Relationship satisfaction moderates the associations between male partner responses and depression in women with vulvodynia : a dyadic daily experience study.

This article may not exactly replicate the final version published in the journal. It is not the copy of record. / Cet article ne constitue pas la version officielle, et peut différer de la version publiée dans la revue.

Gender, Authorship and Male Domination : Mary Shelley’s Limited Freedom in "Frankenstein" and "The Last Man"

Ever since Ellen Moer's "Literary Women" (1976), "Frankenstein" has been recognized as a novel in which issues about authorship are intimately bound up with those of gender. The work has frequently been related to the circumstance of Shelley's combining the biological role of mother with the social role of author. [...]

Studies on the reproductive physiology of lazes calcarifer (BLOCH)

At present, there is paucity of information regarding the breeding biology, especially from southeastern region, which differs in its climatic features from northeastern coastal areas, where some attempts have been made to study the biology of the fish, though not documented in detail (Jhingran and Natarajan, I969; Patnaik and Jena, 1976; Kowtal, 1977; Roy e_t _a_l_., I977). The present work, first to undertake detailed investigation into reproductive aspects of the fish from India is not only confined to biology, but extend to the study on histological as well as physiological changes in the processes associated with natural reproductive cycle. The main objective of the study is to develop a background for the standardisation of subsequent artificial propagation techniques for the Sea Dass The thesis is presented in three chapters. The first chapter; general introduction, surveys the literature pertaining to the status of research on Lates calcarifer with specific reference to reproduction and acquaculture. The second chapter entitled, materials and methods gives description regarding collection of specimens as well as samples in addition to the various analytical methodologies employed during the study.

Eros and Thanatos in Ernest Hemingway's "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber" and Angela Carter's "Master"

According to Hemingway all good prose has the dignity and draught of an iceberg. This is especially true of Hemingway's short stories. "Francis Macomber" counts among the best composed short stories in English. Interpretation sways between Hemingway's idealisation of the male code and its deconstruction. Is the White Hunter a British scourge of American values or is Margot the tragic victim of a newly founded male friendship? Is the open ending rather a hunting accident or the mean murder of an unloved spouse? Hemingway gives hitherto uninterpreted clues by mentioning strategies of big game hunting and ballistics. Carter's magic story "Master"; deals with the regression of a White Hunter who has become 'his own negative'. An Englishman dissolves into the Amazonian jungle and is killed by his own victim. The story can be read as a macabre crime of sexuality and murder or as a dystopian warning of the future of mankind if we go on exploiting and destroying our planet.

Uncover the Concealed Link: Gender & Ethnicity-Divided Local Knowledge on the Agro-Ecosystem of a Forest Margin

