Probióticos e doença periodontal

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz

Protein disulfide isomerase as a target for besnoitiosis therapy : molecular characterization and studies of its role in infection and host immune response

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Veterinárias na especialidade de Sanidade Animal

Sistemas de vigilância das resistências aos antibióticos

Dissertação de Mestrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Identificación de subpoblaciones de macrófagos y linfocitos T en pulmones de pacientes fallecidos por influenza A H1N1

La infección por el virus de la influenza es un problema de salud pública por su rápida diseminación y alta morbilidad. Los casos graves de infección por éste virus presentan hipercitocinemia, la cual se ha asociado a una respuesta inmune adquirida desfavorable y un mal pronóstico para el paciente. Se han realizado hasta ahora experimentos en suero de pacientes o en tejido pulmonar en modelos de animales, sin embargo, no se tienen reportes del microambiente en el pulmón de pacientes fallecidos por el virus de la influenza. Objetivo: Determinar las subpoblaciones de macrófagos y linfocitos T y su correlación con el daño tisular en pulmón de pacientes fallecidos por influenza A H1N1 y otras enfermedades respiratorias. Material y Métodos: Se identificó y cuantificó el virus de influenza A H1N1 (pdm)09 e influenza A estacional por qRT-PCR, así como se determinó los niveles de citocinas y marcadores de macrófagos por qRT-PCR (IL-2, IL-4,IL-6, IL- 10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23, IFN-, TGFβ, TNFα, Arg1, Retnlb e iNOS). Se realizaron tinciones de HyE para la determinación del daño tisular. Por otra parte, se realizaron tinciones de inmunohistoquímica para analizar las poblaciones celulares CD14+, CD206+, CD4+, CD8+, FOXP3+ y citocinas (IL-4, IL-10, IL-17 e IFN-) in situ. Resultados: Se determinó la presencia del virus de la influenza A en 10 muestras, de las cuales 4 fueron H1N1 (pdm)09. Además, se obtuvieron 5 muestras de neumonía por Coccidioides spp., y 6 de neumonías de origen bacteriano. No existe diferencia en el daño causado por el virus de la influenza A H1N1 (pdm)09 e influenza A estacional a nivel histopatológico. Las células CD14+ y CD4+ se encontraron aumentadas para todos los grupos de neumonías sin importar el agente etiológico, excepto CD4 para las neumonías bacterianas. Las células que expresaron Foxp3 solo se encontraron aumentadas en el grupo de coccidioidomicosis y neumonías bacterianas. No se encontró diferencia significativa entre los grupos de estudio para las células CD8+, excepto para las neumonías bacterianas. La expresión génica relativa de IL-6 se encontró aumentada 3000 veces la expresión génica en el grupo de influenza pandémica A H1N1 (pdm)09, mientras en influenza estacional se encontró una disminución de 0.08 veces de su expresión. INOS se encontró con expresión disminuida 0.5 veces para los grupos de influenza pandémica, influenza estacional y coccidioidomicosis. La expresión génica de IL-10 se encontró solamente para el grupo de influenza A H1N1 (pdm)09 (P=0.01). Resistin Like Beta se encontró con expresión disminuida solo para el grupo de influenza A H1N1 (pdm)09. Existe un aumento de células positivas para IL4 en todos los grupos, excepto neumonías bacterianas. No se encontró diferencia significativa de células positivas para IL-10 en los grupos de estudio. Existe un aumento de células positivas para IL-17 en influenza A H1N1p/2009, influenza A y neumonías bacterianas. IFN se encontró aumentado en los grupos de neumonía comparados con el control. Conclusiones: Ambos grupos de neumonías por influenza A se caracterizan por daño tisular y un exacerbado ambiente inflamatorio; solamente CD206 es capaz de diferenciar entre influenza A H1N1(pdm)09 e influenza estacional

Estudo da doença de inverno em dourada (Sparus aurata L.) de cultivo a sul de Portugal

Dissertação de mest. em Aquacultura, Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Univ. do Algarve, 2003

