Alfabetisme total : el gran repte de la comprensi?? lectora i visual

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Synthesis of unusual alpha-amino acids and study of the effect of their incorporation into antimicrobial peptides. Total synthesis of biactive marine natural products and analogues thereof

The principle theme of this thesis was the synthesis of bioactive compounds. To this end, this work was focus on two main projects. The first one, which was carried out in the Department of Chemistry of the University of Girona under the supervision of Dr Montserrat Heras, concerned the synthesis of new unnatural amino acids bearing a pyrimidine ring within their side chain for incorporation into the antimicrobial peptide BP100 following a rational design in order to improve its biological profile. On the other hand, the second chapter of this thesis was developed in collaboration with the Laboratoire de Chimie Organique (ESPCI-ParisTech, Paris, France) under the guidance of Pr Janine Cossy and Dr Arseniyadis. This chapter was centered on the total synthesis of three marine natural products with complex structures and interesting biological activities: acremolide B, (–) bitungolide F and lyngbouilloside.

Relação dos centros de pressão dos quatro apoios do cavalo com a conformação dos respetivos membros

A conformação pode modular a predisposição para lesões de um cavalo. Por outro lado, o comportamento dos centros de pressão (CdP) dos cascos do cavalo pode fornecer informação relativa ao desempenho mecânico do seu sistema biológico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a correlação dos CdP dos cascos com os principais defeitos de conformação da população estudada. Oito cavalos Puro Sangue Lusitano (PSL) saudáveis, com a cabeça numa posição neutra foram colocados, durante 15 ensaios de 8 segundos, com os membros anteriores (MA) numa placa de pressão e com os membros posteriores (MP) noutra. Os resultados sincronizados foram usados para caracterizar o deslocamento do CdP de cada casco e estudar a sua correlação com a conformação. Os resultados foram analisados de forma qualitativa, através da interpretação de áreas de contato e estabilogramas, assim como de forma quantitativa utilizando estatística inferencial para determinar uma eventual correlação com a conformação, recorrendo a um índice de conformação (IC). O defeito de conformação mais frequente foi os cavalos serem “esquerdos” e o que menos se observou foi serem “fechados de frente”. O IC variou entre 1 e 7. A média das áreas de contato dos cascos dos 8 cavalos foi maior nos MP do que nos MA, tendo acontecido o mesmo para os valores dos deslocamentos do CdP, que foram significativamente maiores nos MP do que nos MA Não foi detetada correlação entre os deslocamentos totais dos CdP e a conformação. Concluíu-se que o CdP dos PSL em estação não está dependente de variações de conformação em que o IC seja igual ou inferior a 7.

Applicability of the CID grammatical analysis of elicted language-simple sentence level to children educated in total communication

This paper discusses a study to determine the applicability of the CID GAEL Test-Simple Sentence Level test to hearing impaired children educated in a total communication setting.

Communication breakdowns and repair strategies in oral communication and total communication children with cochlear implants

This study assesses communication breakdowns in children with cochlear implants from oral and total communications backgrounds. More communication breakdowns occurred between the total communication child and the conversational partner than the oral communication child and the conversational partner. Both total and oral communication children used non-specific repair strategies.

La experiencia etnoeducativa en el Colegio 19 de Noviembre en la Comunidad La Concepción: una subversión estratégica y una entrega total

Esta tesis pretende analizar las prácticas etnoeducativas implementadas en el Colegio 19 de Noviembre ubicado en la comunidad rural afroecuatoriana, La Concepción, de la región Carchi, asentada discretamente en las faldas de la cordillera tremenda. Este trabajo explora el proceso de la etnoeducación, en el colegio al respecto de sus retos, sus triunfos, y sus participantes, y las complejidades epistemológicas de poder e identidad que se enredan en el proceso. La etnoeducación pretende crear nuevas lógicas educativas las cuales incluyen la enseñanza sobre la cultura y la historia afroecuatoriana e intentan recuperar el conocimiento afro perdido y excluido a través de años de colonialismo y neocolonialismo. Esta investigación intenta identificar los desafíos que enfrentan el proyecto etnoeducativo y los éxitos que le inspiran en La Concepción. Desde esta perspectiva, esta tesis se realiza un análisis de las prácticas aplicadas en el colegio rural, de población afroecuatoriana, y las respuestas de los jóvenes allí. Indagaba sobre las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cuáles son las prácticas etnoeducativas que contribuyen al mejoramiento de la calidad de la educación en La Concepción, y qué aportes ofrecen estas prácticas para la construcción de nuevos espacios socio-políticos de participación juvenil? ¿Cómo están construyendo los docentes los espacios educativos de las prácticas de etnoeducación para la participación juvenil como espacios de transformación? ¿Cómo reciben estas prácticas etnoeducativas los jóvenes?

