Estudio de la participación ciudadana en la ocupación informal del territorio. Estudio de caso: Comuna 4 de Soacha, 2008-2011

Este trabajo es un análisis al trabajo de las Juntas de Acción Comunal y Mesas de Trabajo en la consecución de infraestructura urbana, carente en barrio de origen informal.

La insuficiencia de las disposiciones del pensamiento para cubrir la brecha del pensamiento crítico a la acción crítica

En esta tesis se evalúan las disposiciones del pensamiento crítico; se demuestra la circularidad de sus enunciados y, consecuencia de ello, su insuficiencia para cubrir la brecha que va de las habilidades del pensamiento crítico a la acción crítica.

La insuficiencia de las disposiciones del pensamiento para cubrir la brecha entre pensamiento crítico y acción crítica

En este artículo se evalúan las disposiciones del pensamiento crítico; se demuestra la circularidad de sus enunciados y, consecuencia de ello, su insuficiencia para cubrir la brecha que va de las habilidades del pensamiento crítico a la acción crítica.

Diferencias en costo efectividad del cuidado paliativo domiciliario frente a la atención convencional hospitalaria para el manejo de enfermedades crónicas en fase terminal

En Colombia la dinámica poblacional ha experimentado cambios a través de los años; lo cual modifica las características epidemiológicas y los perfiles de morbimortalidad de la población, aumentando la incidencia y prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas de difícil pronóstico dentro de la población; siendo estos grupos etarios hacía quienes deben destinarse nuevas modalidades de atención y soporte paliativo. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de diversos artículos, clasificados con niveles de evidencia I y II; cuyas variables de análisis fueron: El lugar de fallecimiento del paciente, alivio de la sintomatología, nivel de satisfacción del paciente y sus cuidadores con los servicios recibidos, número de ingresos hospitalarios independientemente de la causa y días promedio de estancia hospitalaria. El 88% de los pacientes que fueron vinculados a la atención domiciliaria falleció en su hogar; el 68% refirió haber experimentado disminución en la intensidad de al menos 2 síntomas como resultado de la atención en casa. El nivel de satisfacción para el cuidado en casa puntuó 19 puntos porcentuales por encima de la calificación que obtuvo el manejo hospitalario. El 23% de los pacientes tratados en su hogar, requirió al menos una hospitalización durante el manejo; mostrando una disminución en el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria de 3.4 días promedio. El manejo paliativo domiciliario de pacientes crónicos en fase terminal, no sólo es una alternativa en la reducción de costos para el sistema de salud, sino que es un factor protector de tipo emocional que refleja también una importante disminución de los riesgos de la hospitalización.

Relación entre servicios públicos domiciliarios de agua y saneamiento básico sobre procesos de asentamientos urbanos. Estudio de caso: Ciudad Porfía (asentamiento informal) y Villa Codem (asentamiento formal), Villavicencio, 1983-2013.

El interés de este trabajo de grado es analizar la relación entre los servicios públicos domiciliarios de agua y saneamiento básico sobre los procesos de asentamientos urbanos. Estudio de caso: Ciudad Porfía (asentamiento informal) y Villa Codem (asentamiento formal), Villavicencio, de 1983 a 2013. Se identifica la naturaleza y los principios de los servicios públicos domiciliarios desde la legislación colombiana vigente y se describen los procesos de conformación y desarrollo de los asentamientos urbanos mencionados. Siguiendo finalmente la perspectiva teórica sobre hábitat desarrollado por UN Hábitat y con una metodología basada en la observación del territorio, se avanza hacia el resultado de la investigación que permite identificar los procesos dinámicos de consolidación, desarrollo y formación de estos asentamientos urbanos y su relación con los servicios públicos domiciliarios de agua y saneamiento básico.

Modification of personality variables through application of a psycho-educational program of full consciousness (mindfulness) in university students

This study examines the effects in university students of a psycho-educational program in full awareness (mindfulness) on certain personality variables. A quasi-experimental (group comparison) design with pretest and postest measurements was employed in an experimental (n = 26) and a control group (n = 27). Barratt impulsiveness Scale (BiS- 11), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ), Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SAD), and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) were applied to experimental and control groups. The results show statistically significant changes in impulsivity variables, experiential avoidance, social avoidance, social anxiety, tension and fatigue when comparing the posttest mean scores of the groups.

Intervention strategies on teachers focused on creating meaningful educational environments for mathematical abilities development

This article describes an intervention process undertaken in a training program for preschool and first grade teachers from public schools in Cali, Colombia. The objective of this process is to provide a space for teachers to reflect on pedagogical practices which allow them to generate educational processes that foster children’s understanding of mathematical knowledge in the classroom. A set of support strategies was presented for helping teachers in the design, analysis and implementation of learning environments as meaningful educational spaces. Furthermore, participants engaged in an analysis of their own intervention modalities to identify which modalities facilitate the development of mathematical abilities in children. In order to ascertain the transformations in the teachers’ learning environments, the mathematical competences and cognitive processes underlying the activities proposed in the classroom, as well as teacher intervention modalities and the types of student participation in classroom activities were examined both before and after the intervention process. Transformations in the teachers’ conceptions about the children’s abilities and their own practices in teaching mathematics in the classroom were evidenced.

Stress and depression in informal caregivers of patients with bipolar affective disorder

This study aims to establish the stress and depression´s prevalence in informal primary caregivers of patients with bipolar affective disorder of the Clínica de Nuestra Señora de la Paz (Bogotá, Colombia). The sample consisted of 40 informal primary caregivers who were tested by several tools: a survey filter, a sociodemographic record, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Daily Stress Questionnaire. Results indicate that there is much more presence of depression than of daily stress in the sample. 

