Um método para avaliar a taxa de corrosão

In this paper it is proposed an indirect method to evaluate the corrosion rate of an aluminum and zinc alloy in alkaline solution by using a well-known device for collecting gases over water. The hydrogen gas formation, a corrosion product, is monitored at different time intervals and associated with the alloy mass loss. It has been suggested that the students should work in groups, which may make feasible the social interaction among them and that results discussion may be done collectively under a professor orientation. This proposal may propitiate the learning of terminology and involved concepts as well as contribute to a better understanding of corrosion phenomena that occur in their everyday life.

Avaliação do efeito de gases poluentes na corrosão metálica: um experimento para o ensino da corrosão

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Uma experiência didática de corrosão usando colorimetria visual

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Indicadores da resposta ao estresse agudo associados com a familiaridade ao ambiente e aos procedimentos de banho e tosa em cães (Canis familiaris) da raça poodle

The stress responses can be parameters used in order to identify the welfare of animals. Behavior parameters can also be regarded as means to identify their relation to stressing situations. In this study, adult male and female poodle dogs, accustomed (group 1) or not (group 2) to the environment of a bath and grooming salon were analyzed through the plasmatic concentration of cortisol, cell counting of the immune system (total leukocytes and percentage of neutrophils and lymphocytes) and through observation of changes in behavior before and after the bath and grooming service. After arriving at the kennel, the dogs were taken to the bath and grooming facility, where they had their blood samples taken and were observed for ten minutes. The subsequent procedures consisted of the bath and grooming services and the collection of another blood samples. The research results were analyzed through non-parametric statistic tests and p < 0.05. Accustomed and non-accustomed dogs presented different hormonal and behavior responses: accustomed dogs presented an increasing of the cortisol level at the second blood samples collection, thus indicating stress towards the aforementioned procedures and presenting behavior responses which can be described as moderated stress. Non-accustomed dogs presented the same cortisol levels in both first and second samples suggesting that they were already reacting to the new environment. Dogs also shown behavioral responses which can be described as acute stress. Both male and female dogs showed similar immunological changes as well as different endocrine and behavioral profiles. Concerning aggression, this study demonstrates that biting the owner can be a predicting behavior of aggression during the bath and grooming service, male dogs were more aggressive than the female, and that males were more reactive to unknown caretaker. The results of this research propose that the familiarization of the animal with the bath and grooming environment and caretaker is important to the welfare of poodle dogs, especially to that of male dogs

Masculinidade a prova: um estudo de inspiração fenomenologico - hermeneutico sobre a infertilidade masculina

Culturally, childbearing is understood as a situation that subjects will experience at some point in their lives, especially people who are married or have a similar affectionate relationship. Thus, to realize the inability to meet such a fate seems to be a natural cultural trigger of suffering, frustration and feelings of inadequacy and helplessness. Specifically for men, infertility is closely related to loss of masculinity, virility. He fails in his role as a male. This study sought to understand the impact that infertility have on the existence of a man who receives such a diagnosis, both in self-image as in their marital, sexual and professional roles. This study sets up as a hermeneutic phenomenological research based on the ideas of the philosopher Martin Heidegger. Participants were seven heterosexual, married and infertile men. Two interviews were conducted. The analysis of the material included both the material of the narratives, as the affectation of the researcher when interacting with the participants and their narratives, through phenomenological-hermeneutic interpretation. The results corroborate the literature that states the difficulty of the men, immersed in a context that defines them as virile, powerful and invulnerable to worry about issues related to health and disease. The possibility of any condition that impairs the reproductive capacity exceeds the acceptable limits of daily life for these men, not being recognized as a model of masculinity present in the condition in which they recognize. This leads to questions about their masculinity, role in the marital relationship and their existence. Thus, to recognize themselves as infertile surpass a medical diagnosis and is associated with the construction of meaning for their existence from the approximation with the infertility condition, which helps in redirecting their choices, restoring the project to be self and allowing further recognition as men. In the marital relationship, doing what they can to ensure, theirs happiness. Through these actions, they remain playing the role of family provider, showing that they are able to protect their wives and taking in assisted reproduction or adoption of children viable alternatives to fulfill the desire to leave a legacy and give a child to their wives and to society. Another result observed, refers to the ontological condition of care that characterizes the human being. The ways in which men are treated socially demonstrates a type of care that focuses on the development of characteristics such as strength, virility and determination but does not allow them to cope with the suffering of emotionally difficult situations, such as the diagnosis of infertility. At the end, the study gives rise to reflections on the need to provide a 12 space for men and their expressions of suffering, as well as to recognize their ability to overcome the painful and difficult situations