Impacto da utilização de ácido gálhico, ácido ferúlico e eugenol em modo contínuo na suscetibilidade de Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Dissertação de Mestrado, Biologia Molecular e Microbiana, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

Screening natural resources for mineralogenic and osteogenic bioactivities using in vitro and in vivo fish systems

Dissertação de Mestrado, Biologia Marinha, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

Biological and chemical strategies for the recovery of precious and rare metals as nanoparticles

Tese de Doutoramento, Ciências do Mar da Terra e do Ambiente, Ramo: Ciências e Tecnologias do Ambiente, Especialidade em Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

Faecal bacteria in Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mollusca: Bivalvia) for biomonitoring coastal waters and seafood quality

O desenvolvimento urbano em áreas costeiras é intenso e o aumento das descargas de esgoto é uma das conseqüências. Assim, leis específicas que regulem limites para a contaminação microbiológica das águas e de alimentos de origem marinha são necessárias. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a utilização de Enterococos e coliformes termotolerantes na carne de mexilhões Perna perna como alternativa para o monitoramento da qualidade microbiológica de águas costeiras. O estudo também considera relações alométricas aplicadas às taxas de clearance para entender a concentração de bactérias pelo molusco. As densidades bacterianas obtidas no molusco foram de 50 a 4300 vezes maiores do que nas amostras de água coletadas próximas dos moluscos e alguns foram considerados impróprios para consumo, mesmo quando as águas não mostraram restrições. A taxa de clearance média obtida para retenção de Enterococos foi 317.7 ml h-1 e essas taxas (CR) puderam ser relacionadas com o tamanho dos mexilhões (L) pela equação CR = 28.3229L1.6421. Os resultados mostram que as densidades bacterianas nos tecidos dos mexilhões podem refletir a contaminação crônica do ambiente e que as taxas de clearance devem ser consideradas para a tomada de decisão em situações onde, por exemplo, se deseja implantar mexilhões para cultivo.

Potencial biotecnológico de bactérias endofíticas de milho.

Bactérias endofíticas são microrganismos que habitam o interior dos tecidos vegetais e são conhecidas promotoras do crescimento de plantas, favorecendo sua nutrição, pela solubilização de fosfatos, além de produzirem fito-hormônio, enzimas e sideróforos, apresentando potencial para uso como bioinoculantes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar e caracterizar bactérias endofíticas de milho eficientes na solubilização de fosfatos de cálcio e de ferro e na produção de sideróforos, substâncias que atuam na captação de ferro.Para o isolamento das bactérias, foram coletadas plantas de milho no florescimento em área de cerrado, sendo estas posteriormente desinfestadas e maceradas para o isolamento dos endófitos. Foram isoladas 113 bactérias provenientes de raízes (54,9%), folhas (20,4%) e seiva de milho (24,8%). Dessas bactérias, 49 foram caracterizadas geneticamente com base na sequência do 16S rDNA e avaliadas quanto à capacidade de solubilização de fosfatos em meio de cultura líquido contendo fosfato de cálcio e de ferro e produção de sideróforos. Os isolados mais eficientes na solubilização de fosfato de cálcio e fosfato de ferro produziram entre 179,4 a 193,7 mgP. L-1 e 62,7 a 68,7 mg P. L-1, respectivamente. Foi observada uma correlação negativa de -0,58 e -0,48 entre a solubilização de fósforo nos dois fosfatos testados, P-Ca e P-Fe, e os valores de pH, respectivamente, indicando a produção de ácidos orgânicos como o principal mecanismo de solubilização de P. O sideróforo produzido por 69% dos microrganismos avaliados foi do tipo carboxilato. As bactérias endofíticas eficientes na solubilização de P foram identificadas principalmente como pertencentes ao gênero Bacillus e Pantoea. Foi possível concluir que as estirpes bacterianas provenientes do microbioma interno de milho cultivado em solo de cerrado possuem características promissoras de biossolubilização de fosfatos e promoção de crescimento de plantas, sendo possível neste estudo a seleção de seis isolados do gênero Bacillus para futuros testes de inoculação em plantas.

