995 resultados para Comerç medieval


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Jornadas "Ciência nos Açores – que futuro? Tema Ciências Naturais e Ambiente", Ponta Delgada, 7-8 de Junho de 2013.

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OBJETIVO: Descrever qualitativamente o comportamento alimentar de estudantes residentes em moradia universitária. MÉTODOS: Estudo quanti-qualitativo realizado com uma amostra sorteada de cem estudantes universitários, residentes em moradia estudantil no município de Campinas, SP, em 2004. Foram feitas entrevistas utilizando-se formulário para colher o recordatório alimentar nas últimas 24 horas, incluindo questões abertas relativas ao sistema de compras e práticas de consumo. Foram criados critérios para análise da qualidade das refeições. Foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado e o exato de Fisher, ao nível de significância de 5%. Nas entrevistas foram obtidos e analisados dados de natureza representacional, com base na teoria das representações sociais de Moscivici. RESULTADOS: Avaliação do recordatório 24 horas: desjejum, 30% não consumiram, 13% foram completos, 37% padrão e 20% incompletos; almoço, 5% não consumiram, 72% consumiram refeição completa e 23% incompleta; jantar, 1% não consumiu, 36% foram completos e 63% incompletos. A refeição de melhor qualidade foi o almoço, e dos estudantes que almoçaram, 63% o fizeram no restaurante universitário. Dos entrevistados, 48% não ingeriram nenhuma fruta e 39% não ingeriram leite no dia. A maioria (69%) apresentou comportamento alimentar individual e 43% consideraram que o fato de comer em companhia alterava positivamente sua alimentação. A experiência de passar a prover a própria alimentação modifica comportamentos e representações entre os estudantes acerca do ato alimentar. CONCLUSÕES: A qualidade da alimentação, os padrões de comensalidade e as representações sociais do ato alimentar oferecem subsídios para o desenvolvimento de práticas de cuidado com a alimentação e promoção à saúde.

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O presente artigo consagra-se à redescoberta de alguns dos textos que, na Europa do passado, foram fazendo a pedagogia da morte cristã, propondo atitudes normativas, morais como orações, culpas e arrependimentos, asceses como espiritualidades, ensinando verdadeiramente a bem morrer. Conhecidos desde o período medieval, alguns desses textos mais frequentados haveriam de cristalizar-se numa ars moriendi em que se oferecia, desde o período quatrocentista, um texto muitas vezes procurado, compulsado e copiado, mas intimamente ligado a uma iconografia que parecia mesmo sobrepujar essas lições fixadas pela ―arte de morrer‖.

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OBJETIVO: Compreender a fissura do usuário de crack, bem como descrever os comportamentos desenvolvidos sob fissura e estratégias utilizadas para seu controle. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Estudo qualitativo com amostra intencional por critérios de 40 usuários e ex-usuários de crack em São Paulo, SP, nos anos de 2007 e 2008. Os entrevistados foram recrutados pela técnica da bola de neve e submetidos à entrevista semi-estruturada em profundidade, até a saturação teórica. Após transcrição literal, seguiu-se a análise do conteúdo das entrevistas para elaboração de inferências e hipóteses alicerçadas nessas narrativas. ANÁLISE DOS RESULTADOS: Os entrevistados estavam igualmente distribuídos quanto ao sexo, possuíam idade entre 18 e 50 anos, abrangeram todos os níveis de escolaridade e a maior parte possuía poucos recursos financeiros. Além da fissura sentida na abstinência de crack e da fissura induzida por pistas ambientais e emocionais, constatou-se um tipo de fissura que faz parte do próprio efeito do crack. Esta última apareceu como forte fator mantenedor dos binges de consumo, que foram os maiores responsáveis pelo rebaixamento de valores do usuário, sujeitando-o a práticas arriscadas para a obtenção da droga. Os métodos mais citados para a obtenção de crack ou dinheiro para comprá-lo foram: prostituição, manipulação de pessoas, endividamento, troca de pertences por crack e roubo. Foram relatadas estratégias para o alívio da fissura e táticas farmacológicas e comportamentais para evitar o seu desenvolvimento, como: comer, ter relação sexual, jogar futebol, trabalhar, evitar o contexto social de uso de crack e usar drogas que causam sonolência. CONCLUSÕES: Os binges de consumo de crack são causados pela fissura induzida durante o uso da droga. As medidas criadas pelo próprio usuário para lidar com a sua fissura melhoram sua relação com o crack e podem ser ferramenta importante para o aprimoramento do tratamento.

