Analytical Representation of Contours

The interpretation and recognition of noisy contours, such as silhouettes, have proven to be difficult. One obstacle to the solution of these problems has been the lack of a robust representation for contours. The contour is represented by a set of pairwise tangent circular arcs. The advantage of such an approach is that mathematical properties such as orientation and curvature are explicityly represented. We introduce a smoothing criterion for the contour tht optimizes the tradeoff between the complexity of the contour and proximity of the data points. The complexity measure is the number of extrema of curvature present in the contour. The smoothing criterion leads us to a true scale-space for contours. We describe the computation of the contour representation as well as the computation of relevant properties of the contour. We consider the potential application of the representation, the smoothing paradigm, and the scale-space to contour interpretation and recognition.

Piecemeal Learning of an Unknown Environment

We introduce a new learning problem: learning a graph by piecemeal search, in which the learner must return every so often to its starting point (for refueling, say). We present two linear-time piecemeal-search algorithms for learning city-block graphs: grid graphs with rectangular obstacles.

Feature Extraction Without Edge Detection

Information representation is a critical issue in machine vision. The representation strategy in the primitive stages of a vision system has enormous implications for the performance in subsequent stages. Existing feature extraction paradigms, like edge detection, provide sparse and unreliable representations of the image information. In this thesis, we propose a novel feature extraction paradigm. The features consist of salient, simple parts of regions bounded by zero-crossings. The features are dense, stable, and robust. The primary advantage of the features is that they have abstract geometric attributes pertaining to their size and shape. To demonstrate the utility of the feature extraction paradigm, we apply it to passive navigation. We argue that the paradigm is applicable to other early vision problems.

Development of process control methodology for tracking the quality and safety of pain, agitation and sedation management in critical care units

Objective: To develop sedation, pain, and agitation quality measures using process control methodology and evaluate their properties in clinical practice. Design: A Sedation Quality Assessment Tool was developed and validated to capture data for 12-hour periods of nursing care. Domains included pain/discomfort and sedation-agitation behaviors; sedative, analgesic, and neuromuscular blocking drug administration; ventilation status; and conditions potentially justifying deep sedation. Predefined sedation-related adverse events were recorded daily. Using an iterative process, algorithms were developed to describe the proportion of care periods with poor limb relaxation, poor ventilator synchronization, unnecessary deep sedation, agitation, and an overall optimum sedation metric. Proportion charts described processes over time (2 monthly intervals) for each ICU. The numbers of patients treated between sedation-related adverse events were described with G charts. Automated algorithms generated charts for 12 months of sequential data. Mean values for each process were calculated, and variation within and between ICUs explored qualitatively. Setting: Eight Scottish ICUs over a 12-month period. Patients: Mechanically ventilated patients. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: The Sedation Quality Assessment Tool agitation-sedation domains correlated with the Richmond Sedation Agitation Scale score (Spearman [rho] = 0.75) and were reliable in clinician-clinician (weighted kappa; [kappa] = 0.66) and clinician-researcher ([kappa] = 0.82) comparisons. The limb movement domain had fair correlation with Behavioral Pain Scale ([rho] = 0.24) and was reliable in clinician-clinician ([kappa] = 0.58) and clinician-researcher ([kappa] = 0.45) comparisons. Ventilator synchronization correlated with Behavioral Pain Scale ([rho] = 0.54), and reliability in clinician-clinician ([kappa] = 0.29) and clinician-researcher ([kappa] = 0.42) comparisons was fair-moderate. Eight hundred twenty-five patients were enrolled (range, 59-235 across ICUs), providing 12,385 care periods for evaluation (range 655-3,481 across ICUs). The mean proportion of care periods with each quality metric varied between ICUs: excessive sedation 12-38%; agitation 4-17%; poor relaxation 13-21%; poor ventilator synchronization 8-17%; and overall optimum sedation 45-70%. Mean adverse event intervals ranged from 1.5 to 10.3 patients treated. The quality measures appeared relatively stable during the observation period. Conclusions: Process control methodology can be used to simultaneously monitor multiple aspects of pain-sedation-agitation management within ICUs. Variation within and between ICUs could be used as triggers to explore practice variation, improve quality, and monitor this over time

Third Sector Experiences of Work Programme Delivery.