This research is a study about knowledge interface that aims to analyse knowledge discontinuities, the dynamic and emergent characters of struggles and interactions within gender system and ethnicity differences. The cacao boom phenomenon in Central Sulawesi is the main context for a changing of social relations of production, especially when the mode of production has shifted or is still underway from subsistence to petty commodity production. This agrarian change is not only about a change of relationship and practice, but, as my previous research has shown, also about the shift of knowledge domination, because knowledge construes social practice in a dialectical process. Agroecological knowledge is accumulated through interaction, practice and experience. At the same time the knowledge gained from new practices and experiences changes mode of interaction, so such processes provide the arena where an interface of knowledge is manifested. In the process of agro-ecological knowledge interface, gender and ethnic group interactions materialise in the decision-making of production and resource allocation at the household and community level. At this point, power/knowledge is interplayed to gain authority in decision-making. When authority dominates, power encounters resistance, whereas the dominant power and its resistance are aimed to ensure socio-economic security. Eventually, the process of struggle can be identified through the pattern of resource utilisation as a realisation of production decision-making. Such processes are varied from one community to another, and therefore, it shows uniqueness and commonalities, especially when it is placed in a context of shifting mode of production. The focus is placed on actors: men and women in their institutional and cultural setting, including the role of development agents. The inquiry is informed by 4 major questions: 1) How do women and men acquire, disseminate, and utilise their agro ecological knowledge, specifically in rice farming as a subsistence commodity, as well as in cacao farming as a petty commodity? How and why do such mechanisms construct different knowledge domains between two genders? How does the knowledge mechanism apply in different ethnics? What are the implications for gender and ethnicity based relation of production? ; 2) Using the concept of valued knowledge in a shifting mode of production context: is there any knowledge that dominates others? How does the process of domination occur and why? Is there any form of struggle, strategies, negotiation, and compromise over this domination? How do these processes take place at a household as well as community level? How does it relate to production decision-making? ; 3) Putting the previous questions in two communities with a different point of arrival on a path of agricultural commercialisation, how do the processes of struggle vary? What are the bases of the commonalities and peculiarities in both communities?; 4) How the decisions of production affect rice field - cacao plantation - forest utilisation in the two villages? How does that triangle of resource use reflect the constellation of local knowledge in those two communities? What is the implication of this knowledge constellation for the cacao-rice-forest agroecosystem in the forest margin area? Employing a qualitative approach as the main method of inquiry, indepth and dialogic interviews, participant observer role, and document review are used to gather information. A small survey and children’s writing competition are supplementary to this data collection method. The later two methods are aimed to give wider information on household decision making and perception toward the forest. It was found that local knowledge, particularly knowledge pertaining to rice-forest-cacao agroecology is divided according to gender and ethnicity. This constellation places a process of decision-making as ‘the arena of interface’ between feminine and masculine knowledge, as well as between dominant and less dominant ethnic groups. Transition from subsistence to a commercial mode of production is a context that frames a process where knowledge about cacao commodity is valued higher than rice. Market mechanism, as an external power, defines valued knowledge. Valued knowledge defines the dominant knowledge holder, and decision. Therefore, cacao cultivation becomes a dominant practice. Its existence sacrifices the presence of rice field and the forest. Knowledge about rice production and forest ecosystem exist, but is less valued. So it is unable to challenge the domination of cacao. Various forms of struggles - within gender an ethnicity context - to resist cacao domination are an expression of unequal knowledge possession. Knowledge inequality implies to unequal access to withdraw benefit from market valued crop. When unequal knowledge fails to construct a negotiated field or struggles fail to reveal ‘marginal’ decision, e.g. intensification instead of cacao expansion to the forest, interface only produces divergence. Gender and ethnicity divided knowledge is unabridged, since negotiation is unable to produce new knowledge that accommodates both interests. Rice is loaded by ecological interest to conserve the forest, while cacao is driven by economic interest to increase welfare status. The implication of this unmediated dominant knowledge of cacao production is the construction of access; access to the forest, mainly to withdraw its economic benefit by eliminating its ecological benefit. Then, access to cacao as the social relationship of production to acquire cacao knowledge; lastly, access to defend sustainable benefit from cacao by expansion. ‘Socio-economic Security’ is defined by Access. The convergence of rice and cacao knowledge, however, should be made possible across gender and ethnicity, not only for the sake of forest conservation as the insurance of ecological security, but also for community’s socio-economic security. The convergence might be found in a range of alternative ways to conduct cacao sustainable production, from agroforestry system to intensification.

Political Education in Plural Societies: Using the Anti-Bias Approach to Challenge Oppression in Bombay and Berlin

