High-order DES and zonal LES of a labyrinth seal

Hybrid numerical large eddy simulation (NLES) and detached eddy simulation (DES) methods are assessed on a labyrinth seal geometry. A high sixth order discretization scheme is used and is validated using a test case of a two dimensional vortex. The hybrid approach adopts a new blending function and along with DES is initially validated using a simple cavity flow. The NLES method is also validated outside of RANS zones. It is found that there is very little resolved turbulence in the cavity for the DES simulation. For the labyrinth seal calculations the DES approach is problematic giving virtually no resolved turbulence content. It is seen that over the tooth tips the extent of the LES region is small and is likely to be a strong contributor to excessive flow damping in these regions. On the other hand the zonal Hamilton-Jacobi approach did not suffer from this trait. In both cases the meshes used are considered to be hybrid RANS-LES adequate. Fortunately (or perhaps unfortunately) the DES profiles are in agreement with the time mean experimental measurements. It is concluded that for an inexperienced CFD practitioner this could have wider implications particularly if transient results such as unsteady loading are desired. Copyright © 2012 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.

Leadership of healthcare commissioning networks in England: a mixed-methods study on clinical commissioning groups.

To explore the relational challenges for general practitioner (GP) leaders setting up new network-centric commissioning organisations in the recent health policy reform in England, we use innovation network theory to identify key network leadership practices that facilitate healthcare innovation.

Ultrafast and widely tuneable vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser, mode-locked by a graphene-integrated distributed Bragg reflector

We report a versatile and cost-effective way of controlling the unsaturated loss, modulation depth and saturation fluence of graphene-based saturable absorbers (GSAs), by changing the thickness of a spacer between SLG and a high-reflection mirror. This allows us to modulate the electric field intensity enhancement at the GSA from 0 up to 400%, due to the interference of incident and reflected light at the mirror. The unsaturated loss of the SLG-mirror-assembly can be reduced to$\sim$0. We use this to mode-lock a VECSEL from 935 to 981nm. This approach can be applied to integrate SLG into various optical components, such as output coupler mirrors, dispersive mirrors, dielectric coatings on gain materials. Conversely, it can also be used to increase absorption (up to 10%) in various graphene based photonics and optoelectronics devices, such as photodetectors.

Wavelength tunable graphene modelocked VECSEL

We passively modelock an optically pumped VECSEL by using a single-layer graphene saturable absorber mirror, resulting in pulses as short as 473 fs. A broad wavelength tuning range of 46 nm is achieved with three different VECSEL chips, with a single chip 21 nm are covered. © OSA 2013.

Detection of Myxobolus rotundus (Myxozoa : Myxosporea) in skin mucus of crucian carp Carassius auratus auratus using a monoclonal antibody

Diagnosis of myxosporean Myxobolus rotundus infection was conducted by examining skin mucus from the infected crucian carp Carassius auratus auratus with a monoclonal antibody, MAb 2D12, raised previously against the parasite. A positive reaction was observed in skin mucus collected from infected fish, and spores and pre-spore stages of the parasite were identified by the MAb 2D12. It was also demonstrated that M. rotundus infection can be successfully detected by a simple method, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and that skin mucus collected from infected fish skin had a significantly higher optical density (OD) value than that from uninfected fish.

Desorption and Ripening of Low Density InAs Quantum Dots

In this paper, combining low deposition rate with proper growth temperature, we have developed a way to prepare very low-density quantum dots (QDs) suited for the study of single OD properties without resorting to submicron lithography. Experiment results demonstrate that InAs desorption is significant during growing the low density QDs. Ripening of InAs QDs is clearly observed during the post-growth annealing. Photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals that the emission wavelength of low density InAs QDs arrives at 1332.4 nm with a GaAs capping layer.

