ré-échantillonner des estimateurs non-paramétriques pour des distributions conditionnelles. Cet article a été publié dans la revue Statistics and Computing. En autres choses, nous y montrons comment obtenir des intervalles de confiance pour des statistiques s'écrivant en terme de la fonction de répartition conditionnelle. Le second article de cette thèse, co-écrit par Taoufik Bouezmarni, Jean-François Quessy et moi-même, s'affaire à étudier deux estimateurs non-paramétriques de la copule conditionnelles, proposés par Gijbels et coll. en présence de données sérielles. Cet article a été soumis dans la revue Statistics and Probability Letters. Nous identifions la distribution asymptotique de chacun de ces estimateurs pour des données mélangeantes. Le troisième article de cette thèse, co-écrit par Taoufik Bouezmarni, Jean-François Quessy et moi-même, propose une nouvelle façon d'étudier les relations de causalité entre deux séries chronologiques. Cet article a été soumis dans la revue Electronic Journal of Statistics. Dans cet article, nous utilisons la copule conditionnelle pour caractériser une version locale de la causalité au sens de Granger. Puis, nous proposons des mesures de causalité basées sur la copule conditionnelle. Le quatrième article de cette thèse, co-écrit par Taoufik Bouezmarni, Anouar El Ghouch et moi-même, propose une méthode qui permette d'estimer adéquatement la copule conditionnelle en présence de données incomplètes. Cet article a été soumis dans la revue Scandinavian Journal of Statistics. Les propriétés asymptotiques de l'estimateur proposé y sont aussi étudiées. Finalement, la dernière partie de cette thèse contient un travail inédit, qui porte sur la mise en oeuvre de tests statistiques permettant de déterminer si deux copules conditionnelles sont concordantes. En plus d'y présenter des résultats originaux, cette étude illustre l'utilité des techniques de ré-échantillonnage développées dans notre premier article.

Análise da relação entre poupança e investimento para o caso brasileiro, 1996 a 2013

O presente estudo tem por objetivo estimar a relação entre poupança e investimento no curto prazo. Os dados utilizados ficam restritos ao Brasil, no período que varia entre 1996 e 2013. A fim de satisfazer tal finalidade, será estimado um modelo vetor autorregressivo, com base na literatura empírica do modelo Feldstein e Horioka. O resultado obtido indica uma grande mobilidade de capitais para Brasil, em conformidade a não existência de uma relação de precedência temporal (Causalidade de Granger) para as variáveis. Por meio da decomposição da variância é possível inferir também que as variáveis são responsáveis pelas suas próprias variações ao longo do tempo. Ainda, as conclusões obtidas refutam a validade do Enigma Feldstin e Horioka, de que países industrializados teriam uma pequena mobilidade de capitais.

Czy jesteśmy odpowiedzialni za nasze działania?

The article discusses a responsibility game which is, in fact a ‘question-answer-game’. Firstly, the characteristic of the responsibility game is made. Secondly, the ontology of the responsibility game is settled. Thirdly, the causality of our intentions and the process of decision making are analysed in-depth. Fourthly, the importance of a decision criterion for the process of decisionmaking is proven; whereby, a definition of an action an agent is morally responsible for is finally formulated.

Suomen maakuntien työttömyys, muuttoliike ja omistusasuminen

Alueelliset erot taloudellisessa kehityksessä Suomessa ovat kärjistyneet viime vuosikymmenten aikana, kun palveluyhteiskunnan murros on keskittänyt Suomen talouskasvua etelä- ja länsirannikon kasvukeskuksiin. Aiemmissa empiirisissä tutkimuksissa Suomen työmarkkinoilla on havaittu olevan säännönmukaisia alueellisia piirteitä. Työttömyyden alue-erojen on havaittu olevan suuria ja myös ajallisesti pysyviä, eikä alueellisten työttömyysasteiden ole havaittu lähentyvän toisiaan pitkällä aikavälillä. Alueelliset työttömyysasteet ovat kuitenkin kehittyneet samansuuntaisesti kansantaloudellisten suhdanteiden mukana, joskin kausi- ja suhdannevaihtelu on ollut voimakkaampaa Itä- ja Pohjois-Suomessa verrattuna Etelä-Suomeen. Alueellisen työn kysynnän on havaittu sopeutuvan lähinnä työttömyysasteen välityksellä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää, miten työn kysyntä- ja tarjontashokit vaikuttavat alueelliseen kehitykseen käyttäen mittareina muuttoliikettä ja työttömyyttä. Lisäksi tarkastellaan sitä, millainen vaikutus omistusasumisen suhteellisella osuudella kaikista asumistyypeistä on muuttoliikkeeseen ja työttömyyteen. Esitettyjen teorioiden mukaan korkea omistusasumisen osuus jarruttaa muuttoliikettä ja näin se hidastaa muuttoliikkeen työttömyyttä tasaavaa vaikutusta. Tämän tutkimuksen metodologiaksi valittiin vektoriautoregressiivisen (VAR) mallin muodostamisen, joka soveltui käyttöön sen nauttiessa suosiota tuoreimpien alueellisen kehitysten tutkimusmenetelmänä sekä sen soveltuessa mainiosti käytetylle pitkälle aikasarja-aineistolle. VAR-mallin lähestymistavaksi otettiin Toda-Yamamoton Granger-kausaalisuusmenetelmä. Todan ja Yamamoton esittämän Granger-kausaalisuusmenetelmän tärkeimpiä ansioita on se, että Granger-kausaalisuuden määrittämiseksi VAR-malleja voidaan muodostaa muuttujien tasoilla ja yleisiä rajoitteita voidaan testata luotettavasti, vaikka aikasarjat olisivat integroituneita tai yhteisintegroituneita. Tarkastelussa käytetty aineisto on maakuntatason aineisto työttömyysasteista ja nettomuuttoliikkeestä vuosilta 1987–2013. Tarkastelu etenee mallin stationaarisuus- ja sopivuustarkastelujen kautta varsinaiseen kausaalisuustarkasteluun Wald-testin kriteerien perusteella. Suoritetun empiirisen mallin avulla saatiin selville monenlaisia kausaalisuusvaikutuksia, mikä ei toisaalta ollut yllättävää peilaten tuloksia aiempaan tutkimukseen kotimaisen alueellisen kehityksen osalta. Kaksisuuntaista Granger-kausaalisuutta löydettiin kahden pohjoisen maakunnan osalta, tarjontavetoista kehitystä kuvaavaa, nettomuuttoliikkeen Granger-aiheuttamaa työttömyyttä, löydettiin Etelä- ja Länsi-Suomen maakunnista. Sen sijaan kysyntävetoista kehitystä ilmaisevaa, työttömyys Granger-aiheuttaa nettomuuttoliikettä, vaikutusta voitiin huomata olevan Keski- ja Itä-Suomen maakunnissa. Tilastollisesti merkityksettömiä tuloksia havaittiin myös jonkin verran ja ne kohdistuivat länsirannikon ja Keski-Suomen alueen maakuntiin. Omistusasumisen osuudet eivät olleen mukana VAR-mallissa aineiston rajoittuneisuuden vuoksi. Jatkotarkastelussa maakuntien VAR-mallin tulosten perusteella pyrittiin löytämään yhteneväisyyksiä maakuntien välillä käyttäen apuna omistusasumisen keskimääräisiä osuuksia. Tulokset olivat kuitenkin hyvin hajanaisia, eikä omistusasumisen suuruuden vaikutuksista pystytty tässä tutkimuksessa löytämään luotettavia tuloksia.