Avaliação da biodegradabilidade de petróleo utilizando microrganismos isolados do estuário do Rio Potengi (RN)

The oil activity in the Rio Grande do Norte State (RN) is a permanent threat to coastal ecosystems, particularly mangroves, with the possibility of oil spills. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential resistance of the mangrove environment of a possible spill. Were selected and isolated microorganisms degrading oil by the technique of enrichment cultures and formation of a bacterial consortium. The kinetic study of the consortium was held in rotary incubator shaken at 150 rpm and 30° C. Samples were taken at intervals of 4 hours for analysis of cell concentration and surface tension. The biodegradation was monitored using two methods of respirometry: manometric (OxiTop-C ®) and conductivimetry, where the biodegradation of oil was estimated indirectly by oxygen consumption and CO2 production, respectively. Furthermore, it was used a full 2² factorial design with triplicate at central point to the runs that used the conductivimetric methodology.. The technique of enrichment cultures allowed to obtain thirteen bacterial strains. Kinetic study of the consortium, we can showed the absence of the lag phase, reaching a maximum cell concentration of 2.55 g / L at 16 h of cultivation and a reduction on surface tension. When we adopted the methodology of OxiTop-C was detected a band indicating biodegradability (1% oil v/v), however when we used the conductivimetry methodology did not observe any band that would indicate effective biodegradation. By monitoring a process of biodegradation is necessary to observe the methodology will be adopted to evaluate the biodegradation process, since for the same conditions adopted different methodologies can produce different results. The oil-degrading isolates from soils of the mangrove estuary Potengi / RN are largely to be used in bioremediation strategies of these places, in the case of a possible oil spill, or it can be used in the treatment of waste oil generated in saline environments, since they are optimized the conditions of the tests so that the efficiency of biodegradation reach the minimum level suggested by the standarts

Porphyromonas gingivalis Fim-A genotype distribution among Colombians

Introduction: Porphyromonas gingivalis is associated with periodontitis and exhibit a wide array of virulence factors, including fimbriae which is encoded by the FimA gene representing six known genotypes. Objetive: To identify FimA genotypes of P. gingivalis in subjects from Cali-Colombia, including the co-infection with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans , Treponema denticola , and Tannerella forsythia . Methods: Subgingival samples were collected from 151 people exhibiting diverse periodontal condition. The occurrence of P. gingivalis, FimA genotypes and other bacteria was determined by PCR. Results: Porphyromonas gingivalis was positive in 85 patients. Genotype FimA II was more prevalent without reach significant differences among study groups (54.3%), FimA IV was also prevalent in gingivitis (13.0%). A high correlation (p= 0.000) was found among P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia co-infection. The FimA II genotype correlated with concomitant detection of T. denticola and T. forsythia. Conclusions: Porphyromonas gingivalis was high even in the healthy group at the study population. A trend toward a greater frequency of FimA II genotype in patients with moderate and severe periodontitis was determined. The FimA II genotype was also associated with increased pocket depth, greater loss of attachment level, and patients co-infected with T. denticola and T. forsythia.

Relationship between super antigenicity, antimicrobial resistance and origin of Staphylococcus aureus isolated

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen that causes food poisoning as well as hospital and community acquired infections. Objective: Establish the profile of superantigen genes among hospital isolates in relation to clinical specimen type, susceptibility to antibiotics and hospital or community acquisition. Methods: Eighty one isolates obtained from patients at Colombian hospital, were classified by antimicrobial susceptibility, specimen type and hospital or community acquired . The PCR uniplex and multiplex was used for detection of 22 superantigen genes (18 enterotoxins, tsst-1 and three exfoliative toxins). Results: Ninety five point one percent of isolates harbored one or more of the genes with an average of 5.6 genes. Prevalence of individual genes was variable and the most prevalent was seg (51.9%). Thirty nine genotypes were obtained, and the genotype gimnou (complete egc cluster) was the most prevalent alone (16.0%) and in association with other genes (13.6%). The correlation between presence of superantigens and clinical specimen or antimicrobial susceptibility showed no significant difference. But there was significant difference between presence of superantigens and the origin of the isolates, hospital or community acquired (p= 0.049). Conclusions: The results show the variability of the superantigen genes profile in hospital isolates and shows no conclusive relationship with the clinical sample type and antimicrobial susceptibility, but there was correlation with community and hospital isolates. The analysis of the interplay between virulence, epidemic and antibiotic resistance of bacterial populations is needed to predict the future of infectious diseases.