Desorption and Ripening of Low Density InAs Quantum Dots

In this paper, combining low deposition rate with proper growth temperature, we have developed a way to prepare very low-density quantum dots (QDs) suited for the study of single OD properties without resorting to submicron lithography. Experiment results demonstrate that InAs desorption is significant during growing the low density QDs. Ripening of InAs QDs is clearly observed during the post-growth annealing. Photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals that the emission wavelength of low density InAs QDs arrives at 1332.4 nm with a GaAs capping layer.

振荡浮子式波浪能转换装置研究

海洋波浪能作为一种无污染的可再生能源，长期以来，世界各国对其投入了大量的研究。振荡水柱（QwC）式波能转换装置由于具有较高的可靠性，在欧洲等一些波能密度较大的国家，得到广泛的采用。但这种装置的缺点在于：建造费用昂贵、施工困难、转换效率低。在波能密度低的国家，如中国，继续采用这种装置就显得很不理想。本文研究的振荡浮子（OD）式波能转换装置用一个放在港中的浮子作为波浪能的吸收载体，然后将浮子吸收的能量通过一个放在岸上的机械或液压装置转换出去，用来驱动电机发电。这种装置的主要优点是：建造成本低、转换效率高。尽管

由异构的二苯醚二酐和二苯硫醚二酐合成的聚酰亚胺

本论文的目的是研究由桥联二配的异构体合成的聚酰亚胺的性质，期望能发现既不牺牲热性能和机械性能又能改善加工性的新型聚酰亚胺材料。国内外目前在此方面的研究还较少，对异构化聚酰亚胺进行系统研究既填补了基础研究在此方面的空白，也对发展新的聚酰亚胺品种具有很天的实际意义。本论文在聚酞亚胺组过去工作的基础上，以氯代苯配为原料合成了二苯醚二配（ODPA）和二苯硫醚二酐（TDPA）两种桥联二配的3，3'-位和3，4'-位异构体（以桥键相对苯酐单元的位置命名），并得到了3，3’一ODPA和3，4'-ODPA的单晶，发现它们的顺反构象在单晶中都能稳定存在，其扭曲结构对聚合物的性质有很大影响。本论文还以三种ODPA异构体和三种TDPA异构体为基础合成了一系列的热塑性聚酰亚胺，对它们的性质进行了研究，发现以3，3'-位和3，4'-位二配为基础的聚酰亚胺在酚类溶剂和DMAc、DMF、NMP等极性溶剂中具有良好的溶解性，在DMSO和CHC13中部分溶解，而以4，4'-位二配为基础的聚酰亚胺则只溶于酚类溶剂。异构ODPA和TDPA系列基于同种二胺的聚酰亚胺薄膜都具有高的耐热性，后者的热氧化稳定性比前者稍高。以3，3'-位二酐为基础的聚酰胺酸热亚胺化的薄膜较脆，但由它们化学亚胺化后的聚酰亚胺粉末再溶解可得优良力学性能的韧膜。以3，4'-位二醉和4，4'-位二配为基础的聚酰胺酸热亚胺化薄膜具有相近的优异力学性质。对以4，4'-ODPA为主的共聚、共混聚酰胺酸热亚胺化薄膜力学性能的研究表明，当3，3'-OD队的含量超过30％时，薄膜脆性明显增加，而3，4'-ODPA以任何比例和4，4'-ODPA共聚、共混都能得到强韧的薄膜。异构TDPA系列聚酰亚胺的力学性能同ODPA系列相当。由异构ODPA和TDPA系列合成的聚酰亚胺动态力学性质规律相同。它们的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）均为3，3'-位的最高，3，4'-位次之，4，4'-位的最低。对于β转变，均为4，4'-位的Tβ最高，β转变峰也最强，3，4'-位的Tβ较低，β转变峰也稍弱，3，3'-位的β转变最弱，没有明显的β转变峰。由ODPA系列异构体同ODA共聚、共混的热酞亚胺化聚酰亚胺薄膜除3，3'-ODPA含量为75％时膜脆DMTA未测外，其他共聚、共混聚酰亚胺薄膜的Tg均随4，4'-位含量的增加而降低，Tp随4，4'-位含量的增加而升高，β转变峰的强度也随4，4'-位含量的增加而增大，Tp（K）/Tg（K）数值均在0.68～0.75之间。含3，3'-位和3，4'-位二配的聚酰亚胺薄膜在Tg过后不久即被迅速拉长至伸长率超过30％（DMTA仪器的设限），而由4，4'-位二酐合成的聚酰亚胺则到450℃伸长率均未超30％。