O acesso e a qualidade do ensino primário público em Angola (2002-2012) : estudo de caso das províncias de Benguela, Huambo, Bié e Moxico

Doutoramento em Estudos de Desenvolvimento

RACISM IN DIGITAL ERA: DEVELOPMENT AND INITIAL VALIDATION OF THE PERCEIVED ONLINE RACISM SCALE (PORS V1.0)

Racism continues to thrive on the Internet. Yet, little is known about racism in online settings and the potential consequences. The purpose of this study was to develop the Perceived Online Racism Scale (PORS), the first measure to assess people’s perceived online racism experiences as they interact with others and consume information on the Internet. Items were developed through a multi-stage process based on literature review, focus-groups, and qualitative data collection. Based on a racially diverse large-scale sample (N = 1023), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses provided support for a 30-item bifactor model with the following three factors: (a) 14-item PORS-IP (personal experiences of racism in online interactions), (b) 5-item PORS-V (observations of other racial/ethnic minorities being offended), and (c) 11-item PORS-I (consumption of online contents and information denigrating racial/ethnic minorities and highlighting racial injustice in society). Initial construct validity examinations suggest that PORS is significantly linked to psychological distress.

Avaliação Pós-Ocupação da iluminação natural das salas dos setores de aulas teóricas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

The objective of this study is to assess the natural light of the classrooms sectors, at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. It was applied the Post-Occupation Evaluation technique, by using questionnaires and brightness levels measurements inside the classrooms. In order to check the users satisfaction degree, it was initially done a general approach on the related aspects to natural light: their characteristics, availability, sources, opening systems and evaluating tools. It was also determined the necessary brightness levels for the activities development in the classroom and the Post-Occupation Evaluation technique used in the search analyses. Then, it was made the UFRN Campus` characterization; the models` definition which formed the data collection basis; the detailing of the procedures used in the research, the processing description and the data analysis. Subsequently, the results that clarify the issues raised were shown through quantitative and / or qualitative data analyses. This research notes a high level of satisfaction by the users, despite some problems such as the reflections occurrence on the board, the lack of uniformity and, occasionally, the brightness low levels

An interaction and network perspective of horizontal relationships in the portuguese pharmaceutical industry

Doutoramento em Gestão

Comparing the performance of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L in young Portuguese adults

Background Some studies have reported a ceiling effect in EQ-5D-3L, especially in healthy and/or young individuals. Recently, two further levels have been included in its measurement model (EQ-5D-5L). The purposes of this study were (1) to assess the properties of the EQ-5D-5L in comparison with the standard EQ-5D-3L in a sample of young adults, (2) to foreground the importance of collecting qualitative data to confirm, validate or refine the EQ-5D questionnaire items and (3) to raise questions pertaining to the wording in these questionnaire items. Methods The data used came from a sample of respondents aged 30 or under (n = 624). They completed both versions of the EQ-5D, which were compared in terms of feasibility, level of inconsistency and ceiling effect. Agreement between the instruments was assessed using correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots. Known-groups validity of the EQ-5D-5L was also assessed using non-parametric tests. The discriminative properties were compared using receiver operating characteristic curves. Finally, four interviews were conducted for retrospective reports to elicit respondents’ understanding and perceptions of the format, instructions, items, and responses. Results Quantitative results show a ceiling effect reduction of 25.3 % and a high level agreement between both indices. Known-groups validity was confirmed for the EQ-5D-5L. Explorative interviews indicated ambiguity and low degree of certainty in regards to conceptualizing differences between levels moderate-slight across three dimensions. Conclusions The EQ-5D-5L performed better than the EQ-5D-3L. However, the explorative interviews demonstrated several limitations in the EQ-5D questionnaire wording and high context-dependent answers point to lack of illnesses’ experience amongst young adults.

A participação de Portugal no Teatro de Operações Kosovo : O caso do 1º Batalhão de Infantaria Mecanizado

