As múltiplas dimensões da garantia dos direitos do paciente idoso internado: o caso de uma instituição hospitalar pública no município de Natal/RN

In the context of current capitalist society, marked by the logic that restricts the human person their status as workforce, in order to generate profits, old age is often treated as an underprivileged life stage. This reality becomes more intense considering the sharp aging process that affects brazilian society is accompanied by the country's entry into a globalized world and tensioned by the dictates of capital. Thus, despite the increasing development of policies to strengthen the guarantee of elderly rights, it is necessary to establish effective strategies of these measures to ensure a higher quality of life to these subjects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop studies that problematize the issue of the elderly, which represent a growing portion of the population, and hence have more visible demands, including in health. With the increase in the elderly population in Brazil it is possible to realize the country is going through a demographic transition and epidemiological changes that contribute to change the landscape of health care of the elderly, especially the hospitalization. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the multiple aspects of ensuring the rights of elderly patients admitted to the State Hospital Dr. Ruy Pereira dos Santos (HRPS), located in Natal / RN, whose most patients are elderly. Specifically sought to understand the aging process, its social consequences and the vulnerability to which it is exposed, especially during the disease situation; understand the process of construction of the Brazilian public health and their actions for older people; learn the expressions of citizenship formation in Brazil with regard to policies for older people; and investigate the design of health professionals about the guarantee of the right of hospitalized elderly. Starting from an integrated coordinated theoretical and practical possibilities, a qualitative research and literature character, documentary and field was held. For this, there were four semi-structured interviews with health research locus Hospital professionals - namely, two social workers, a doctor and a nurse - as well as life stories with the hospitalized elderly patients, one in each deck the said Hospital, totaling three. The results pointed to the difficulty of health policy become effective as law and stressed one historical scenario violation of the rights of elderly hospitalized patients, which persists due to the precarious situation and the difficulty of effective implementation of the Unified Health System (SUS ) and other public policies to that end.

Perfil sociodemográfico dos idosos nas capitais do Nordeste e a mortalidade por doenças crônico-degenerativas desse segmento populacional em Natal (RN)

Population aging is a global demographic trend. This process is a reality that merits attention and importance in recent years, and cause considerable impact in terms of greater demands on the health sector, social security and special care and attention from families and society as a whole. Thus, in the context of addressing the consequences of demographic transition, population aging is characterized as a major challenge for Brazilian society. Therefore, this study was conducted in two main objectives. In the first article, variables of socioeconomic and demographic contexts were employed to identify multidimensional profiles of elderly residents in the Northeast capitals, from specific indicators from the 2010 Census information Therefore, we used the Grade of Membership Method (GoM), whose design profiles admits that an individual belongs to different degrees of relevance to multiple profiles in order to identify socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with living conditions of the elderly in the Northeastern capitals. The second article examined the possible relationship between mortality from chronic diseases and socio-economic indicators in the elderly population, of the 137 districts in Natal, broken down by ten-year age groups (60 to 69 years, 70-79 years and 80 and over. The microdata from the Mortality Information System (SIM), was used, provided by the Health Secretariat of Christmas, and population information came from the Population Census 2010. The method refers to the Global and Local Index neighborhood logic (LISA) Moran, whose spatial distribution from the choropleth maps allowed us to analyze the mortality of the elderly by neighborhoods, according to socioeconomic and demographic indicators, according to the presence of special significance. In the first article, the results show the identification of three extreme profiles. The Profile 1 which is characterized by median socioeconomic status and contributes 35.5% of elderly residents in the area considered. The profile 2 which brings together seniors with low socioeconomic status characteristics, with a percentage of 24.8% of cases. And the Profile 3 composing elderly with features that reveal better socioeconomic conditions, about 29.7% of the elderly. Overall, the results point to poor living conditions represented by the definition of these profiles, mainly expressed by the results observed in more than half of the northeastern elderly experience a situation of social vulnerability given the large percentage that makes up the Profile 1 and Profile 2, adding 60% of the elderly. In the second article, the results show a higher proportion of elderly concentrated in the neighborhoods of higher socioeconomic status, such as Petrópolis and LagoaSeca. Mortality rates, according to the causes of death and standardized by the empirical Bayesian method were distributed locally as follows: Neoplasms (Reis Santos, New Discovery, New Town, Grass Soft and Ponta Negra); Hypertensive diseases (Blue Lagoon, Potengi, Redinha, Reis Santos, Riverside, Lagoa Nova, Grass Soft, Neópolis and Ponta Negra); Acute Myocardial Infarction (Northeast, Guarapes and grass Soft); Cerebrovascular diseases (Petrópolis and Mother Luiza); Pneumonia (Ribeira, Praia do Meio, New Discovery, Grass Soft and Ponta Negra); Chronic Diseases of the Lower Way Airlines (Igapó, Northeast and Thursdays). The present findings at work may contribute to other studies on the subject and development of specific policies for the elderly.