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Beaver only had been found in Portugal in a Chalcolithic locality, the Vila Nova de S. Pedro castrum. It has now been identified in the Upper Paleolithic (Solutrean) from Gruta do Caldeirão, near Tomar. The species has been found recently at «Gruta do Almonda»; 4 teeth were collected in bed C, older than a Solutrean sequence (see Anexo for details). The species seems to have been rare, as it was also the case with portuguese Miocene Castoridae Enroxenomys minutus and Chalicomys jaegeri. If account is taken of the presence in the Middle Ages until Castille of words meaning beaver (relared to the popular latin Fiber/Biber), it is obvious that these animais still existed then. Such nouns were largely predominant over rhe rather erudite latin (greek deríved) words as Castor,-óris and derived ones, as it could be expected. This allowed us to recognize that veiro should be the corresponding word with Fiber affinities in archaic portuguese. It was previously supposed to mean only expensive furs then imported into Portugal. Indeed it was also a zoonym. Anywày, beaver should be scarce by XIIIth century since it is not included in the quite detailed price list imposed by the «Lei da Almotaçaria» from December 26, 1253 (see Quadro II). Toponyms in veiro and derived words (fig. 2; Quadro III) (plural, feminines, diminutives, inhabited places) give a resrrictive view of rhe Middle Age distribution. Some of them are certainly older than Portugal itself (firsr half of XIlth cenrury); others existed by the XIVth century bur were probably older. Some rare toponyms seem to be derived from the erudite latin Castor,-óris. Nothing suggests that these words were still in use as zoonyms during the Middle Ages. All toponyms are located in regions near rivers and other freshwaters ecologically suitable for beavers, so we can approximately retrace its former, Middle Age disrribution in Portugal (fig. 2; Quadro III). Most of them are locared in the Center-West and Northwest of Portugal, with a suitable c1imate (rainfall in general over 800 mílimerers per year); the only sure geographical exception is Veiros, in Alto Alentejo province, in a region with comparable precipitations and less dry climate conditions than mosr of the territories South of rhe Tagus. There are less and less of these toponyms towards rhe South and the inner part of the country, and they are enrirely lacking in all drier regions from Trás-os-Montes, Beira, Alentejo beyond Tagus' basin, and in Algarve. Nothing suggests beavers lived there, No post-medieval toponym is known, nor any reference after middle XVth century. No such locality was at, or close by to, any frontier. Hence the hypothesis of veiro (et al.} as meaning but points where expensive furs (supposedly known as veiros in general but without c1early saying from what animal they were obrained from) is to be discarded. During the Middle Ages, beaver discriburion concerned all the main river basins from Minho to Tagus ones. Quite rarefied in rhe XIIIth, the beavers may have disappeared from Portugal during the XVth century. Ecological requiremenrs restricted their former distriburion. Vulnerability to natural causes (i.e., severe drought) and to human pressure may have accounted heavily for this species' extinction. Last (1446) reference for Portugal known to us suggests the species was by then almost extinct.

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Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Conservação e Restauro, especialidade Teoria, História e Técnicas, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

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This article studies how galician-portuguese medieval poetry deals with the human body and the human gestures, taking in account the three major poetical genres, the love song, the "amiga" song (feminine voices) and the satyrical song.

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Este artigo analisa a imagem de Afonso Henriques, tal como aparece nas Crónicas Breves de Santa Cruz de Coimbra e nos Livros de Linhagens.