经对ODPA系列异构体同·ODA聚合的聚酰亚胺薄膜拉伸前后的WAXD研究发现，4，4'-ODPA/ODA的薄膜在拉伸前后结晶峰无变化，表明Tg前后其分子间均有较大的作用力，其他两种膜拉伸后有明显的取向结晶现象，由此可见它们在Tg后的迅速伸长可能是因为其扭曲结构使得分子链堆积疏松，链段的活动性随自由体积的增大而迅速增强。对中等分子量的异构ODPA和TDPA系列同ODA聚合的聚酰亚胺的流变性质研究发现，3，4'-位聚酰亚胺拥有最低的熔体粘度，可能因为其分子堆积比4，4'-位的疏松，而链刚性又比3，3'-位的弱。由异构ODPA和TDPA系列与不同二胺和封端剂合成的PMR型热固性聚酰亚胺流变性质规律不尽相同。异构ODPA/MDA/NA的PMR树脂中3，3'-位树脂熔融粘度谷底数值较高加工窗口较窄。异构ODR入／ODA/NA的PMR树脂中三者熔融粘度谷底相同，均在SPa·s左右，3，3'-位和3，4'-位树脂的加工窗口几乎重合，4，4'-位树脂加工窗口随不同次制样的结晶性不同而有所变化。同异构ODPA/ODA/NA的PMR树脂相比，异构TDPA／ODA/NA系列的熔融粘度谷底数值稍高（10～14Pa·s之间），但也彼此相同，无异构体间的差别，3，4'-位和4，4，一位树脂加工窗口均较宽且4，4'-位树脂无明显结晶出现，3，3'-位窗日最窄。异构TDPA/ODA/PEPA的PMR树脂熔融粘度谷底比NA封端的低，降到2-4Pa·s左右，且加工窗口大大加宽，异构体之间差别不大，熔融粘度谷底数值比4，4'-ODPA/ODA/PEPA树脂低，窗口也宽。以3，4’-ODA取代4，4'-ODA后，由4，4'-TD队、3，4'-TD队、3，4'-ODPA和4，4’-OD队合成的PE以封端PMR树脂均拥有1 Pa·s左右的熔体粘度谷底。4，4'-ODPA／3，4'-ODA／PEPA结晶性较强，加工窗口在290℃以上，其他三种树脂的加工窗口都可扩宽到270～350℃，可望适合用RrM工艺加工高性能的复合材料。总体看来，异构ODPA和TDPA系歹lJ的PMR树脂中，由4，4'-ODPA合成的树脂有较强的结晶性，由3，3'-位二配合成的树脂熔体粘度和加工窗口多有变化，但由4，4'-TDPA和3，4'-位二酐合成的不同种类树脂和其异构体相比均具有较低的熔体粘度谷底和较宽的加工窗口，可见异构TDPA系列的热固性聚酰亚胺熔融加工性比异构ODPA系列好。

Optical properties of AIInGaN quaternary alloys

Carrier recombination dynamics in AlInGaN alloy has been studied by photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL). The fast redshift of PL peak energy is observed and well fitted by a physical model considering the thermal activation and transfer processes. This result provides evidence for the exciton localization in the quantum dot (QD)-like potentials in our AlInGaN alloy. The TRPL signals are found to be described by a stretched exponential function of exp[(-t/tau)(beta)], indicating the presence of a significant disorder in the material. The disorder is attributed to a randomly distributed quantum dots or clusters caused by indium fluctuations. By studying the dependence of the dispersive exponent 8 on the temperature and emission energy, we suggest that the exciton hopping dominate the diffusion of carriers localized in the disordered quantum dots. Furthermore, the localized states are found to have OD density of states up to 250 K, since the radiative lifetime remains almost unchanged with increasing temperature.