This paper explores the organisational experiences of governmental policy change and implementation on the third sector. Using a four-year longitudinal study of 13 third sector organisations (TSOs) it provides evidence based on the experiences of, and effects on, third sector organisations involved in the UK’s Work Programme in Scotland. The paper explores third sector experiences of the Work Programme during the preparation and introductory phase, as well as the effects of subsequent Work Programme implementation. By gathering evidence contemporaneously and longitudinally a unique in-depth analysis is provided of the introduction and implementation of a major new policy. The resource cost and challenges to third sector ways of working for the organisations in the Work Programme supply chain, as well as those not in the supply chain, are considered. The paper considers some of the responses adopted by the third sector to manage the opportunities and challenges presented to them through the implementation of the Work Programme. The paper also reflects on the broader context of the employability services landscape and raises questions as to whether, as a result of the manner in which the Work Programme was contracted, there is evidence of a move towards service homogenisation, challenging perceived TSO characteristics of service innovation and personalisation.

Wykorzystanie Gramatyki Kognitywnej w klasie językowej: Nauczanie angielskich konstrukcji dzierżawczych, czasu i aspektu

Wydział Neofilologii: Instytut Filologii Angielskiej

Antyk w prozie J. R. R. Tolkiena

Tolkien’s oeuvre and its problematic relationships with classical tradition serve in my paper as an illustration of the diverse approaches, methods, and styles of lecture concerning the nature of literary allusivity. As a point of departure in the paper has been taken the reflection on the common phrase about “antiquity in something” deployed broadly in the reception studies. T he questions raised here are as follows: what does precisely “in” mean in that metaphor? O r, to put it in more general terms, when an allusion to another text can be treated as an inherent part of interpretation? Answer to these questions was possible due to U mberto E co’s statements in the well-known dispute relating to the interpretation and overinterpretation; in conclusion I was trying to show that his criterion of textual economy in interpretation justifies somehow (as I believe) the new look on the essential T olkien’s symbol, i.e. the ring of power, as a symbol of the R oman imperial rule. This means (in the context of the translatio imperii and cultural change from pagan to Christian empire) that The Lord of the Rings can be seen in a way as a novelistic version of Augustine’s The City of God.

Quantitative Particle Characterization by Scattered Ultrasound

The topic of this thesis is an acoustic scattering technique for detennining the compressibility and density of individual particles. The particles, which have diameters on the order of 10 µm, are modeled as fluid spheres. Ultrasonic tone bursts of 2 µsec duration and 30 MHz center frequency scatter from individual particles as they traverse the focal region of two confocally positioned transducers. One transducer acts as a receiver while the other both transmits and receives acoustic signals. The resulting scattered bursts are detected at 90° and at 180° (backscattered). Using either the long wavelength (Rayleigh) or the weak scatterer (Born) approximations, it is possible to detennine the compressibility and density of the particle provided we possess a priori knowledge of the particle size and the host properties. The detected scattered signals are digitized and stored in computer memory. With this information we can compute the mean compressibility and density averaged over a population of particles ( typically 1000 particles) or display histograms of scattered amplitude statistics. An experiment was run first run to assess the feasibility of using polystyrene polymer microspheres to calibrate the instrument. A second study was performed on the buffy coat harvested from whole human blood. Finally, chinese hamster ovary cells which were subject to hyperthermia treatment were studied in order to see if the instrument could detect heat induced membrane blebbing.

Induction of the mucosal immune response

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Ritualizing Barong and Rangda: Repercussions of a Collaborative Field Experience in Kerambitan, Bali.

The dance-drama called Barong and Rangda a ritual, is one of the vital events that breathes life in the small village, Banjar Tista, and extends beyond the boundaries of its "performance" area. In this thesis, I depend on Ronald Grimes' concept of "ritualizing" as a continuum in the context of my fieldwork in Bali, Indonesia. The ritual cycle and the collaborative fieldwork process are analyzed through the impressions of each fieldworker. Barong and Rangda is a well-documented dance-drama and part of the longer Calonarang story. This dance-drama is a mythological battle between the lion, Barong, and the witch, Rangda, and is performed authentically to create spiritual balance and cleanse its community members of evil. This ritual performance reaches beyond the time and place in which the performance originates and creates a ripple affect on the village members, those in trance, musicians and cultural outsiders alike.