This study addresses the effectivity of the Anti-Bias approach and training methodology as a pedagogical political strategy to challenge oppression among student groups in the cities of Bombay and Berlin. The Anti-Bias trainings conducted within the framework of this study also become the medium through which the perpetuation of oppressive structures by students within and outside the school is investigated. Empirical data from predominantly qualitative investigations in four secondary schools, two each in Bombay and Berlin, is studied and analysed on the basis of theoretical understandings of prejudice, discrimination and identity. This study builds on insights offered by previous research on prejudices and evaluations of anti-bias and diversity interventions, where the lack of sufficient research and thorough evaluations testing impact has been identified (Levy Paluck, 2006). The theoretical framework suggests that prejudices and discriminatory practices are learnt and performed by individuals over the years by way of pre-existing discourses, and that behaviour and practices can be unlearnt through a multi-step process. It proposes that the discursive practices of students contribute to the constitution of their viable selves and in the constitution of ‘others’. Drawing on this framework, the study demonstrates how student-subjects in Bombay and Berlin perpetuate oppressive discourses by performing their identities and performing identities onto ‘others’. Such performative constitution opens up the agency of the individual, disclosing the shifting and dynamic nature of identities. The Anti-Bias approach is posited as an alternative to oppressive discourses and a vehicle that encourages and assists the agency of individuals. The theoretical framework, which brings together a psychological approach to prejudice, a structural approach to discrimination and a poststructural approach to identity, facilitates the analysis of the perpetuation of dominant discourses by the students, as well as how they negotiate their way through familiar norms and discourses. Group discussions and interviews a year after the respective trainings serve to evaluate the agency of the students and the extent to which the training impacted on their perceptions, attitudes and behavioural practices. The study reveals the recurrence of the themes race, religion, gender and sexuality in the representational practices of the students groups in Berlin and Bombay. It demonstrates how students in this study not only perform, but also negotiate and resist oppressive structures. Of particular importance is the role of the school: When schools offer no spaces for discussion, debate and action on contemporary social issues, learning can neither be put into practice nor take on a positive, transformative form. In such cases, agency and resistance is limited and interventionist actions yield little. This study reports the potential of the Anti-Bias approach and training as a tool of political education and action in education. It demonstrates that a single training can initiate change but sustaining change requires long-term strategies and on-going actions. Taking a poststructural perspective, it makes concrete suggestions to adapt and alter the Anti-Bias approach and the implementation of Anti-Bias trainings.

Fracturas de tercio medio clavícula tratamiento quirúrgico versus tratamiento ortopédico en pacientes jóvenes Hospital Kennedy 2006-2009

Introducción: el tratamiento usual para fracturas del tercio medio de la clavícula es el ortopédico, sin embargo recientemente se ha propuesto que el tratamiento quirúrgico podría ser una mejor opción para los pacientes jóvenes laboralmente activos afectados por este tipo de fractura. Métodos: este es un estudio retrospectivo analítico de corte transversal comprendido en un periodo de cuatro años (2006-2009) en el servicio de Ortopedia del Hospital Kennedy E.S.E. Los desenlaces que se evaluaron fueron la función del hombro, el reintegro laboral, lesión neurológica y alteración cosmética. Resultados: en total se evaluaron 204 pacientes, de los cuales solo 103 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión (17 mujeres y 86 hombres), de los cuales 83 recibieron tratamiento ortopédico y 20 requirieron manejo quirúrgico con promedio de edades de 28.4 años manejados ortopédicamente y 30.4 años en tratamiento quirúrgico predominando el género masculino. Conclusión: para los pacientes con fractura de clavícula de tercio medio, sin importar el tipo de tratamiento al que fueron sometidos, el resultado desde el punto de vista funcional, lesión neurológica y reintegro laboral fueron similares con excepción de la alteración cosmética.

Música, mujeres, hombres y contradicciones : la construcción del género en la escena del Death Metal en Bogotá

A lo largo del texto pretendo mostrar un estudio de caso de cómo se puede entender el género de manera más sutil, al plantear que hay formas alternativas de ver la feminidad y cómo se construye una nueva forma de ser mujer a partir de elementos masculinos. Es por esto, que este trabajo muestra que existen variaciones en el género que se deben tener en cuenta. Siguiendo esta línea de trabajo, procederé en el primer apartado a revisar de qué manera se realizó la investigación, teniendo en cuenta las diferentes fases en las que se realizó y las técnicas utilizadas. A continuación, en la segunda parte del texto, haré una revisión del concepto de género, para poder explicar qué son la masculinidad y la feminidad, al igual que los espacios masculinos. En el tercera parte, veremos cómo es la escena del Death Metal en Bogotá, lo que servirá de introducción para hablar de cómo se construye el género en este espacio. En el cuarto y el quinto apartado realizaremos un análisis de cómo son los hombres y las mujeres en esta escena, respectivamente. Para realizar esta explicación tomaré en cuenta la literatura sobre género, al igual que los resultados encontrados a lo largo de la investigación, para así determinar cómo se comprende la feminidad en el Death Metal, explicando la manera en que las mujeres de la escena construyen una forma alternativa de ser mujer. Finalmente, retomaremos las ideas principales del texto para establecer que hay una forma particular en la que se construye el género en esta escena, encontrando que existen vías no tradicionales de pensarse como mujer.

