Social anxiety and negative early life events in university students

INTRODUCTION: There is substantial evidence regarding the impact of negative life events during childhood on the aetiology of psychiatric disorders. We examined the association between negative early life events and social anxiety in a sample of 571 Spanish University students. METHODS: In a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2007, we collected data through a semistructured questionnaire of sociodemographic variables, personal and family psychiatric history, and substance abuse. We assessed the five early negative life events: (i) the loss of someone close, (ii) emotional abuse, (iii) physical abuse, (iv) family violence, and (v) sexual abuse. All participants completed the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. RESULTS: Mean (SD) age was 21 (4.5), 75% female, LSAS score was 40 (DP = 22), 14.2% had a psychiatric family history and 50.6% had negative life events during childhood. Linear regression analyses, after controlling for age, gender, and family psychiatric history, showed a positive association between family violence and social score (p = 0.03). None of the remaining stressors produced a significant increase in LSAS score (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: University students with high levels of social anxiety presented higher prevalence of negative early life events. Thus, childhood family violence could be a risk factor for social anxiety in such a population.

Adverse events related to vancomycin use in a University Hospital in Brazil

Introduction and Objectives: Vancomycin is indicated to patients who have not responded to treatment with other antibiotics in serious infections caused by organisms susceptible to it and resistant to other antimicrobials. However, over the last five years, many adverse reactions have been reported with this medicine in the University Hospital of the University of Silo Paulo (HU/USP), such as nephrotoxicity and toxicity related to infusion. Some critical patients, for example surgical patients with sepsis and severe trauma are generally susceptible to renal failure due to the severity of the underlying disease. The-aim of this study is to quantify and delineate the epidemiological profile of confirmed adverse reactions caused by vancomycin. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational quantitative study of medical records of patients who had confirmed.adverse reactions occurred with vancomycin in the period from January 2007 to May 2012, at the HU/USP - Brazil. All notifications related to vancomycin were evaluated in the following items: age and sex of patients, type and ward where the adverse event occurred involving this drug. Results and Conclusions: During the analysed period, were confinued 37 adverse events with vancomycn. The adults represented 75,7% of the cases, and the children 24,3%. The present study shows that adult patients admitted to the medical clinic had greater susceptibility to adverse reactions to vancomycin and for pediatric patients its higher frequency was at ICU. Despite the adverse skin reactions performed with greater frequency, it is known that the most severe reactions were related to the kidney resulting in more complex clinical interventions.

Acellular and "low" pertussis vaccines: adverse events and the role of mutations

Objective: to discuss the current PAHO recommendation that does not support the substitution of traditional cellular DTP vaccine by acellular DTP, and the role of mutations, in humans, as the main cause of rare adverse events, such as epileptic-like convulsions, triggered by pertussis vaccine. Data review: the main components related to toxic effects of cellular pertussis vaccines are the lipopolysaccharide of bacterial cell wall and pertussis toxin. The removal of part of lipopolysaccharide layer has allowed the creation of a safer cellular pertussis vaccine, with costs comparable to the traditional cellular vaccine, and which may be a substitute for the acellular vaccine. Conclusion: The new methodology introduced by Instituto Butantan allows for the development of a new safer pertussis vaccine with low LPS content (Plow), and the use of the lipopolysaccharide obtained in the process in the production of monophosphoryl lipid A. This component has shown potent adjuvant effect when administered together with influenza inactivated vaccine, making possible to reduce the antigen dose, enhancing the production capacity and lowering costs.

Eruptive history of the Krakatau volcanic complex, Indonesia

[EN] The 1883 eruption of Krakatau is one of the best known volcanic events in the world, although it was not the largest, nor the deadliest of known eruptions. However, the eruption happened in a critical moment (just after the first global telegraph network was established) and in a strategic place (the Sunda Straits were a naval traffic hot spot at that time). The lecture will explore these events in some detail before presenting an outline on ongoing multidisciplinary efforts to unravel the past and present day plumbing systems of the 1883 eruption and that of the active Anak Krakatau cone. A mid- and a lower-crustal magma storage level exist beneath the volcano, placing significant emphasis on magma-crust interaction in the uppermost, sediment-rich crust. This final aspect shares similarities with the 2011/2012 El Hierro eruption, highlighting the relevance of the interaction between ascending magmas and marine deposits that oceanic magmas have to pass. At Krakatau, shallow-level crustal contamination offers a possible explanation for the explosive nature of the 1883 eruption and also for those of the presently active Anak Krakatau edifice and helps constrain location, style and processes of subvolcanic magma storage.