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Beaver only had been found in Portugal in a Chalcolithic locality, the Vila Nova de S. Pedro castrum. It has now been idenrified in the Upper Paleolithic (Solurrean) from Gruta do Caldeirão, near Tomar. The species has been found recently at «Gruta do Almonda»; 4 teeth were collected in bed C, older than a Solutrean sequence (see Anexo for details). The species seems to have been rare, as it was also the case with portuguese miocene Castoridae Enroxenomys minutus and Chalicomys jaegeri. If account is taken of the presence in the Middle Ages until Castille of words meaning beaver (related to the popular latin Fiber/Biber), it is obvious that these animals still existed then. Such nouns were largely predominant over the rather erudite larin (greek derived) words as Castor, -óris and derived ones, as it could be expected. This allowed us to recognize that veiro should be the corresponding word with Fiber affinities in archaic portuguese. It was previously supposed to mean only expensive furs then imported into Portugal. Indeed it was also a zoonym. Anyway, beaver should be scarce by XIIIth century since it is not included in the quite detailed price list imposed by the «Lei da Almotaçaria» from December 26, 1253 (see Quadro II). Toponyms in veiro and derived words (fig. 2; Quadro III) (plural, feminines, diminutives, inhabited places) give a restrictive view of the Middle Age distribution. Some of them are certainly older than Portugal itself (first half of XIIth century); others existed by the XIVth century but were probably older. Some rare toponyms seem to be derived from rhe erudite latin Castor, -óris. Nothing suggests that these words were still in use as zoonyms during the Middle Ages. All toponyms are located in regions near rivers and other freshwaters ecologically suitable for beavers, so wecan approximately retrace irs former, Middle Age distribution in Portugal (fig. 2; Quadro III). Most of them are located in the Center-West and Northwest of Portugal, with a suitable c1imate (rainfall in general over 800 milimeters per year); the only sure geographical exception is Veiros, in Alto Alentejo province, in a region with comparable precipitations and less dry climare conditions than most of the territories South of the Tagus. There are less and less of these toponyms towards the South and the inner part of the country, and they are enrirely lacking in ali drier regions from Trás-os-Montes, Beira, Alentejo beyond Tagus' basin, and in Algarve. Nothing suggests beavers lived there, No pose-medieval toponym is known, nor any reference after middle XVth century. No such locality was at, or close by to, any frontier. Hence the hypothesis of veiro (e: al.) as meaning but points where expensive furs(supposedly known as veiros in general but without clearly saying from what animal they were obtained from) is to be discarded. During the Middle Ages, beaver distribution concerned all the main river basins from Minho to Tagus ones. Quice racefied in the XIIIth, the beavers may have disappeared from Portugal during the XVth century. Ecological requirements restricted their former distribution. Vulnerability to natural causes (i.e., severe drought) and to human pressure may have accounted heavily for this species extinction. Last (1446) reference for Portugal known to us suggests the species was by then almost extinct.

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Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em História Medieval.

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The knowledge of the anisotropic properties beneath the Iberian Peninsula and Northern Morocco has been dramatically improved since late 2007 with the analysis of the data provided by the dense TopoIberia broadband seismic network, the increasing number of permanent stations operating in Morocco, Portugal and Spain, and the contribution of smaller scale/higher resolution experiments. Results from the two first TopoIberia deployments have evidenced a spectacular rotation of the fast polarization direction (FPD) along the Gibraltar Arc, interpreted as an evidence of mantle flow deflected around the high velocity slab beneath the Alboran Sea, and a rather uniform N100 degrees E FPD beneath the central Iberian Variscan Massif, consistent with global mantle flow models taking into account contributions of surface plate motion, density variations and net lithosphere rotation. The results from the last Iberarray deployment presented here, covering the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula, also show a rather uniform FPD orientation close to N100 degrees E, thus confirming the previous interpretation globally relating the anisotropic parameters to the LPO of mantle minerals generated by mantle flow at asthenospheric depths. However, the degree of anisotropy varies significantly, from delay time values of around 0.5 s beneath NW Iberia to values reaching 2.0 sin its NE comer. The anisotropic parameters retrieved from single events providing high quality data also show significant differences for stations located in the Variscan units of NW Iberia, suggesting that the region includes multiple anisotropic layers or complex anisotropy systems. These results allow to complete the map of the anisotropic properties of the westernmost Mediterranean region, which can now be considered as one of best constrained regions worldwide, with more than 300 sites investigated over an area extending from the Bay of Biscay to the Sahara platform. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em História Medieval

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Dissertação de Doutoramento em História da Arte – Medieval

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Comunicação apresentada no 3," Encontro Internacional de Tomar, subordinado ao tema Odisséias Reais e Odisséias Espirituais em Julho de 1986. pp. 27-58

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pp. 121-132