Facts and Fictions: Feminist Literary Criticism and Cultural Critique, 1968-2012

"Facts and Fictions: Feminist Literary Criticism and Cultural Critique, 1968-2012" is a critical history of the unfolding of feminist literary study in the US academy. It contributes to current scholarly efforts to revisit the 1970s by reconsidering often-repeated narratives about the critical naivety of feminist literary criticism in its initial articulation. As the story now goes, many of the most prominent feminist thinkers of the period engaged in unsophisticated literary analysis by conflating lived social reality with textual representation when they read works of literature as documentary evidence of real life. As a result, the work of these "bad critics," particularly Kate Millett and Andrea Dworkin, has not been fully accounted for in literary critical terms.

This dissertation returns to Dworkin and Millett's work to argue for a different history of feminist literary criticism. Rather than dismiss their work for its conflation of fact and fiction, I pay attention to the complexity at the heart of it, yielding a new perspective on the history and persistence of the struggle to use literary texts for feminist political ends. Dworkin and Millett established the centrality of reality and representation to the feminist canon debates of "the long 1970s," the sex wars of the 1980s, and the more recent feminist turn to memoir. I read these productive periods in feminist literary criticism from 1968 to 2012 through their varied commitment to literary works.

Chapter One begins with Millett, who de-aestheticized male-authored texts to treat patriarchal literature in relation to culture and ideology. Her mode of literary interpretation was so far afield from the established methods of New Criticism that she was not understood as a literary critic. She was repudiated in the feminist literary criticism that followed her and sought sympathetic methods for reading women's writing. In that decade, the subject of Chapter Two, feminist literary critics began to judge texts on the basis of their ability to accurately depict the reality of women's experiences.

Their vision of the relationship between life and fiction shaped arguments about pornography during the sex wars of the 1980s, the subject of Chapter Three. In this context, Dworkin was feminism's "bad critic." I focus on the literary critical elements of Dworkin's theories of pornographic representation and align her with Millett as a miscategorized literary critic. In the decades following the sex wars, many of the key feminist literary critics of the founding generation (including Dworkin, Jane Gallop, Carolyn Heilbrun, and Millett) wrote memoirs that recounted, largely in experiential terms, the history this dissertation examines. Chapter Four considers the story these memoirists told about the rise and fall of feminist literary criticism. I close with an epilogue on the place of literature in a feminist critical enterprise that has shifted toward privileging theory.

Age-related immune reconstitution during highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children [2] (multiple letters)

SCOPUS: le.j

Experiencias asociativas de tipo cooperativo como estrategia de inserción de la pequeña y mediana producción citrícola familiar en el mercado internacional de frutas frescas

En los últimos años asistimos a un proceso de transformación constante de la estructura agrícola, en el cual la naturaleza de los sistemas productivos y la producción de alimentos han pasado de un modelo tradicional basado en la producción para mercados locales y nacionales, a la internacionalización de los complejos agroalimentarios. Dicho proceso plantea situaciones de naturaleza compleja para la pequeña y mediana producción agrícola familiar y a la vez genera interrogantes respecto a sus posibilidades de persistencia como productores, especialmente en los circuitos de exportación. Teniendo en cuenta lo arriba expuesto y poniendo especial atención a la asociatividad como estrategia de articulación/integración de este tipo de productores a los mercados globales, en esta tesis se partió de un análisis general que puso énfasis en el complejo citrícola agroexportador de Monte Caseros (Corrientes), y en la situación de pequeña y mediana producción citrícola familiar en él inserta (incluyendo sus estrategias productivas y de inserción en los mercados), para luego, a través del estudio de caso de una cooperativa exportadora citrícola, profundizar en los factores determinantes para la conformación de este tipo de emprendimientos, las estrategias implementadas en las fases de producción agrícola, agroindustrial y comercial, así como la incidencia de dichas estrategias en el carácter del vínculo establecido con los asociados, y sobre sus unidades productivas. Para tal fin se aplicaron técnicas de análisis de tipo cualitativo a entrevistas semiestructuradas y en profundidad realizadas a informantes calificados seleccionados en función del papel desempeñado dentro del complejo, productores citrícolas de la zona bajo estudio, directivos y asociados de la cooperativa seleccionada. Al tiempo se recopiló y analizó información secundaria proveniente de artículos científicos, libros, revistas, páginas web de organismos públicos y privados, estadísticas sectoriales, entre otros. Las conclusiones más relevantes se focalizan en la importancia de la estrategia asociativa a través de cooperativas para el acceso de la pequeña y mediana producción citrícola en los mercados externos, no obstante parece existir una tendencia hacía la homogeneización del perfil de los productores asociados, prevaleciendo aspectos como el nivel económico-productivo, un adecuado conocimiento de los mercados y un mayor grado de compromiso con la organización. Lo cual lleva a plantear que la membrecía estaría permitiendo a aquellos productores de perfil familiar-empresarial y empresarial, que han implementado los cambios necesarios y que cumplen con los requisitos públicos y privados en términos de sanidad y calidad, la colocación de su fruta en el mercado internacional. En contraste, no estaría asegurando la inserción exportadora para aquellos productores familiares puros con capacidades limitadas en cuanto al acceso a capital e información tecnológica y de mercados, dada su mayor dificultad para realizar las inversiones necesarias y afrontar los costos inherentes.