Effects of ocean acidification on the brown alga "Padina pavonica": decalcification due to acute and chronic events

[EN] Since the industrial revolution, anthropogenic CO2 emissions have caused ocean acidification, which particularly affects calcified organisms. Given the fan-like calcified fronds of the brown alga Padina pavonica, we evaluated the acute (shortterm) effects of a sudden pH drop due to a submarine volcanic eruption (October 2011–early March 2012) affecting offshore waters around El Hierro Island (Canary Islands, Spain). We further studied the chronic (long-term) effects of the continuous decrease in pH in the last decades around the Canarian waters. In both the observational and retrospective studies (using herbarium collections of P. pavonica thalli from the overall Canarian Archipelago), the percent of surface calcium carbonate coverage of P. pavonica thalli were contrasted with oceanographic data collected either in situ (volcanic eruption event) or from the ESTOC marine observatory data series (herbarium study). Results showed that this calcified alga is sensitive to acute and chronic environmental pH changes. In both cases, pH changes predicted surface thallus calcification, including a progressive decalcification over the last three decades. This result concurs with previous studies where calcareous organisms decalcify under more acidic conditions. Hence, Padina pavonica can be implemented as a bio-indicator of ocean acidification (at short and long time scales) for monitoring purposes over wide geographic ranges, as this macroalga is affected and thrives (unlike strict calcifiers) under more acidic conditions

Probabilistic Envelope Curves for Extreme Rainfall Events - Curve Inviluppo Probabilistiche per Precipitazioni Estreme

A regional envelope curve (REC) of flood flows summarises the current bound on our experience of extreme floods in a region. RECs are available for most regions of the world. Recent scientific papers introduced a probabilistic interpretation of these curves and formulated an empirical estimator of the recurrence interval T associated with a REC, which, in principle, enables us to use RECs for design purposes in ungauged basins. The main aim of this work is twofold. First, it extends the REC concept to extreme rainstorm events by introducing the Depth-Duration Envelope Curves (DDEC), which are defined as the regional upper bound on all the record rainfall depths at present for various rainfall duration. Second, it adapts the probabilistic interpretation proposed for RECs to DDECs and it assesses the suitability of these curves for estimating the T-year rainfall event associated with a given duration and large T values. Probabilistic DDECs are complementary to regional frequency analysis of rainstorms and their utilization in combination with a suitable rainfall-runoff model can provide useful indications on the magnitude of extreme floods for gauged and ungauged basins. The study focuses on two different national datasets, the peak over threshold (POT) series of rainfall depths with duration 30 min., 1, 3, 9 and 24 hrs. obtained for 700 Austrian raingauges and the Annual Maximum Series (AMS) of rainfall depths with duration spanning from 5 min. to 24 hrs. collected at 220 raingauges located in northern-central Italy. The estimation of the recurrence interval of DDEC requires the quantification of the equivalent number of independent data which, in turn, is a function of the cross-correlation among sequences. While the quantification and modelling of intersite dependence is a straightforward task for AMS series, it may be cumbersome for POT series. This paper proposes a possible approach to address this problem.