Ética sexual y estética de la existencia en la antigua Grecia. Aproximaciones para una reflexión sobre la homosexualidad desde Michel Foucault

Esta tesis estudia el conjunto de valores que llevaron a que la relación erótica entre hombres se constituyera en el foco principal de reflexión en la ética sexual griega. También intenta responder cuál es la propuesta de Michel Foucault respecto a la experiencia de la homosexualidad hoy.

Sobre la noción de biopoder en el pensamiento de la Corte Constitucional colombiana: análisis de jurisprudencia sobre el derecho a la vida

Detrás de la expedición de derechos, más allá de ese ruido incesante creado por un aparato legal que defiende a la vida y la convierte en un derecho pueden ser halladas relaciones de poder precisas y espacios de regulación y control de los cuerpos y de las poblaciones. Este trabajo pretende observar en la labor de interpretación que lleva a cabo la Corte Constitucional colombiana sobre el derecho a la vida, el establecimiento de una lógica política, que es el biopoder, de acuerdo con los elementos que lo constituyen, tal y como fueron analizados por Michel Foucault. El estudio del biopoder permitirá dar cuenta de tecnologías políticas, técnicas y dispositivos que no solo están presentes en la dimensión biológica de la vida de los colombianos, sino en espacios sociales y éticos que adquieren importancia cuando la vida es cualificada por parte del saber legal. El discurso jurídico aquí juega un papel central pues vincula una vida que era considerada simplemente biológica con nuevos significados y valores como el de la dignidad, y crea, a su vez, formas de sujeción. Temas como el aborto, la eutanasia, la sexualidad, la autonomía de cada quien para decidir sobre su cuerpo, entre otros, dan cuenta de nuevos ámbitos donde se ejerce el biopoder, y que eran poco explorados antes de la Constitución de 1991. Se verá cómo, a partir del análisis de la línea jurisprudencial sobre el derecho a la vida, la Corte Constitucional genera este tipo de espacios y lleva a cabo una intervención sobre una vida que es constantemente cualificada y que es modificada a medida que evoluciona el pensamiento de este tribunal.

Análisis de los programas de la agencia española de cooperación internacional para el desarrollo dirigidos a las mujeres en la lucha contra el vih/sida en mozambique (2005-2010)

En este estudio de caso pretende dar respuesta a que factores vitalizan la cooperación Española en Mozambique a través del análisis de programas como el VITA, dirigidos específicamente al desarrollo y mejoramiento de la salud en el continente Africano. Este estudio de caso se centra en el investigación de los discursos de desarrollo que se fundamentan en las políticas internacionales de cooperación , basadas en la existencia de una enfermedad como el VIH que ha puesto en manifiesto la interacción entre la esfera biológica y social , social e individual entre el fenómeno existencial y cultural, lo que fundamenta su importancia y estudio. Se ha escogido esta herramienta de investigación social, en este estudio de caso, para abordar la forma en que funciona y opera la AECID en Mozambique a través de los programas con enfoque de género encaminados al problema del VIH. Se pretende dar a conocer el desarrollo en materia de la cooperación internacional de una organización tan importante como la AECID, cuyos proyectos gozan de una gran credibilidad en cuanto a la ejecución de sus acciones y que en general dichos proyectos se adecuan a las necesidades de la población, a los objetivos de desarrollo nacionales y a las prioridades de la cooperación española.

Privacidad e intimidad en las interacciones virtuales

El presente trabajo es una revisión de la literatura de investigación en Ciberpsicología centrada en las categorías de privacidad, intimidad, identidad y vulnerabilidad, y en la forma como estas se desarrollan en las redes sociales virtuales. Los principales hallazgos indicaron que son los jóvenes quienes dedican gran parte de su tiempo a interactuar en dichas redes, y a su vez, dado el manejo que les dan, tienen mayor exposición ante los posibles riesgos de estas, como el matoneo, las conductas auto lesivas, la explotación sexual y los trastornos de la alimentación. Se describen estos riesgos y se proponen posibles soluciones.