Perfil sociodemográfico dos idosos nas capitais do Nordeste e a mortalidade por doenças crônico-degenerativas desse segmento populacional em Natal (RN)

Population aging is a global demographic trend. This process is a reality that merits attention and importance in recent years, and cause considerable impact in terms of greater demands on the health sector, social security and special care and attention from families and society as a whole. Thus, in the context of addressing the consequences of demographic transition, population aging is characterized as a major challenge for Brazilian society. Therefore, this study was conducted in two main objectives. In the first article, variables of socioeconomic and demographic contexts were employed to identify multidimensional profiles of elderly residents in the Northeast capitals, from specific indicators from the 2010 Census information Therefore, we used the Grade of Membership Method (GoM), whose design profiles admits that an individual belongs to different degrees of relevance to multiple profiles in order to identify socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with living conditions of the elderly in the Northeastern capitals. The second article examined the possible relationship between mortality from chronic diseases and socio-economic indicators in the elderly population, of the 137 districts in Natal, broken down by ten-year age groups (60 to 69 years, 70-79 years and 80 and over. The microdata from the Mortality Information System (SIM), was used, provided by the Health Secretariat of Christmas, and population information came from the Population Census 2010. The method refers to the Global and Local Index neighborhood logic (LISA) Moran, whose spatial distribution from the choropleth maps allowed us to analyze the mortality of the elderly by neighborhoods, according to socioeconomic and demographic indicators, according to the presence of special significance. In the first article, the results show the identification of three extreme profiles. The Profile 1 which is characterized by median socioeconomic status and contributes 35.5% of elderly residents in the area considered. The profile 2 which brings together seniors with low socioeconomic status characteristics, with a percentage of 24.8% of cases. And the Profile 3 composing elderly with features that reveal better socioeconomic conditions, about 29.7% of the elderly. Overall, the results point to poor living conditions represented by the definition of these profiles, mainly expressed by the results observed in more than half of the northeastern elderly experience a situation of social vulnerability given the large percentage that makes up the Profile 1 and Profile 2, adding 60% of the elderly. In the second article, the results show a higher proportion of elderly concentrated in the neighborhoods of higher socioeconomic status, such as Petrópolis and LagoaSeca. Mortality rates, according to the causes of death and standardized by the empirical Bayesian method were distributed locally as follows: Neoplasms (Reis Santos, New Discovery, New Town, Grass Soft and Ponta Negra); Hypertensive diseases (Blue Lagoon, Potengi, Redinha, Reis Santos, Riverside, Lagoa Nova, Grass Soft, Neópolis and Ponta Negra); Acute Myocardial Infarction (Northeast, Guarapes and grass Soft); Cerebrovascular diseases (Petrópolis and Mother Luiza); Pneumonia (Ribeira, Praia do Meio, New Discovery, Grass Soft and Ponta Negra); Chronic Diseases of the Lower Way Airlines (Igapó, Northeast and Thursdays). The present findings at work may contribute to other studies on the subject and development of specific policies for the elderly.