O Teatro de Operações Kosovo localiza-se numa região caraterizada por séculos de confluência de rotas comerciais, culturas, etnias e religiões distintas e que, por essa e outras razões tem sido assolada por inúmeros conflitos. Numa fase pós Guerra Fria, as forças internacionais, dada a escalada da violência, intervieram neste cenário integrando também forças portuguesas, entre as quais e por diversas vezes, o 1º Batalhão de Infantaria Mecanizado. Desde o início desta intervenção, desde os finais da década de noventa, até à atualidade, o teatro de operações referido experimentou diversas alterações de cariz social, politico e étnico que se traduziram por vezes em conflitos e fenómenos violentos. Dada a intervenção portuguesa num ambiente de conflitualidade volátil e em permanente mutação, inserida no âmbito das Missões de Apoio à Paz, o trabalho de investigação desenvolvido assume como objetivo descrever as alterações ao nível do emprego do 1º Batalhão de Infantaria Mecanizado, para fazer face à tipologia Kosovo do período pós Guerra Fria (2000-2014). Pretende-se que estas alterações sejam compreendidas e interpretadas através da implementação de um modelo de análise baseado nos fatores de decisão militares1, que sistematiza e organiza informação constante em documentos resultantes de cada um dos empenhamentos abordados, bem como no depoimento de militares presentes nesses mesmos contextos, no período abordado. No que a este último aspeto concerne, a aplicação do método indutivo usando como instrumento de opção metodológica o Estudo de Caso, permite a recolha de dados qualitativos resultantes das respostas obtidas nas entrevistas semiestruturadas, a militares presentes no Kosovo no período compreendido entre 2000 e 2014. Após toda a investigação realizada, parecem ganhar evidência alterações ao nível do emprego do 1º Batalhão de Infantaria Mecanizado no TO Kosovo, evidências essas materializadas nos fatores Missão, Ameaça, Tarefas, Viaturas, Efetivo e Orgânica, como consequência quer das restruturações efetuadas da Kosovo Force (KFOR), quer das oscilações de conflitualidade inerentes ao próprio teatro, que, ao longo do lapso de tempo estudado, atravessou períodos de menor e maior estabilidade.

Uso de plantas medicinales según la cosmovisión en andina,por parte de los hombre y mujeres de sabiduría, en la parroquia El Valle, Cuenca, 2015

Antecedentes: la medicina andina se aplica desde hace muchos siglos en nuestro territorio, ha sido heredada de generación a generación en las comunidades indígenas; este conocimiento ancestral es menospreciado ya sea por desconocimiento o por falta de interés; y no es suficientemente estudiado en el sistema de la medicina occidental. Objetivo: conocer el uso de plantas medicinales en la comunidad de El Valle por parte de hombres y mujeres de sabiduría ancestral, según la cosmovisión andina. Materiales y métodos: el presente es un estudio cualitativo de orden narrativo, para determinar el uso de las plantas medicinales aplicadas en la parroquia de El Valle, cantón Cuenca, mediante el análisis de entrevistas a hombres y mujeres de sabiduría ancestral, con cuestionarios previamente realizados; luego se procesaron y analizaron en el software para datos cualitativos Atlas ti, y finalmente se construye una memoria en relatos y diagramas. Resultados: las plantas medicinales más utilizadas son el altamiso, la ruda, agua de sauco, la zarzaparrilla, el eucalipto; se utilizan como infusión, en maceración y baños. Las enfermedades que tratan son occidentales y tradicionales, dentro de las primeras están estrés, diarrea y patologías del aparato respiratorias, las patologías tradicionales son, el mal de ojo, mal de aire y el espanto

Avaliação dos principais programas de boas práticas agropecuárias implantados no Brasil para promover a sustentabilidade da cadeia leiteira

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, 2016.

Análise do Programa Melhor em Casa : um olhar sobre a atenção domiciliar no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS)

Mestrado (dissertação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, 2016.

Perspective d'étudiantes infirmières de leur environnement d'apprentissage de la pratique en contexte de diversité culturelle lors d'une immersion clinique à l'international

Il existe une grande diversité dans les programmes de formation en sciences infirmières concernant l’organisation de stages d’immersion clinique à l’international et le soutien offert aux étudiantes (Kokko, 2011). Cette étude de cas qualitative explore, selon la perspective d’étudiantes infirmières, les éléments de l’environnement d’apprentissage de la pratique en contexte de diversité culturelle dans le cadre d’une immersion clinique à l’international. Le modèle constructiviste de développement de la compétence culturelle de Blanchet Garneau (2013 ; Blanchet Garneau et Pepin, 2015a) a servi de cadre de référence à cette étude. Dix étudiantes ayant participé à l’immersion clinique ont pris part à une entrevue individuelle en profondeur. Suite à une analyse qualitative thématique des données inspirée de Miles, Huberman et Saldana (2014), trois thèmes inter reliés ressortent : accompagnement par de multiples collaborations, trouver sa place dans le milieu d’accueil et écart entre les attentes des étudiantes et l’expérience vécue. Ces thèmes permettent de comprendre l’environnement d’apprentissage des étudiantes dans le développement de leur compétence culturelle, notamment leur capacité de s’ouvrir aux différentes réalités en contexte de diversité culturelle. Puisque peu d’écrits abordent spécifiquement les éléments de l’environnement d’apprentissage liés à la capacité de s’ouvrir aux différentes réalités de la pratique en contexte de diversité culturelle à l’étranger, cette étude contribue à l’approfondissement des éléments de l’environnement d’apprentissage présenté dans le modèle de Blanchet Garneau (2013 ; Blanchet Garneau et Pepin, 2015) et constitue un ajout aux connaissances actuelles liées au développement de la compétence culturelle.