Avaliação da espécie vegetal Croton cajucara Benth como inibidor de biocorrosão em aço carbono Aisi 1020

Actually in the oil industry biotechnological approaches represent a challenge. In that, attention to metal structures affected by electrochemical corrosive processes, as well as by the interference of microorganisms (biocorrosion) which affect the kinetics of the environment / metal interface. Regarding to economical and environmental impacts reduction let to the use of natural products as an alternative to toxic synthetic inhibitors. This study aims the employment of green chemistry by evaluating the stem bark extracts (EHC, hydroalcoholic extract) and leaves (ECF, chloroform extract) of plant species Croton cajucara Benth as a corrosion inhibitor. In addition the effectiveness of corrosion inhibition of bioactive trans-clerodane dehydrocrotonin (DCTN) isolated from the stem bark of this Croton was also evaluated. For this purpose, carbon steel AISI 1020 was immersed in saline media (3,5 % NaCl) in the presence and absence of a microorganism recovered from a pipeline oil sample. Corrosion inhibition efficiency and its mechanisms were investigated by linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance. Culture-dependent and molecular biology techniques were used to characterize and identify bacterial species present in oil samples. The tested natural products EHC, ECF and DCTN (DMSO as solvent) in abiotic environment presented respectively, corrosion inhibition efficiencies of 57.6% (500 ppm), 86.1% (500 ppm) and 54.5% (62.5 ppm). Adsorption phenomena showed that EHC best fit Frumkin isotherm and ECF to Temkin isotherm. EHC extract (250 ppm) dissolved in a polar microemulsion system (MES-EHC) showed significant maximum inhibition efficiency (93.8%) fitting Langmuir isotherm. In the presence of the isolated Pseudomonas sp, EHC and ECF were able to form eco-compatible organic films with anti-corrosive properties

Ocorrência da infecção por Toxoplasma gondii e avaliação da imunização em caprinos do sertão do cabugi, Rio Grande do Norte

Toxoplasmosis is one zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii protozoan. Goats, amongst the production animals, are one of the species most susceptible to this parasite, being one them main involved agents in ovine and goat abortions, determining great economic losses and implications for public health, since the presence it parasite in the products of goat origin, consist in one of the main sources of infection for the man. In this study 244 blood samples in 8 farms situated in 4 cities from the Sertão do Cabugi region, Rio Grande do Norte State, northeast of Brazil and, tested by ELISA assay. The results had shown a prevalence of 47.13% for anti- T. gondii antibodies and a significant association between positivity and variable evaluated as age, locality and property. The IgG avidity assay evaluated in 115 positive samples was carried to discriminate acute and chronic infection. Twelve samples (10.4%) had presented antibodies of low avidity while 103 (89.6%) presented high avidity antibodies; indicating that most of the animals was precocious exposure to the parasite. Significant difference was verified only for the variable sex. We also evaluate the capacity of recombinant adenoviruses codifying SAG1, SAG2, SAG3 and CMV in inducing activation of specific immune response in goat. These 109 animals received 109 pfu of the AdSAG1, AdSAG2, AdSAG3, AdCMV or PBS in vaccine protocol with 3 immunizations. Serum samples of the each animal, before and after mmunization, had been submitted to the ELISA. The results demonstrate that the immunizations had induced the production of IgG antibodies specific against T. gondii proteins