Asociación de anemia ferropenica y rendimiento escolar en niños de 2º A 7º año de Educación Básica Escuela 12 DE OCTUBRE TAMBO. 2015

Anemia ferropénica, enfermedad común en niños afecta su desarrollo psicomotriz y cognitivo, se ha asociado a una disminución en su rendimiento escolar. OBJETIVO GENERAL Determinar la asociación entre la anemia ferropénica y rendimiento escolar en niños de 2º a 7º año de educación básica de la escuela “12 de Octubre” del cantón el Tambo, 2015. DISEÑO METODOLÓGICO Estudio tipo analítico transversal, a una población de 92 escolares de 2º a 7º año de educación básica, matriculados en el año lectivo 2015 – 2016. Previo a su inclusión representantes de los escolares firmaron consentimiento informado, luego llenaron un formulario que determinó variables como edad, sexo, año escolar, lugar de residencia. Un análisis sanguíneo permitió establecer la presencia de la variable anemia ferropénica; y la variable rendimiento escolar fue tomada de los libros de registro de calificaciones. Recolectada la información se ingresó al ordenador para un análisis ulterior en los programas Microsoft Office Excel 2010 y SPSS V22. RESULTADOS De los 92 escolares investigados, el 53,3% fueron mujeres y el 46.7% hombres. El promedio de edad fue de 9,38 (DS 2,10). El mayor número según grupo de edad fue entre 10 y 11 años con el 43,48%. Se presentó anemia por deficiencia de hierro en 25% de los escolares, la relación con el rendimiento escolar fue no significativa (RP 0,6 IC 95 0,14-2,51, valor de p=0,51)

Role of Erythropoietin in Renal Anemia Therapy

Renal anemia is a common complication of chronic renal failure caused by erythropoietin deficiency; targeting erythropoietin is a common approach to renal anemia treatment. This paper describes the role of erythropoietin and others drugs in renal anemia treatment, as well as the cause of erythropoietin resistance.

S-Alkylated/aralkylated 2-(1H-indol-3-yl-methyl)-1,3,4- oxadiazole-5-thiol derivatives. 2. Anti-bacterial, enzymeinhibitory and hemolytic activities

Purpose: To evaluate the antibacterial, enzyme-inhibitory and hemolytic activities of Salkylated/ aralkylated 2-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-5-thiol derivatives. Methods: Antibacterial activities of the compounds were evaluated using broth dilution method in 96 well plates. Enzyme inhibitory activities assays were investigated against α-glucosidase, butyrylcholinesterase (BchE) and lipoxygenase (LOX) using acarbose, eserine and baicalien as reference standards, respectively. A mixture of enzyme, test compound and the substrate was incubated and variation in absorbance noted before and after incubation. In tests for hemolytic activities, the compounds were incubated with red blood cells and variations in absorbance were used as indices their hemolytic activities. Results: The compounds were potent antibacterial agents. Five of them exhibited very good antibacterial potential similar to ciprofloxacin, and had minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of at least 9.00 ± 4.12 μM against S. aureus, E.coli, and B. subtilis. One of the compounds had strong enzyme inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase, with IC50 of 17.11 ± 0.02 μg/mL which was better than that of standard acarbose (IC50 38.25 ± 0.12 μg/mL). Another compound had 1.5 % hemolytic activity. Conclusion: S-Alkylated/aralkylated 2-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-5-thiol deviratives with valuable antibacterial, anti-enzymatic and hemolytic activities have been successfully synthesized. These compounds may be useful in the development of pharmaceutical products.

Hemolytic activity of alternative complement pathway as an indicator of innate immunity in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the methodology to establish the hemolytic activity of alternative complement pathway as an indicator of the innate immunity in Brazilian fish pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), in addition to verifying the influence of β-glucan as an immunostimulant. Fish were fed with diets containing 0, 0.1 and 1% β-glucan, during seven days, and then inoculated with Aeromonas hydrophila. Seven days after the challenge, they were bled for serum extraction. The methodology consisted of a kinetic assay that allows calculating the required time for serum proteins of the complement to promote 50% lysis of a rabbit red blood cell suspension. The method developed in mammals was successfully applied for pacu and determined that the hemolytic activity of the proteins of the complement system (alternative pathway) increased after the pathogen challenge, but was not influenced by the β-glucan treatment.

Impact of the two different iron fortifi ed cookies on treatment of anemia in preschool children in Brazil.

Nutritional intervention in pre-school children using cookies prepared with wheat fl our enriched with iron and folic acid (CWFFeFA) and cookies prepared with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) fl our fortifi ed with iron and zinc and wheat fl our enriched with iron and folic acid (CCFFeZn + WFFeFA).