INCORPORATING STIMULATING QUICK-WRITE PROMPTS WITHIN A SECONDARY SCIENCE CLASSROOM: A CASE STUDY IN LESOTHO

The use of intriguing open-ended quick-write prompts within the Basotho science classroom could potentially provide a way for secondary teachers in Lesotho to have a time-efficient alternative to stimulate student thinking and increase critical thinking or application of scientific principles. Writing can be used as a powerful means to improve the achievement of students across many subject areas, including the sciences (Moore, 1993; Rivard, 1994; Rillero, Zambo, Cleland, and Ryan, 1996; Greenstein, 2013). This study focuses on the use of a non-traditional nor extensively studied writing method that could potentially support learning in science. A quasi-experimental research design, with a control and experimental group, was applied. The study was conducted at two schools, with one experimental classroom in one school and a second control group classroom in the second school for a period of 4 weeks. 51 Form B (US Grade 9 equivalent) students participated as the experimental group and 43 Form B students as the control group. In an effort to assess learning achievement, a 1 hour (35 mark) pre-test evaluation was made by and given to students by Basotho teachers at the beginning of this study to have an idea of student’s previous knowledge. Topics covered were Static Electricity, Current Electricity, Electromagnetic Waves, and Chemistry of Water. After the experimental trial period, an almost completely identical post-test evaluation was given to students in the same fashion to observe and compare gains in achievement. Test data was analyzed using an inferential statistics procedure that compared means and gains in knowledge made by the experimental and control groups. Difference between the gains of mean pre-test and post-test scores were statistically significant within each group, but were not statistically significant when the control and experimental groups were compared. Therefore, there was no clear practical effect. Qualitative data from teachers’ journals and students’ written feedback provides insight on the assessments, incorporation of the teaching method, and the development of participating students. Both mid and post-study student feedback shows that students had an overall positive and beneficial experience participating in this activity. Assessments and teacher journals showed areas of strength and weaknesses in student learning and on differences in teaching styles. They also helped support some feedback claims made by students. Areas of further research and improvement of the incorporation of this teaching method in the Basotho secondary science classroom are explored.

An interprofessional approach to improving paediatric medication safety

Safe drug prescribing and administration are essential elements within undergraduate healthcare curricula, but medication errors, especially in paediatric practice, continue to compromise patient safety. In this area of clinical care, collective responsibility, team working and communication between health professionals have been identified as key elements in safe clinical practice. To date, there is limited research evidence as to how best to deliver teaching and learning of these competencies to practitioners of the future.An interprofessional workshop to facilitate learning of knowledge, core competencies, communication and team working skills in paediatric drug prescribing and administration at undergraduate level was developed and evaluated. The practical, ward-based workshop was delivered to 4th year medical and 3rd year nursing students and evaluated using a pre and post workshop questionnaire with open-ended response questions.Following the workshop, students reported an increase in their knowledge and awareness of paediatric medication safety and the causes of medication errors (p < 0.001), with the greatest increase noted among medical students. Highly significant changes in students' attitudes to shared learning were observed, indicating that safe medication practice is learnt more effectively with students from other healthcare disciplines. Qualitative data revealed that students' participation in the workshop improved communication and teamworking skills, and led to greater awareness of the role of other healthcare professionals.This study has helped bridge the knowledge-skills gap, demonstrating how an interprofessional approach to drug prescribing and administration has the potential to improve quality and safety within healthcare.

Not Getting By: Poverty Management and Homelessness in Miami

Urban inequality has emerged as one of the dominant themes of modern life and globalization. More than three million people experienced homelessness in the United States last year; in Miami-Dade, more than 15,000 individuals were homeless. Surviving extreme poverty, and exiting or avoiding homelessness, involves negotiating a complex mix of public and private assistance. However, a range of factors influence what types of help are available and how they can be accessed. Frequently, larger social structures determine which resource are available, leaving many choices entirely out of the individual’s control. For single men, who are ineligible for many benefits, homelessness can be difficult to avoid and even harder to exit. My study seeks to better understand how adult, minority men living in extreme poverty in Miami-Dade negotiate their daily survival. Specific research questions address: Do black and Hispanic men who are homeless or at risk of homelessness have different personal characteristics and different experiences in avoiding or exiting homelessness? How does Miami’s response to extreme poverty/homelessness, including availability of public benefits and public and private service organizations, either maximize or constrain the choices available to this population? And, what is the actual experience of single, adult men who are homeless or at risk of homelessness, in negotiating their daily survival? A mixed methods approach combines quantitative survey data from 7,605 homeless men, with qualitative data from 54 semi-structured interviews incorporating the visual ethnography techniques of Photo Elicitation Interviewing. Results show the differences experienced by black and Hispanic men who are poor and homeless in Miami. Findings also highlight how the community’s official and unofficial responses to homelessness intersect with the actual experiences of the persons targeted by the policies and programs, challenging preconceived notions regarding the lives of persons living in extreme poverty. It adds to the existing body of literature by focusing on the urban Miami context, emphasizing disparities amongst racial and ethnic groups. Findings are intended to provide an empirically grounded thesis that humanizes the subjects and illuminates their personal experiences, helping to inform public policy around the needs of extremely poor populations.