Experiencias asociativas de tipo cooperativo como estrategia de inserción de la pequeña y mediana producción citrícola familiar en el mercado internacional de frutas frescas

En los últimos años asistimos a un proceso de transformación constante de la estructura agrícola, en el cual la naturaleza de los sistemas productivos y la producción de alimentos han pasado de un modelo tradicional basado en la producción para mercados locales y nacionales, a la internacionalización de los complejos agroalimentarios. Dicho proceso plantea situaciones de naturaleza compleja para la pequeña y mediana producción agrícola familiar y a la vez genera interrogantes respecto a sus posibilidades de persistencia como productores, especialmente en los circuitos de exportación. Teniendo en cuenta lo arriba expuesto y poniendo especial atención a la asociatividad como estrategia de articulación/integración de este tipo de productores a los mercados globales, en esta tesis se partió de un análisis general que puso énfasis en el complejo citrícola agroexportador de Monte Caseros (Corrientes), y en la situación de pequeña y mediana producción citrícola familiar en él inserta (incluyendo sus estrategias productivas y de inserción en los mercados), para luego, a través del estudio de caso de una cooperativa exportadora citrícola, profundizar en los factores determinantes para la conformación de este tipo de emprendimientos, las estrategias implementadas en las fases de producción agrícola, agroindustrial y comercial, así como la incidencia de dichas estrategias en el carácter del vínculo establecido con los asociados, y sobre sus unidades productivas. Para tal fin se aplicaron técnicas de análisis de tipo cualitativo a entrevistas semiestructuradas y en profundidad realizadas a informantes calificados seleccionados en función del papel desempeñado dentro del complejo, productores citrícolas de la zona bajo estudio, directivos y asociados de la cooperativa seleccionada. Al tiempo se recopiló y analizó información secundaria proveniente de artículos científicos, libros, revistas, páginas web de organismos públicos y privados, estadísticas sectoriales, entre otros. Las conclusiones más relevantes se focalizan en la importancia de la estrategia asociativa a través de cooperativas para el acceso de la pequeña y mediana producción citrícola en los mercados externos, no obstante parece existir una tendencia hacía la homogeneización del perfil de los productores asociados, prevaleciendo aspectos como el nivel económico-productivo, un adecuado conocimiento de los mercados y un mayor grado de compromiso con la organización. Lo cual lleva a plantear que la membrecía estaría permitiendo a aquellos productores de perfil familiar-empresarial y empresarial, que han implementado los cambios necesarios y que cumplen con los requisitos públicos y privados en términos de sanidad y calidad, la colocación de su fruta en el mercado internacional. En contraste, no estaría asegurando la inserción exportadora para aquellos productores familiares puros con capacidades limitadas en cuanto al acceso a capital e información tecnológica y de mercados, dada su mayor dificultad para realizar las inversiones necesarias y afrontar los costos inherentes.

Mi escuela virtual de Educación Matemática

esde el año 2004 la Licenciatura en Matemáticas, consecuente con el principio de pertinencia de la Investigación en la Universidad de Cundinamarca, emprendió acciones inmediatas orientadas a generar procesos de innovación modernizadora en la formación de docentes investigadores en Educación Matemática que contribuyeran con la construcción gradual de bases sólidas para la línea de investigación del programa10, eje articulador del proyecto curricular.