El territorio nacional de Misiones a través de su población : aproximaciones a partir del censo de territorios nacionales de 1920

El presente artículo propone el análisis de la composición socio-demográfica del territorio de Misiones a partir de los resultados del censo específico de territorios nacionales de 1920. Este análisis abordará tanto los resultados de este censo, como sus condiciones de producción y los objetivos políticos que inspiraron su realización. A través de este análisis se buscará, en primer lugar, abordar la realización de este censo como parte de la agenda de ampliación de derechos políticos del gobierno radical de la Argentina. En segundo lugar, conocer las características generales de la población de Misiones, en cuanto a su composición según sexo, edades y origen. En tercer lugar, observar las características poblacionales en las zonas fronterizas del territorio. El objetivo será aportar al conocimiento socio-demográfico de Misiones, en tanto permite observar las particularidades en la composición poblacional de las zonas fronterizas que constituyeron los escenarios de un conjunto de movimientos políticos de carácter transfronterizo entre las décadas de 1920 y 1930.

El territorio nacional de Misiones a través de su población : aproximaciones a partir del censo de territorios nacionales de 1920

El presente artículo propone el análisis de la composición socio-demográfica del territorio de Misiones a partir de los resultados del censo específico de territorios nacionales de 1920. Este análisis abordará tanto los resultados de este censo, como sus condiciones de producción y los objetivos políticos que inspiraron su realización. A través de este análisis se buscará, en primer lugar, abordar la realización de este censo como parte de la agenda de ampliación de derechos políticos del gobierno radical de la Argentina. En segundo lugar, conocer las características generales de la población de Misiones, en cuanto a su composición según sexo, edades y origen. En tercer lugar, observar las características poblacionales en las zonas fronterizas del territorio. El objetivo será aportar al conocimiento socio-demográfico de Misiones, en tanto permite observar las particularidades en la composición poblacional de las zonas fronterizas que constituyeron los escenarios de un conjunto de movimientos políticos de carácter transfronterizo entre las décadas de 1920 y 1930.

El territorio nacional de Misiones a través de su población : aproximaciones a partir del censo de territorios nacionales de 1920

El presente artículo propone el análisis de la composición socio-demográfica del territorio de Misiones a partir de los resultados del censo específico de territorios nacionales de 1920. Este análisis abordará tanto los resultados de este censo, como sus condiciones de producción y los objetivos políticos que inspiraron su realización. A través de este análisis se buscará, en primer lugar, abordar la realización de este censo como parte de la agenda de ampliación de derechos políticos del gobierno radical de la Argentina. En segundo lugar, conocer las características generales de la población de Misiones, en cuanto a su composición según sexo, edades y origen. En tercer lugar, observar las características poblacionales en las zonas fronterizas del territorio. El objetivo será aportar al conocimiento socio-demográfico de Misiones, en tanto permite observar las particularidades en la composición poblacional de las zonas fronterizas que constituyeron los escenarios de un conjunto de movimientos políticos de carácter transfronterizo entre las décadas de 1920 y 1930.

New contributions to the native and alien flora in riparian habitats of the Cantabrian watershed (Northern Spain)

As a result of a floristic survey carried out in riparian habitats of northern Spain, new chorological data are provided for 9 alien and 6 native plant species. Some species are reported for the first time at regional scale, such as Carex strigosa, Helianthus x laetiflorus and Persicaria pensylvanica in Cantabria. Also noteworthy is the finding of naturalised populations of the North American grass Muhlenbergia schreberi at the Urumea river basin, which represents the second reference for the Iberian Peninsula.

The elderly care and domestic services sector during the recent economic crisis. The case of Italy, Spain and France.

