Lecture Notes in Databases Part 1

Revised 7th November 2012 and 12th November Insert, update and delete slides added.

The spatial scan statistic

Learning object 38 additional resource

Nuevos escenarios de formación en psicología en Brasil

La formación en Psicología en Brasil pasa por transformaciones, debido a la expansión del sector de enseñanza superior. Por un lado, se observa un crecimiento de cursos de psicología en las regiones del interior del país, por otro, se observa la incorporación cada vez más frecuente de instituciones de enseñanza por parte de grupos extranjeros. Se pretende con este estudio mostrar las etapas de interiorización e internacionalización de los cursos de psicología, enfocando los desafíos para la formación del psicólogo brasileño. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo exploratorio con base en datos oficiales sobre la enseñanza superior en el Brasil. Creemos que este es un contexto que presenta nuevos escenarios y desafíos para la formación de los psicólogos, pues reposiciona a la profesión en nuestro país, vinculándola no apenas a las capitales y grandes centros urbanos, sino también exigiendo que los cursos, inclusive los internacionalizados, pasen a considerar en sus currículos la heterogeneidad espacial, social y simbólica, a veces conflictiva y ambigua, que atraviesa la realidad brasileña.

Spatial Inequalities and Social Utility: Mobility Efforts and Accessibility in Greater Santiago

Emergent phenomena such as urban sprawl, travel intensification and loss of cohesion in contemporary metropolises, impose stronger constraints on its inhabitants. Among them, travel and location capabilities become a fundamental factor of social integration and a multiplier of income inequalities. The simultaneous analysis of housing-travel efforts and accessibility to urban opportunities in Greater Santiago shows that these dimensions are closely related and exert an important influence on spatial mobility and inequalities among its inhabitants. Furthermore, a theoretical model of displacements, considering income and location, confirms the importance of proximity and non-motorized transport in order to optimize daily mobility strategies of households. Overall, the empirical and theoretical results presented show the need to implement coordinated planning strategies between the housing and transport sectors, addressing not only travel acceleration, but mainly the consistency between accommodation and opportu  ties location. The creation of such planning tools could be a more sustainable alternative than current growth trends in Greater Santiago.

Neighborhood characteristics and the spatial concentration of crime: Evidence for Bogotá

Using a unique neighborhood crime dataset for Bogotá in 2011, this study uses a spatial econometric approach and examines the role of socioeconomic and agglomeration variables in explaining the variance of crime. It uses two different types of crime, violent crime represented in homicides and property crime represented in residential burglaries. These two types of crime are then measured in non-standard crime statistics that are created as the area incidence for each crime in the neighborhood. The existence of crime hotspots in Bogotá has been shown in most of the literature, and using these non-standard crime statistics at this neighborhood level some hotspots arise again, thus validating the use of a spatial approach for these new crime statistics. The final specification includes socioeconomic, agglomeration, land-use and visual aspect variables that are then included in a SARAR model an estimated by the procedure devised by Kelejian and Prucha (2009). The resulting coefficients and marginal effects show the relevance of these crime hotspots which is similar with most previous studies. However, socioeconomic variables are significant and show the importance of age, and education. Agglomeration variables are significant and thus more densely populated areas are correlated with more crime. Interestingly, both types of crimes do not have the same significant covariates. Education and young male population have a different sign for homicide and residential burglaries. Inequality matters for homicides while higher real estate valuation matters for residential burglaries. Finally, density impacts positively both crimes.

Racial and spatial interaction for neighborhood dynamics in Chicago

We look at at the empirical validity of Schelling’s models for racial residential segregation applied to the case of Chicago. Most of the empirical literature has focused exclusively the single neighborhood model, also known as the tipping point model and neglected a multineighborhood approach or a unified approach. The multi-neighborhood approach introduced spatial interaction across the neighborhoods, in particular we look at spatial interaction across neighborhoods sharing a border. An initial exploration of the data indicates that spatial contiguity might be relevant to properly analyse the so call tipping phenomena of predominately non-Hispanic white neighborhoods to predominantly minority neighborhoods within a decade. We introduce an econometric model that combines an approach to estimate tipping point using threshold effects and a spatial autoregressive model. The estimation results from the model disputes the existence of a tipping point, that is a discontinuous change in the rate of growth of the non-Hispanic white population due to a small increase in the minority share of the neighborhood. In addition we find that racial distance between the neighborhood of interest and it surrounding neighborhoods has an important effect on the dynamics of racial segregation in Chicago.

IQ and aptitude tests : assess your verbal, numerical and spatial reasoning skills.

El libro presenta un conjunto de tests de aptitud (para medir el potencial de éxito de una persona) y tests de inteligencia normalizados, cada vez más utilizados en procesos de contratación, selección y evaluación de personal. Organizados en cuatro apartados, tests de aptitud verbal, espacial, numérica y tests de inteligencia, permiten trabajar distintas áreas (significado de palabras, gramática y comprensión, aptitud verbal avanzada, análisis lógico, cálculo mental, secuencias numéricas y problemas numéricos) para mejorar las habilidades verbales, numéricas y de razonamiento del lector.

Development of different spatial frames of reference for orientation in small-scale environments

Resumen tomado de la publicación

(Dis)orientation and spatial sense : topological thinking in the middle grades

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n