Investigating the effects of cognitive apprenticeship-based instructional coaching on science teaching efficacy beliefs

The overall purpose of this collected papers dissertation was to examine the utility of a cognitive apprenticeship-based instructional coaching (CAIC) model for improving the science teaching efficacy beliefs (STEB) of preservice and inservice elementary teachers. Many of these teachers perceive science as a difficult subject and feel inadequately prepared to teach it. However, teacher efficacy beliefs have been noted as the strongest indicator of teacher quality, the variable most highly correlated with student achievement outcomes. The literature is scarce on strong, evidence-based theoretical models for improving STEB.^ This dissertation is comprised of two studies. STUDY #1 was a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study investigating the impact of a reformed CAIC elementary science methods course on the STEB of 26 preservice teachers. Data were collected using the Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument (STEBI-B) and from six post-course interviews. A statistically significant increase in STEB was observed in the quantitative strand. The qualitative data suggested that the preservice teachers perceived all of the CAIC methods as influential, but the significance of each method depended on their unique needs and abilities. ^ STUDY #2 was a participatory action research case study exploring the utility of a CAIC professional development program for improving the STEB of five Bahamian inservice teachers and their competency in implementing an inquiry-based curriculum. Data were collected from pre- and post-interviews and two focus group interviews. Overall, the inservice teachers perceived the intervention as highly effective. The scaffolding and coaching were the CAIC methods portrayed as most influential in developing their STEB, highlighting the importance of interpersonal relationship aspects in successful instructional coaching programs. The teachers also described the CAIC approach as integral in supporting their learning to implement the new inquiry-based curriculum. ^ The overall findings hold important implications for science education reform, including its potential to influence how preservice teacher training and inservice teacher professional development in science are perceived and implemented. Additionally, given the noteworthy results obtained over the relatively short durations, CAIC interventions may also provide an effective means of achieving improvements in preservice and inservice teachers’ STEB more expeditiously than traditional approaches.^

Selection and Passage of County Land Preservation Voter Referendum: The Role of Government

County jurisdictions in America are increasingly exercising self-government in the provision of public community services through the context of second order federalism. In states exercising this form of contemporary governance, county governments with “reformed” policy-making structures and professional management practices, have begun to rival or surpass municipalities in the delivery of local services with regional implications such as environmental protection (Benton 2002, 2003; Marando and Reeves, 1993). The voter referendum, a form of direct democracy, is an important component of county land preservation and environmental protection governmental policies. The recent growth and success of land preservation voter referendums nationwide reflects an increase in citizen participation in government and their desire to protect vacant land and its natural environment from threats of over-development, urbanization and sprawl, loss of open space and farmland, deterioration of ecosystems, and inadequate park and recreational amenities. The study’s design employs a sequential, mixed method. First, a quantitative approach employs the Heckman two-step model. It is fitted with variables for the non-random sample of 227 voter referendum counties and all non-voter referendum counties in the U.S. from 1988 to 2009. Second, the qualitative data collected from the in-depth investigation of three South Florida county case studies with twelve public administrator interviews is transformed for integration with the quantitative findings. The purpose of the qualitative method is to complement, explain and enrich the statistical analysis of county demographic, socio-economic, terrain, regional, governance and government, political preference, environmentalism, and referendum-specific factors. The research finds that government factors are significant in terms of the success of land preservation voter referendums; more specifically, the presence of self-government authority (home rule charter), a reformed structure (county administrator/manager or elected executive), and environmental interest groups. In addition, this study concludes that successful counties are often located coastal, exhibit population and housing growth, and have older and more educated citizens who vote democratic in presidential elections. The analysis of case study documents and public administrator interviews finds that pragmatic considerations of timing, local politics and networking of regional stakeholders are also important features of success. Further research is suggested utilizing additional public participation, local government and public administration factors.