Over the past ten years in Italy, Spain and France, the demographic pressure and the increasing women’s participation in labour market have fuelled the expansion of the private provision of domestic and care services. In order to ensure the difficult balance between affordability, quality and job creation, each countries’ response has been different. France has developed policies to sustain the demand side introducing instruments such as vouchers and fiscal schemes, since the mid of the 2000s. Massive public funding has contributed to foster a regular market of domestic and care services and France is often presented as a “best practices” of those policies aimed at encouraging a regular private sector. Conversely in Italy and Spain, the development of a private domestic and care market has been mostly uncontrolled and without a coherent institutional design: the osmosis between a large informal market and the regular private care sector has been ensured on the supply side by migrant workers’ regularizations or the introduction of new employment regulations . The analysis presented in this paper aims to describe the response of these different policies to the challenges imposed by the current economic crisis. In dealing with the retrenchment of public expenditure and the reduced households’ purchasing power, Italy, Spain and France are experiencing greater difficulties in ensuring a regular private sector of domestic and care services. In light of that, the paper analyses the recent economic conjuncture presenting some assumptions about the future risk of deeper inequalities rising along with the increase of the process of marketization of domestic and care services in all the countries under analysis.    

Estados Unidos y la guerra por el desarrollo: el control de la natalidad en Chile, 1960-1970

Bajo el paradigma de modernización y desarrollo norteamericano -y en un contexto de Guerra Fría-, durante la década de 1960 se adecuaron a la realidad chilena programas de control de natalidad que no sólo buscaron disminuir las altas tasas de mortalidad materno infantil, sino que además respondieron al proyecto de seguridad hemisférica norteamericana de contención a posibles revoluciones populares en países del Tercer Mundo.

El territorio nacional de Misiones a través de su población : aproximaciones a partir del censo de territorios nacionales de 1920

El presente artículo propone el análisis de la composición socio-demográfica del territorio de Misiones a partir de los resultados del censo específico de territorios nacionales de 1920. Este análisis abordará tanto los resultados de este censo, como sus condiciones de producción y los objetivos políticos que inspiraron su realización. A través de este análisis se buscará, en primer lugar, abordar la realización de este censo como parte de la agenda de ampliación de derechos políticos del gobierno radical de la Argentina. En segundo lugar, conocer las características generales de la población de Misiones, en cuanto a su composición según sexo, edades y origen. En tercer lugar, observar las características poblacionales en las zonas fronterizas del territorio. El objetivo será aportar al conocimiento socio-demográfico de Misiones, en tanto permite observar las particularidades en la composición poblacional de las zonas fronterizas que constituyeron los escenarios de un conjunto de movimientos políticos de carácter transfronterizo entre las décadas de 1920 y 1930.

Envelhecimento populacional, mercado de trabalho e políticas públicas de emprego nos países da OCDE

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar e analisar sucintamente as consequências do processo de envelhecimento populacional no mercado de trabalho e nas políticas públicas de emprego nos países da Organização de Cooperação para Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE). Uma pesquisa bibliográfica composta por seleção, análise, resumo, complementação e confrontação das referências bibliográficas é adotada. As estatísticas disponibilizadas pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) e Organização de Cooperação para Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) são as fontes de dados empíricos e sempre que possível os dados referente ao Brasil são inseridos. O impacto econômico do envelhecimento populacional são evidenciados por meio dos efeitos diretos e indiretos. Os efeitos diretos estão associados à quantidade e à qualidade do emprego e os efeitos indiretos correspondem à redução dos recursos econômicos necessários para lidar com o envelhecimento, à interferência nas decisões dos indivíduos e, ainda, à pressão sobre os sistemas de educação, de seguro social e de saúde. As políticas públicas de emprego podem resolver ou amenizar os efeitos considerados negativos do processo de envelhecimento populacional sobre o mercado de trabalho e, consequentemente, sobre o crescimento econômico dos países. Destaca-se que os países membros da OCDE investigados neste trabalho estão incentivando o retorno dos trabalhadores mais velhos e idosos ao mercado de trabalho, por meio das políticas públicas de emprego, em especial, as políticas ativas, tais como: reciclagem, treinamento, orientação e realocação.