Medical Evaluation Processes in Clinical settings. Qualitative Analysis through the Experience of Teachers and Studens

Evaluation processes in clinical practice have not been well, being their study focused on the technical issues concerning these processes. This study tried an approach to the evaluation processes through the analysis of perceptions from teachers and students about the methodology of evaluation considering the teachinglearning processes performed in a clinical practice of the Medicine Program –Universidad El Bosque from Bogota. With this purpose we conducted interviews with teachers and students searching the manner in which the evaluative, learning and teaching processes are done; then we analyzed the perception from both agents concerning the way these processes are related. The interviews were categorized bath deductively and inductively, and then contrasted with some current theories of learning, teaching and evaluation in medicine. The study showed that nowadays the evaluation and, in general, the educative processes are affected by several factors which are associated to the manner the professional practice is developed, and the educative process of the current teachers. We concluded there is no congrency between the approach of the evaluation, mainly conductivist, and the learning and teaching strategies mainly constructivist. This fact cause dissent in teachers and students.

Monologue or Intercultural Dialogue Between Medical Systems? An Educational Challenge for Medical Sciences

Each medical cultural system constructs knowledge about health through specialization or interculturalism. The knowledge constructed through interculturalism has sought, mainly, to adapt the delivery of health care services to the users’ cultural referents. This emphasis has overlooked the opportunities embedded in the establishment of intercultural relationships between medical systems based on dialogue, especially in regard to the adjustment of the disciplinary boundaries of medical cultural systems that would allow the construction of new knowledge on health. This absence of dialogue has been determined by epistemological barriers inherent to every system as well as by social domination. This article presents some concepts related to cognition processes which encourage the reflection on the possibilities to overcome such barriers so that the health sciences may contribute to the effective implementation of the World Health Organization and the State’s recommendations on the matter.

El mercado del suelo informal en favelas y la movilidad residencial de los pobres en las grandes metrópolis

Existe un gran vacío en los estudios urbanos, en particular de economía urbana, sobre el mercado informal de terrenos en las ciudades. La importancia actual de ese mercado y las perspectivas de su crecimiento futuro relacionadas con la evidente reducción de la ocupación (invasión) de tierras urbanas, imponen la urgencia de plantearlo como un objeto de estudio prioritario. El primer esfuerzo de investigación debe ser la construcción de bancos de datos e informaciones dinámicas sobre el mercado informal de tierras y de la movilidad residencial de los pobres. La pregunta que se debe formular sobre este mercado tiene que ver con sus similitudes y diferencias con respecto al mercado formal. Nuestra respuesta a este desafío se da en dos planos. El primero, a partir de un levantamiento empírico en las favelas de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro; el segundo tomando el mercado informal de tierras y la movilidad de los pobres urbanos como un objeto conceptual que permita re-problematizar temas tradicionales de la economía urbana ortodoxa (neoclásica). 

Informal access to urban land. Housing policies devoted to vulnerable sectors implemented in Cordoba-Argentina

The urban growth in Latino American cities, in a neoliberal context, has led to several population groups to having no possibilities to the access to urban land. Informal and irregular urban settlements increase, requiring attention from local governments, with actions and strategies in order to achieve both the regularization of such situation and further prevention. In the city of Córdoba different informal and irregular operations have taken place promoted by different actors. Furthermore, policies focused on regularization which have been promoted, have few intervention mechanisms, a fact that becomes critical, especially for the urban problems it causes. The main aim of this article is to present a classification over different modes of urban land acquirement taking place out of both urban and civil legislations. Afterwards, different informal settlement typologies are described, as well as the policies focused on them, together with their respective effects and impacts.

Freedom for rent. Informal housing market of Caracas

For years it was believed that in Caracas an informal rental housing market did not exist. A survey (n:832) in seven informal areas shows the opposite. The article analyzes the socio-legal aspects and characteristics of the market: the negotiated property, the rent, the actors and the norms that regulate the market. It is concluded that the Venezuelan State, with its controls and social policies, has become the principal promoter of the informal rental market and that because of the freedom to rent, the poor are the real estate agents that contribute most to meeting the increasing demand for housing.

Relaciones entre el mercado inmobiliario informal y las redes sociales en asentamientos informales del área metropolitana de Buenos Aires

La propuesta es demostrar cómo el mercado inmobiliario informal en los asentamientos consolidados del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires puede ser entendido a partir del prisma de las redes sociales, organizaciones barriales y relaciones familiares de reciprocidad y cómo este mercado modifi ca, a su vez, dichas relaciones sociales, e incluso introduce nuevas reagrupaciones, no exentas de conflictos. 

Informal housing in the XXI century. Characteristics of the informal land and housing supply in Bogota during the first decade of the XXI century

This article characterizes the conditions of the informal land and housing supply during the first decade of the xxi century in Bogota, regarding magnitude and location of the informal urban growth (new occupations in the periphery and informal densification of consolidated areas), housing  conditions in recent occupations and the characteristics of the land market. The situation of the  last decade has been reconstructed based in aerial photography analysis, census data quantification  and data analysis from planning and control public entities. Results suggest that due to the relative  land scarcity in Bogotá, among other aspects, the informal market dynamics have experimented changes compared to previous decades, because the growth in consolidated urban areas becomes  more important than the informal urbanization of the peripheries, but at the same time informality  transcends the municipal perimeter to the neighboring municipalities.