Characterisation of amorphous and nanocrystalline molecular materials by total scattering

The use of high-energy X-ray total scattering coupled with pair distribution function analysis produces unique structural fingerprints from amorphous and nanostructured phases of the pharmaceuticals carbamazepine and indomethacin. The advantages of such facility-based experiments over laboratory-based ones are discussed and the technique is illustrated with the characterisation of a melt-quenched sample of carbamazepine as a nanocrystalline (4.5 nm domain diameter) version of form III.

Effect of high dose selenium enriched yeast diets on the distribution of total selenium and selenium species within lamb tissues

The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of total selenium (Se) and of the proportion of total Se comprised as the selenized amino acids selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenocysteine (SeCys) within the post mortem tissues of lambs that were fed high dose selenized enriched yeast (SY), derived from a specific strain of Saccharomyces cerevisae CNCM (Collection Nationale de Culture de Micro-organism) I-3060. Thirty two Texel X Suffolk lambs (6.87 ± 0.23 kg BW) were offered both reconstituted milk replacer and a pelleted diet, both of which had been either supplemented with high SY (6.30 ± 0.18 mg Se/kg DM) or unsupplemented (0.13 ± 0.01 mg Se/kg of DM), depending on treatment designation, for a continuous period of 91 d. At enrollment and 28, 56 and 91 d following enrollment lambs were blood sampled. At the completion of the treatment period, five lambs from each treatment group were euthanased and samples of heart, liver, kidney and skeletal muscle (Longissimus Dorsi and Psoas Major) were retained for Se analysis. The inclusion of high SY increased (P < 0.001) whole blood Se concentration, reaching a maximum mean value of 815.2 ± 19.1 ng Se/mL compared with 217.8 ± 9.1 ng Se/mL in control animals. Tissue total Se concentrations were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in SY supplemented animals than in controls irrespective of tissue type; values were 26, 16, 8 and 3 times higher in skeletal muscle, liver, heart and kidney tissue of HSY lambs when compared to controls. however, the distribution of total Se and the proportions of total Se comprised as either SeMet or SeCys differed between tissue types. Selenocysteine was the predominant selenized amino acid in glandular tissues, such the liver and kidney. irrespective of treatment, although absolute values were markedly higher in HSY lambs. Conversely selenomethionine was the predominat selenized amino acid in cardiac and skeletal muscle (Longissimus Dorsi, and Psoas Major) tissues in HSY animals, although the same trend was not apparent for control lambs in which SeCys was the predominant selenized amino acid. It was concluded that there were increases in both whole blood and tissue total Se concentrations as a result of dietary supplementation with high dose of SY. Furthermore, distribution of total Se and Se species differed between both treatment designation and tissue type.

Selenium supplementation of lactating dairy cows: effects on milk production and total selenium content and speciation in blood, milk and cheese

Forty-multiparous Holstein cows were used in a 16-wk continuous design study to determine the effects of either selenium (Se) source, selenized yeast (SY) (derived from a specific strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3060 Sel-Plex®) or sodium selenite (SS), or inclusion rate of SY on Se concentration and speciation in blood, milk and cheese. Cows received ad libitum a TMR with 1:1 forage:concentrate ratio on a dry matter (DM) basis. There were four diets (T1-T4) which differed only in either source or dose of Se additive. Estimated total dietary Se for T1 (no supplement), T2 (SS), T3 (SY) and T4 (SY) was 0.16, 0.30, 0.30 and 0.45 mg/kg DM, respectively. Blood and milk samples were taken at 28 day intervals and at each time point there were positive linear effects of SY on Se concentration in blood and milk. At day 112 blood and milk Se values for T1-T4 were 177, 208, 248, 279 ± 6.6 and 24, 38, 57, 72 ± 3.7 ng/g fresh material, respectively and indicate improved uptake and incorporation of Se from SY. While selenocysteine (SeCys) was the main selenised amino acid in blood its concentration was not markedly affected by treatment, but the proportion of total Se as selenomethionine (SeMet) increased with increasing inclusion rate of SY. In milk, there were no marked treatment effects on SeCys content, but Se source had a marked effect on the proportion of total Se as SeMet. At day 112 replacing SS (T2) with SY (T3) increased the SeMet concentration of milk from 36 to 111 ng Se/g and its concentration increased further to 157 ng Se/g as the inclusion rate of SY increased further (T4) to provide 0.45 mg Se/kg TMR. Neither Se source nor inclusion rate effected the keeping quality of milk. At day 112, milk from T1, T2, and T3 was made into a hard cheese and Se source had a marked effect on total Se and the proportion of total Se comprised as either SeMet or SeCys. Replacing SS (T2) with SY (T3) increased total Se, SeMet and SeCys content from 180 to 340 ng Se/g, 57 to 153 ng Se/g and 52 to 92 ng Se/g, respectively. Key words: dairy cow, milk and cheese, selenomethionine, selenocysteine, milk keeping quality