Sensitivity of the Top quark mass measurement with the CMS experiment at LHC using t-tbar multijet simulated events

This thesis comes after a strong contribution on the realization of the CMS computing system, which can be seen as a relevant part of the experiment itself. A physics analysis completes the road from Monte Carlo production and analysis tools realization to the final physics study which is the actual goal of the experiment. The topic of physics work of this thesis is the study of tt events fully hadronic decay in the CMS experiment. A multi-jet trigger has been provided to fix a reasonable starting point, reducing the multi-jet sample to the nominal trigger rate. An offline selection has been provided to reduce the S/B ratio. The b-tag is applied to provide a further S/B improvement. The selection is applied to the background sample and to the samples generated at different top quark masses. The top quark mass candidate is reconstructed for all those samples using a kinematic fitter. The resulting distributions are used to build p.d.f.’s, interpolating them with a continuous arbitrary curve. These curves are used to perform the top mass measurement through a likelihood comparison

Evaluation of a multi variated analysis for the selection of t-tbar multijet events in the current CMS implemented environment at LHC

In the present study we are using multi variate analysis techniques to discriminate signal from background in the fully hadronic decay channel of ttbar events. We give a brief introduction to the role of the Top quark in the standard model and a general description of the CMS Experiment at LHC. We have used the CMS experiment computing and software infrastructure to generate and prepare the data samples used in this analysis. We tested the performance of three different classifiers applied to our data samples and used the selection obtained with the Multi Layer Perceptron classifier to give an estimation of the statistical and systematical uncertainty on the cross section measurement.

Reconstruction of CNGS neutrino events in the emulsions of the OPERA experiment

The OPERA experiment aims at the direct observation of ν_mu -> ν_tau oscillations in the CNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso) neutrino beam produced at CERN; since the ν_e contamination in the CNGS beam is low, OPERA will also be able to study the sub-dominant oscillation channel ν_mu -> ν_e. OPERA is a large scale hybrid apparatus divided in two supermodules, each equipped with electronic detectors, an iron spectrometer and a highly segmented ~0.7 kton target section made of Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC) units. During my research work in the Bologna Lab. I have taken part to the set-up of the automatic scanning microscopes studying and tuning the scanning system performances and efficiencies with emulsions exposed to a test beam at CERN in 2007. Once the triggered bricks were distributed to the collaboration laboratories, my work was centered on the procedure used for the localization and the reconstruction of neutrino events.

Events Management: il caso FPA Worlds 2012

Un problema comune agli Ingegneri Gestionali è quello legato alla necessità di dover sempre spiegare in cosa consista veramente il proprio campo di studi. Amici, conoscenti e parenti non dimostrano mai, infatti, familiarità con il termine. Chi scrive è costretto addirittura ad ammettere di avere una madre che, a pochi giorni dalla discussione dalla Tesi Magistrale, continui ad affermare di non aver ancora capito quale lavoro andrà poi a fare il figlio. Medicina, Giurisprudenza ed Economia sono concetti facili da comprendere; “studiare con approccio quantitativo l'organizzazione e i processi produttivi delle imprese costruendo e applicando modelli per la soluzione dei loro problemi” in effetti lo è un po’ meno. Accade così che si debbano quindi aggiungere altri termini, spiegando l’ingegneria gestionale come insieme di altre discipline: produzione, logistica, marketing, economia aziendale, risorse umane, gestione, progetti... Si dà il caso che questo insieme di altre discipline coincida in larga parte con una branca ancora più oscura ai più: l’event management. Questo lavoro di Tesi è incentrato proprio sulla gestione di un evento: gli FPA Worlds 2012, i Mondiali di Frisbee Freestyle 2012 tenutisi a Riccione dal 2 al 5 agosto. L’autore, nell’ambito del suo percorso di Tirocinio, ne è stato l’event manager, ovvero il massimo responsabile e organizzatore, andando a far confluire esperienze, conoscenze e passioni personali con la coronazione degli studi universitari. L’intero progetto lo ha coinvolto dal luglio 2010 al settembre 2012, all’interno di un’azienda riminese con cui già collaborava dal 2009. La Tesi, di carattere prettamente sperimentale, va quindi ad esporre i processi gestionali “nascosti” dietro ad un evento che ha riscosso successo di pubblico e mediatico, affiancando in ognuno dei capitoli tematici modelli teorici e risultati pratici. La vastità di conoscenze, competenze e strumenti utilizzati ha reso quest’esperienza altamente stimolante, così come le numerose sfide che si sono succedute nel difficile percorso per organizzare il miglior Mondiale di Frisbee Freestyle di sempre.