Envelhecimento populacional, mercado de trabalho e políticas públicas de emprego no Brasil

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é caracterizar o processo de envelhecimento populacional no Brasil e analisar suas consequências para o mercado de trabalho e a política pública de emprego. Para tanto, é realizada revisão crítica da literatura e são apresentados dados quantitativos descritivos e estatísticos de fontes secundárias. A taxa de participação dos idosos no mercado de trabalho no Brasil é 44%. É uma taxa elevada para os padrões de países desenvolvidos. No entanto, o maior desafio para a política pública de emprego para idosos no Brasil é sua baixa escolaridade. No país, não existe política pública de emprego específica para os idosos. Fora do campo previdenciário, praticamente não há ação governamental com o objetivo de alterar o nível de emprego entre os idosos. A implantação de política pública de emprego específica para idosos pode amenizar os efeitos negativos do envelhecimento populacional sobre o mercado de trabalho, a exemplo do que já ocorre nos países da OCDE.

BIJAGOS ARCHIPELAGO: Impacts and challenges for environmental sustainability

The Archipelago of Bijagos in Guinea-Bissau is currently subject to numerous external impacts affecting their secular equilibrium. The islands were never contemplated by the colonial development, with the exception of two modest ports in Bubaque and Bolama. The latter place was the capital of the country from 1913 to 1941. The archipelago has attracted increasing interest on the part of economic agents, most of which are incompatible with the guarantee of sustainable development. There has been a general impoverishment as regards the preservation of marine resources, particularly with regard to the internal demographic pressure from a population that has doubled since 1981 and due to other external factors related to the neighboring and subsequent migration depletion of resources not renewable. The article analyzes the main vulnerabilities that the archipelago is currently facing and how natural resources have been preserved. The article follows an interdisciplinary approach between different areas of knowledge especially in projects involving both different academic fields (biology, ecology, geography, anthropology and history), for the nonscientific practices that include actors and institutions.

Qualidade de Vida dos Idosos da Região de Leiria

Objectivo: o presente estudo pretende caracterizar a qualidade de vida dos idosos da Região de Leiria, comparando aqueles que vivem no Domicílio com os que vivem em Instituições. Para tal propomos caracterizar a população em estudo sóciodemograficamente; identificar factores situacionais consoante o seu local de residência; avaliar níveis de dependência , apoio social e funcionalidade familiar; avaliar a qualidade de vida e identificar a relação entre as várias variáveis e a qualidade de vida. Método: Para tal optou-se por passar um questionário a um total de 238 idosos, 111 residentes em Instituições e 127 residentes no domicílio. Ao longo do processo de recolha de dados foram cumpridas as exigências éticas que pautam a nossa profissão. Foram utilizados métodos de estatística descritiva e de estatística analítica para o tratamento de dados. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos permitiram a caracterização sócio-demográfica dos idosos da região de Leiria. Foi ainda possível comparar os dois grupos em estudo, não se tendo encontrado diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos para as variáveis biopsicossociais. Conclusão: A maioria dos idosos inquiridos tem qualidade de vida, sendo que os idosos residentes no domicílio apresentam maior qualidade de vida. /

La situación de las personas con capacidad intelectual límite en España

Se presentan los resultados principales de un estudio de carácter fundamentalmente descriptivo, sobre la situación actual de las personas con capacidad intelectual límite, en 2015. Se centra en describir la realidad demográfica y social de las personas con capacidad intelectual límite, sus necesidades de apoyo y extraer propuestas estratégicas hacia una inclusión social efectiva. Metodológicamente, de acuerdo al nivel de análisis, se optó por técnicas cuantitativas (análisis de fuentes estadísticas) y cualitativas, (entrevistas semiestructuradas a un grupo de personas con capacidad intelectual límite, familias y profesionales. Entre sus principales conclusiones, las personas con capacidad intelectual límite y sus familias demandan una visibilización de sus necesidades de apoyo para una inclusión social efectiva, siendo clave el apoyo para favorecer una vida autónoma e independiente. Las propuestas y buenas prácticas aportan elementos para un modelo de atención individualizada, al mismo tiempo, fundamentada en una participación activa en la comunidad.