Do útero à adoção: a experiência de mulheres férteis que adotaram uma criança

Even with all changes and ruptures related to the social roles that woman had performed, the literature had confirmed that the motherhood still configures it like one of the main roles that she hopes to play in some moment of her life. When the woman did not get pregnant or take ahead a pregnancy, some women find in adoption an alternative to play this role. This research aimed to understand the experience of being mother for adoption in the case of fertile women, but whose partner is infertile. Supported by existential-phenomenological theory, used it the narrative, how methodological instrument. Participated five women, whose adoption process followed the legal ways in the Youngness and Infancy Judgeship of Natal/RN. The results showed that in the selfish training, the woman to see herself how whose role principal is to generate children, although, she think that is natural her participation in others activities go out home too. In male infertile case is a tendency that the woman strikes the infertile status too. The adoption is an alternative to fulfill her desire of being a mother and, meanwhile, please her husband and guarantee the continuity of her love relationship. Through motherly care, the woman discover herself as a mother, what brings a new meaning for her live, independent of to generate a child. Though, exit frustration, sometimes, in association with suffering, on account of the pregnancy and childbirth absence. The end of the research suggests reflections that to become fulfilled herself as mother, the woman does not need, necessarily, to generate a child, being the maternity one of the uncountable possibilities that are shown, and that she can choose, or not, accomplish it

No pulsar da clínica: a repetição e as produções corporais de uma criança

This study investigates the Repetition of movements shown in a stereotypical case of a child three years old. In line with the psychoanalysis model of search, this work presents fragments of the clinic process, the locus for the observation of repetitive, ritualized and choreographically movements of this child who used not to speak. The contrast between their movements and the issuance of a word verbalized at the end of the treatment caused the following question: repetition in this child production would be a reproduction of the same or would be directing for the difference? In the psychiatric speech, the stereotypes are listed as diagnostic criteria for certain mental disorders. In the psychoanalysis studies a question about the psych nature of ritualistic gestures apparently without purpose or direction is included. Thus, the route followed was the reading of the theoretical concept of repetition in the psychoanalytic works of S. Freud and J. Lacan. With Freud, the repetition is linked to the transfer and resistance. In that context, when it appears in act, in the place of the talk, it constitutes a particular way of remembering. But the existence of a force in the psychic apparatus that acts independent and involuntarily of the Principle of pleasure (the repetition compulsion) subsidizes the discovery of Freudian pulsion of death that is the tendency to return to itself. In the Lacan reading, the function of Repetition is magnified, as it fulfils two functions: the automaton - reminders of repetitive signs, and that the service of tiqué - the meeting of the subject with his lack constituent. In this sense, repetition is not simply a reproduction, but the search for new, the difference, caused by the lack of continuity that pushes the circuit. Finally, the clinic process and the theoretical readings made the comprehension of the child repetitive and choreographically movements and the pronouncement of a "good-bye", full of meaning. This repetitive scenario which is full of questions, by this very nature, insists in remains inconclusive

Trabalho infantil na agricultura :sentidos produzidos pelas mês e pelos professores

Attempts to explain child labor, for the most part, have been reduced to the economic aspect, looking to establish a causal relationship between work and poverty. Without disregarding this aspect, we intend to approach this phenomenon considering other aspects that could be contributing towards its maintenance. We seek, above all, to articulate it with the concepts of disciplinary power and ideology. The present study, therefore, tries to consider these aspects with the intention of learning the reasons that the mothers and the teachers produce concerning child labor in the cultivation of vegetables. We elected these participants because we considered that child labor has been reinforced by the disciplinary institutions and proponents of ideology, the family and the school, here represented, respectively, by the mothers and the teachers. To affect this study, we created focused groups with the mothers whose children are students and work in the cultivation of vegetables in Gramorezinho (neighborhood situated in the northern part of Natal, RN) and with the teachers of the neighborhood school (Escola Lourdes Goudeiro). The discussion of the participants was handled according to the perspective of discursive practices, attempting to articulate them with the notions of ideology and disciplinary power. In general, we perceived how much ideology and discipline are immersed in the discursive practices of the participants. Whereas, even though in some moments the reference to work as being something that takes time from the child to study and play is apparent, the participants attribute great importance to child labor. Both for the teachers and for the mothers, work is something that can free the children from laziness, from becoming criminals and from using drugs. It too constitutes an important alternative to idleness and to the permanence of the child in the streets

Indicadores associados a acidentes de trânsito envolvendo motoristas de ônibus da cidade de Natal