Malattie immunomediate del cane e del gatto: aspetti diagnostici e terapeutici

La presente tesi di dottorato affronta alcune delle più comuni malattie immunomediate del cane e del gatto. Il manoscritto è incentrato sugli aspetti diagnostici e terapeutici in corso di: anemia emolitica immunomediata (Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, IMHA), trombocitopenia immunomediata (Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, ITP) e poliartrite immunomediata (Immune-mediated polyarthritis, IMP). Il capitolo 1 costituisce un’introduzione all’argomento delle malattie immunologiche; vengono sottolineati alcuni aspetti patogenetici delle singole malattie immunomediate e riassunte le difficoltà diagnostiche e terapeutiche. Il capitolo 2 riporta uno studio riguardante una popolazione di gatti con diagnosi, o sospetto diagnostico, di IMHA che evidenziava una discrepanza tra i test diagnostici per il virus della leucemia felina (Feline Leukemia Virus, FeLV). La positività FeLV al test point of care, non confermata dalla PCR del DNA provirale, lascia spazio a diverse interpretazioni. Il capitolo 3 mostra i dati relativi al confronto tra tre diversi protocolli immunosoppressivi (glucocorticoidi, glucocorticoidi+ciclosporina, glucocorticoidi+micofenolato mofetile) in una popolazione di cani con IMHA non associativa. Il confronto verteva, principalmente, sulla risposta ematologica dei pazienti, che non si è dimostrata differente tra i tre gruppi terapeutici. Il capitolo 4 riporta una revisione della letteratura riguardante l’ITP del cane e del gatto. Si tratta di una malattia eterogenea in cui le manifestazioni cliniche appaiono variabili: alcuni pazienti sono asintomatici, altri presentano dei sanguinamenti spontanei. La mancanza di criteri diagnostici standardizzati, porta il clinico a considerare l’ITP una diagnosi “ad esclusione”. Le strategie terapeutiche non si basano purtroppo su linee guida condivise, pertanto il target della terapia rimane, ad oggi, sconosciuto. Nel capitolo 5 viene posta l’attenzione su alcuni interrogativi diagnostici e terapeutici che riguardano l’IMP del cane e del gatto. La sintomatologia clinica, caratterizzata da zoppia, febbre e riluttanza al movimento, talvolta può essere subdola. Anche in questa malattia, non vi sono evidenze scientifiche circa il regime immunosoppressivo più corretto ed indicato.

Role of Shiga toxins in the pathogenesis of hemolytic uremic syndrome

During the pathogenesis of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a severe sequela of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) gastrointestinal infections, before the toxin acts on the target endothelial cells of the kidney and brain, several Stx forms are transported in the bloodstream: free Stx; Stx bound to circulating cells through Gb3Cer and TLR4 receptors; and Stx associated to blood cell-derived microvesicles. The latter form is mainly responsible for the development of life-threatening HUS in 15% of STEC-infected patients. Stx consist of five B subunits non-covalently bound to a single A subunit (uncleaved Stx) which can be cleaved in two fragments (A1 and A2) held by a disulfide bond (cleaved Stx). After reduction, the enzymatically active A1 fragment responsible for toxicity is released. Cleaved and uncleaved Stx are biologically active but functionally different, thus their presence in patients’ blood could affect the onset of HUS. Currently, there are no effective therapies for the treatment of STEC-infected patients and the gold standard strategies available for the diagnosis are very expensive and time-consuming. In this thesis, by exploiting the resolving power of SERS technology (Amplified Raman Spectroscopy on Surfaces), a plasmonic biosensor was developed as effective diagnostic tool for early detection of Stx in patients’ sera. An acellular protein synthesis system for detecting cleaved Stx2a in human serum based on its greater translation inhibition after treatment with reducing agents was developed and used to identify cleaved Stx in STEC-infected patients’ sera. Pathogenic microvesicles from Stx2a-challenged blood from healthy donors were isolated and characterized. The antibiotic NAB815, acting as inhibitor of toxin binding to TLR4 expressed by circulating cells, was found to be effective in impairing the formation of blood cell-derived microvesicles containing Stx2a, also having a protective effect in cellular models. This approach could be proposed as an innovative treatment for HUS prevention.

Caso Inês e Daiane: anemia na infância [exercício]

Questões objetivas de múltipla escolha que avaliam as competências em diagnóstico e tratamento de anemia ferropriva na infância.

Caso Inês e Daiane: maus tratos na infância, anemia ferropriva na infância e infecções de pele [exercício]

Exercício de completar as sentenças sobre maus tratos infantis, anemia e zoodermatoses.

Abordagem da criança com anemia falciforme e fibrose cística

Aborda duas patologias rastreadas por meio da triagem neonatal ou teste do pezinho: a anemia falciforme e a fibrose cística. E objetiva identificar os casos que envolvem crianças diagnosticadas com estas doenças para compreender como avaliar e manejar estas situações. Unidade 6 “Abordagem da criança com anemia falciforme e fibrose cística”, do módulo 8 “Situações clínicas comuns materno-infantis” do Programa Multicêntrico de Qualificação em Atenção Domiciliar a Distância.

Hemograma, anemia e linfadenopatia

O módulo sangue, órgãos hematopoiéticos e linfáticos aborda o reconhecimento de características fisiológicas e patológicas básicas do funcionamento do tecido sanguíneo e do sistema linfático, bem como suas inter-relações e mensurações quantitativas automatizadas de rotina. Conteúdo: hemograma, uma rápida revisão; anemia ferropriva; anemia perniciosa; anemia falciforme; alterações plaquetárias; hematócrito elevado; linfadenopatia.

Anemia

Material da unidade 3 que compõe o módulo 9 "Saúde do adolescente" do Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA, com apresentação visual trabalhada para atender aos alunos participantes do programa Mais Médicos. Apresenta as causas e consequências da anemia ferropriva, na fase da adolescência, bem como as condutas a serem tomadas.

Tratamento da anemia em pacientes com doença renal crônica

Este material compõe o Curso de Especialização em Nefrologia Multidisciplinar (Unidade 2, Módulo 6), produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Trata-se de um recurso educacional interativo que apresenta as instruções profissionais a respeito das condutas necessárias ao tratamento da anemia em pacientes com Doença Renal Crônica.