Die Re-Definition der Wirklichkeit durch Motto-Events

Eine aktuelle Ausprägung der Veranstaltungslandschaft sind die so genannten Motto-Events, die die Inszenierung einer Anderswelt-Konstruktion einsetzen, um emotionale und kommunikatorische Ziele zu erreichen. Dabei werden themengebundene Entwürfe räumlich und inhaltlich in die lebensweltliche Wirklichkeit transportiert und auf diese Weise eine dynamische und integrative Scheinwelt erschaffen. In dieser konstruierten Welt können schließlich Abenteuer erlebt und heroische Taten begangen werden. Durch die reziproke Beeinflussung von Inszenierung und Handlung befinden sich die Akteure außerhalb der gesellschaftlichen Norm, sie erleben innerhalb der "gated community" der Motto-Veranstaltung eine re-definierte Wirklichkeit. Aus einer Kombination von aktiven und passiven Elementen werden homogene Klischees inszeniert, die durch ihren Bekanntheitsgrad eine hohe Anschlussfähigkeit der Teilnehmer garantieren. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Mechanismen, die diese re-definierte Wirklichkeit in Szene setzen. Dadurch wird es möglich, in einer zusammenfassenden Betrachtung die Rezeption verschiedener Event-Modelle zu beschreiben und Handlungsempfehlungen zu geben.

Conversione per il Semantic Web di dati Turistico-Culturali: il progetto QRPlaces - Semantic Events

Il progetto QRPlaces - Semantic Events, oggetto di questo lavoro, focalizza l’attenzione sull’analisi, la progettazione e l’implementazione di un sistema che sia in grado di modellare i dati, relativi a diversi eventi facenti parte del patrimonio turistico - culturale della Regione Emilia Romagna 1, rendendo evidenti i vantaggi associati ad una rappresentazione formale incentrata sulla Semantica. I dati turistico - culturali sono intesi in questo ambito sia come una rappresentazione di “qualcosa che accade in un certo punto ad un certo momento” (come ad esempio un concerto, una sagra, una raccolta fondi, una rappresentazione teatrale e quant’altro) sia come tradizioni e costumi che costituiscono il patrimonio turistico-culturale e a cui si fa spesso riferimento con il nome di “Cultural Heritage”. Essi hanno la caratteristica intrinseca di richiedere una conoscenza completa di diverse informa- zioni correlata, come informazioni di geo localizzazione relative al luogo fisico che ospita l’evento, dati biografici riferiti all’autore o al soggetto che è presente nell’evento piuttosto che riferirsi ad informazioni che descrivono nel dettaglio tutti gli oggetti, come teatri, cinema, compagnie teatrali che caratterizzano l’evento stesso. Una corretta rappresentazione della conoscenza ad essi legata richiede, pertanto, una modellazione in cui i dati possano essere interconnessi, rivelando un valore informativo che altrimenti resterebbe nascosto. Il lavoro svolto ha avuto lo scopo di realizzare un dataset rispondente alle caratteristiche tipiche del Semantic Web grazie al quale è stato possibile potenziare il circuito di comunicazione e informazione turistica QRPlaces 2. Nello specifico, attraverso la conversione ontologica di dati di vario genere relativi ad eventi dislocati nel territorio, e sfruttando i principi e le tecnologie del Linked Data, si è cercato di ottenere un modello informativo quanto più possibile correlato e arricchito da dati esterni. L’obiettivo finale è stato quello di ottenere una sorgente informativa di dati interconnessi non solo tra loro ma anche con quelli presenti in sorgenti esterne, dando vita ad un percorso di collegamenti in grado di evidenziare una ricchezza informativa utilizzabile per la creazione di valore aggiunto che altrimenti non sarebbe possibile ottenere. Questo aspetto è stato realizzato attraverso un’in- terfaccia di MashUp che utilizza come sorgente il dataset creato e tutti i collegamenti con la rete del Linked Data, in grado di reperire informazioni aggiuntive multi dominio.