Teleconsultation in sexual and reproductive health for young adults through mobile devices: Experience in Colombia

Background: Sexual risk behaviors associated with poor information on sexuality have contributed to major public health problems in the area of sexual and reproductive health in teenagers and young adults in Colombia. Objective: To measure the perception of changes in sexual and reproductive risk behavior after the use of a teleconsultation service via mobile devices in a sample of young adults. Methods: A before and after observational study was designed, where a mobile application to inquire about sexual and reproductive health was developed. The perception of changes in sexual and reproductive health risk behaviors in a sample of young adults after the use of the application was measured using the validated survey “Family Health International (FHI) – Behavioral Surveillance Survey (BSS) – Survey for Adults between 15 to 40 Years”. Non-probabilistic convenience recruitment was undertaken through the study´s web page. Participants answered the survey online before and after the use of the mobile application for a six month period (intervention). For the inferential analysis, data was divided into three groups (dichotomous data, discrete quantitative data, and ordinal data), to compare the results of the questions between the first and the second survey. For all tests, a confidence interval of 95% was established. For dichotomous data, the Chi-squared test was used. For quantitative data, we used the Student’s t-test, and for ordinal data, the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test. Results: A total of 257 subjects were registered in the study and met the selection criteria. The pre-intervention survey was answered by 232 subjects, and 127 completely answered the post-intervention survey, of which 54.3% did not use the application, leaving an effective population of 58 subjects for analysis. 53% (n=31) were female, and 47% (n=27) were male. The mean age was 21 years, ranging between 18 and 40 years. The differences between the answers on the first and the second survey were not statistically significant. The main risk behaviors identified in the population were homosexual relations, non-use of condoms, sexual relations with non-regular and commercial partners, the use of psychoactive substances, and ignorance about the symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV transmission. Conclusions: Although there were no differences between the pre- and post-intervention results, the study revealed different risk behaviors among the participating subjects. These findings highlight the importance of promoting educational strategies on this matter and the importance of providing patients with easily accessible tools with reliable health information.

Análisis de los alcances y limitaciones de la implementación de la política pública de salud sexual y reproductiva del distrito, “SEXUALIDAD SIN INDIFERENCIA” en el componente de nacimiento en adolescentes, durante la alcaldía de Luis Eduardo Garzón 2004-2007

Análisis de la implementación de la política pública Sexualidad sin indiferencia, en lo referente a nacimiento adolescente, proporcionando conceptos de política pública, sus fases y haciendo un análisis retrospectivo de la implementación

‘Boots for my Sancho’: structural vulnerability among Latin American day labourers in Berkeley, California

This paper addresses the structural vulnerability of Latin American undocumented day labourers in Northern California, as it is expressed in conversations on street corners where they wait for work. The intimate aspects of migrant experience become exemplified in jokes about the Sancho – a hypothetical character who has moved in on a day labourer's family and who enjoys the money he sends home. Joking turns to more serious topics of nostalgia and tensions with family far away, elements that come together with the fears and threats of labour on the corner and affect the way day labourers see themselves. Sexuality is rearticulated in the absence of women and masculinity becomes enmeshed in the contingencies of unregulated work and long-term separation from the people the men support. Together, these elements result in the articulation of threat to the immigrant body itself, which is exemplified by anxieties over homosexual propositions on the corner. Cet article aborde la vulnérabilité structurelle des travailleurs journaliers latino-américains sans papiers dans le Nord de la Californie, telle qu'ils l'expriment dans leurs conversations en attendant du travail aux coins des rues. Les aspects intimes de l'expérience de la migration sont exemplifiés à travers des blagues sur le Sancho – un personnage hypothétique qui, au pays natal, s'est installé dans la famille d'un journalier pour profiter de l'argent qu'elle reçoit de ce dernier. Les blagues deviennent alors des sujets de conversation plus sérieux, sur un fond de nostalgie et de tensions qui résulte de l'éloignement vis-à-vis de la famille – des éléments qui accompagnent les peurs et les menaces liées aux embauches des coins de rue et ont un impact sur la manière dont les journaliers se perçoivent. La sexualité est articulée par rapport à l'absence des femmes et la virilité s'empêtre dans les contingences du travail illégal et de la séparation sur le long terme d'avec les êtres que ces hommes soutiennent financièrement. Ensemble, tous ces éléments ont pour résultat une articulation de la menace vis-à-vis du corps de l'immigré lui-même, qui est exemplifiée par les angoisses dues aux propositions d'homosexuels aux coins des rues.