维生素C二步发酵新组合菌G.529及其应用

本文筛选一株苏芸金杆菌与氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌组成的新组合菌G. B529，并对其生物学性质进行研究，结果表明：新组合菌的摇瓶发酵转化率较原菌系提高4.83个百分点，发酵速度快，且具有耐受高浓度（10%）山梨糖的特性。为使G. B529的潜能得到最大程度的发挥，对其影响因素进行研究。首先应用均匀设计方法确立了G. B529的发酵培养基优化配比，在所实验的范围内，发酵转化率与玉米浆浓度成正相关性，尿素浓度 1．45%佩W/V)时，转化率达最大。其次种液各参数对发酵影响实验确立了判断种子质量高低的方法。结果显示种液中的大菌OD值一1.6 X小菌OD值可以作为种液的质量指数。最后对种子质量的影响实验显示适当提高玉米浆、葡萄糖等成分的浓度与降低尿素的浓度及调高pH值均有利于种液质量的改善。同时低接种量、大通气量和选择种龄为14小时均有助于种液质量指数的提高。 新组合菌系在选定的条件下枷3罐中4批发酵显示出很强的发酵能力，平均醇酸转化率较对照提高8.16个百分点，周期缩短10.6小时。其在300M3罐中生产试用行，连续26批次的平均醇酸转化率达87.40%,较生产用菌提高3.32个百分点。平均周期也缩短1．3小时。

System size dependence of associated yields in hadron-triggered jets STAR Collaboration

We present results on the system size dependence of high transverse momentum di-hadron correlations at root s(NN) = 200 GeV as measured by STAR at RHIC. Measurements in d + Au, Cu + Cu and Au + Au collisions reveal similar jet-like near-side correlation yields (correlations at small angular separation Delta phi similar to 0, Delta eta similar to 0) for all systems and centralities. Previous measurements have shown Chat the away-side (Delta phi similar to pi) yield is suppressed in heavy-ion collisions. We present measurements of the away-side Suppression as a function of transverse momentum and centrality in Cu + Cu and Au + Au collisions. The suppression is found to be similar in Cu + Cu and An + An collisions at a similar number of participants. The results are compared to theoretical calculations based on the patron quenching model and the modified fragmentation model. The observed differences between data and theory indicate that the correlated yields presented here will further constrain dynamic energy loss models and provide information about the dynamic density profile in heavy-ion collisions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Measurement of the Bottom Quark Contribution to Nonphotonic Electron Production in p plus p Collisions at root s=200 GeV

The contribution of B meson decays to nonphotonic electrons, which are mainly produced by the semileptonic decays of heavy-flavor mesons, in p + p collisions at root s = 200 GeV has been measured using azimuthal correlations between nonphotonic electrons and hadrons. The extracted B decay contribution is approximately 50% at a transverse momentum of p(T) >= 5 GeV/c. These measurements constrain the nuclear modification factor for electrons from B and D meson decays. The result indicates that B meson production in heavy ion collisions is also suppressed at high p(T).

Higher Moments of Net Proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC

200 GeV corresponding to baryon chemical potentials (mu(B)) between 200 and 20 MeV. Our measurements of the products kappa sigma(2) and S sigma, which can be related to theoretical calculations sensitive to baryon number susceptibilities and long-range correlations, are constant as functions of collision centrality. We compare these products with results from lattice QCD and various models without a critical point and study the root s(NN) dependence of kappa sigma(2). From the measurements at the three beam energies, we find no evidence for a critical point in the QCD phase diagram for mu(B) below 200 MeV.