The purpose of this study was to investigate indicators of urban bus drivers involvement in transit accidents. We analyzed their involvement in accidents in relation to several indicators suggested by the literature, including the temporal dimension of those bus drivers, as expressed in Zimbardo's Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), for previous studies have shown that people more present time oriented revealed greater tendency to engage in risk driving. A questionnaire was applied to 457 bus drivers of the city of Natal, RN, Brazil, with questions about participants socio-demographic information, their professional performance and items on time perspective, presented in a five points Likert type scale. Among the indicators analyzed, the best predictors of traffic accidents were: worried about not being on schedule, family problems, and falling asleep; to work overtime, passengers complaints, work while on vacations and medical leaves. In regard to drivers' time perspective, the sub-scale of "combined present" showed a positive relationship with involvement in transit accidents, while the future scale a negative one, in both cases in accordance with the expect direction, even though the effects have not been statistically significant. The selected predictive variable indicate that traffic accidents are mainly associated to situational factors, that could be prevented through the betterment of work conditions of the bus drivers and other organizational and public policies, since transit accidents should be part of initiatives in the areas of health and safety

A importância do holding na reorganização afetivo-social de crianças que manifestam tendência anti-social

This study aims to understand as the children who show expressive behaviors of antisocial trends at Núcleo de Ação Social da Praia do Meio in Natal-RN city, linked to Secretaria Municipal do Trabalho e Assistência Social-SEMIT, which experience the relation with the social educator in role of caregiver. This matter was investigated within an interpretation and approach qualitative view of the social phenomena, using the Thematic Analysis technique of drawings and stories which express the relation with the caregiver gotten in sessions of playful interactions between child and researcher in order to understand the child experiences with the social educator. The used theoretical referential is by D. W. Winnicott who associates the social trend to a failure of environment in child holding. The subjects expressed the need of a firm and protective environment and they look for this in NASPM educators. Moreover, they show as solitude and vulnerability take part their lives due to the lack of emotional holding on family that favors the involvement with violent groups. But, it is worth pointing out that the children value the Nucleus environment when has offered them a safe holding which can be positive the established linking with it. Such conclusion points out to the possibility, recognized theoretically, that exists from these children to resume the way of healthy development

A inclusão escolar da subjetividade do professor à constituição de um lugar de aluno

The move to include students with special needs (NEE) in the schools presents a paradigm that raises continual discussion about how to implement this proposal. Considering that learning is built from the weaving of socially constructed knowledge and the field of knowledge concerning subjectivity, this research explores the difficulties that occur with the later in the process of inclusion in the schools. Admittedly, the promise implicit in the school does not guarantee that the student learn, but the envisioning of this learning, when the student s educator discredits him, is such that the person is then not taken on as an actual student, being excluded from the transmission of knowledge, even within the school. The project implemented at the Instituto Educacional Casa Escola IECE, for the last three years, shows us that the possibility and sustainability of this envisioning is intimately linked to the subjectivity of the educator, as well as how one relates to the institutional culture. We question then, how this perspective is formed in the educator this perspective capable of denying the offer of a place as student, allowing him to advance while learning. With this in mind, we explore the paradoxical elements present in the paradigm of inclusion, as well as analyzing theoretically, through the body of conceptual psychoanalysis, the process of subjective constitution. We intend to bring to light how this process coincides with the construction of the educator s perspective of exemption from teaching the special needs students. We question, through the formative functions of subjective structuring (The Mirror Stage and the Oedipus Complex), how to form a perspective capable of promoting inclusion of special needs students in educators. Finally, we show how it is possible to bring to light, with the concepts of the I ideal and the ideal I, the subjective difficulties in the practicing instructor

O acolhimento como promoção da saúde entre pacientes com câncer

Cancer has been affecting people all around the world; disregard sex, ethnicity or social class. Despite the fact it is not always deadly, to be diagnosed and treated of cancer brings a lot of physical, emotional and social suffering, specially for those with less economic resources. Considering the complexity of the problem, there has been perceived that medical treatment is not enough to support cancer patients. There is an increasing understanding about their necessity of integral care, supposed to be given by a multidisciplinary health care equip that can consider all the different aspects involved in the illness process. Everyone has a particular way of been ill or healthy, and gives different meanings to the experienced events. The starting point of the research was the contact with a called work `group of shelter', developed with cancer patients by a multidisciplinary health care equip working on the LIGA Norte Riograndense Contra o Câncer. The research goal is to identify meanings people give to the shelter they receive in the group and to understand the way they experience the disease. Considering it singularity of this process, one worked with individually half-structuralized interviews, carried through with nine patients of the chemotherapy clinics and suck, that they had passed for the experience of the group of shelter, having approached getting ill, the treatment, the shelter and the recreation of the psychosocial processes (or not) after all this process. It was chosen as focus of analysis the creation of psychosocial processes and production of felt of these social actors through its discourse analysis perspective, boarded in accordance with the following thematic axles: the experience of the cancer, the shelter and recreation of the psychosocial processes the life. It was found that shelter has an extensive meaning going beyond the the group and involving others besides the multidisciplinary health care equip, and being important to give each patient the best possible benefit. It was also identified the importance of other social actors, such as relatives, friends and neighbors; added of religious faith, mentioned by all interviewees. It is to be considered the recovering capacity shown by eight interviewees, demonstrated by changing the way of interacting with others, getting new values and behaviors, and demonstrating more wisdom. We can consider the possibility of making this strategy to become part of the everyday practices of others health services working with cancer patients, what we think can help to minimize their suffering

Comparação entre metodologias de extração de HPAs em água utilizando um planejamento fatorial com quantificação no CG/EM

PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) are a group of organic substances which receive considerable attention because of the carcinogenic and mutagenic properties of some of them. It is therefore important to determine the PAHs in different environmental matrices. Several studies have shown the use of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry as a technique for quantification of PAHs by presenting excellent detection limits. This study aimed to develop an analytical methodology for the determination of 16 PAHs listed by the USEPA, test two methods for extraction of PAHs in water from a 23 factorial design, quantify them through the analytical technique coupled to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using the method developed, and finally apply the results in chemometrics. The sample was synthesized and subjected to tests of the 23 factorial design, which has the factors: the type of extraction technique (ultrasound and digester), the ratio solvent / sample (1:1 and 1:3) and the type of solvent (dichloromethane / hexane and acetone / dichloromethane). The responses of eight combinations of the factorial design were obtained from the quantification by external calibration in GC/MS. The quantification method was developed from an optimized adaptation of the USEPA Method 8270. We used the full scan mode as a way of acquiring the mass spectra of 16 PAHs. The time in which the samples were subjected to ultrasound was fixed at 10 min and held an investigation to establish the conditions of power and time in the digester. We had the best response in the investigation of the digester power of 100 watts and the time of six minutes. The factorial design of liquid-liquid extraction showed that the most representative factors were: the use of the digester as extraction technique, the ratio solvent / sample 1:1 and the use of a 1:1 mixture of dichloromethane / hexane as a solvent more suitable. These results showed that the 1:1 mixture of dichloromethane / hexane is an excellent mixture to recover the extraction of PAHs an aqueous sample using the microwave digester. The optimization of the method of separation, identification and quantification of PAHs in the GC/MS was valid for 16 PAHs present in each chromatogram of the samples

Monitoramento das águas da bacia hidrográfica pirangi pela determinação dos índices de qualidade da água-iqa e índice de toxidez-it

The problems of water supply in Northeast Brazil are severe and require more focused studies. This work was intended to assess water quality in the watershed Pirangi, located in the Northeastern state of the newborn using the Water Quality Index, AQI associated with the Index of Toxicity-IT. The data presented in this study were collected in November 2008, June 2009 and March 2010 at eight sampling stations distributed throughout the basin. The study covered nine parameters, based on guidelines established by CETESB, and seven members of Metal Toxicity index-IT. These waters are framed in the classification between GOOD and BAD showing AQI 41.34 minimum and a maximum of 76.23. Virtually all seven metals analyzed were below the detection limits of ICP-OES giving IT a water equal to one when they are absent and 0 when there are levels of trace metals

Tratamento eletroquímico de água produzida sintética para remoção de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos

The aim of this work is the treatment of produced water from oil by using electrochemical technology. Produced water is a major waste generated during the process of exploration and production in the oil industry. Several approaches are being studied aiming at the treatment of this effluent; among them can be cited the biological process and chemical treatments such as advanced oxidation process and electrochemical treatments (electrooxidation, electroflotation, electrocoagulation, electrocoagulation). This work studies the application of electrochemical technology in the treatment of the synthetic produced water effluent through the action of the electron, in order to remove or transform the toxic and harmful substances from the environment by redox reactions in less toxic substances. For this reason, we used a synthetic wastewater, containing a mixture H2SO4 0,5M and 16 HPAs, which are: naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo (a) anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k) fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, dibenzo(a, h)anthracene, benzo(g, h, i)perylene. Bulk electrochemical oxidation experiments were performed using a batch electrochemical reactor containing a pair of parallel electrodes, coupled with a power supply using a magnetic stirrer for favoring the transfer mass control. As anodic material was used, a Dimensionally Stable Anode (DSA) of Ti/Pt, while as cathode was used a Ti electrode. Several samples were collected at specific times and after that, the analysis of these samples were carried out by using Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC - MS) in order to determine the percentage of removal. The results showed that it was possible to achieve the removal of HPAs about 80% (in some cases, more than 80%). In addition, as an indicator of the economic feasibility of electrochemical treatment the energy consumption was analyzed for each hour of electrolysis, and based on the value kWh charged by ANEEL, the costs were estimated. Thus, the treatment costs of this research were quite attractive