“Macau e as Filipinas no século XVI-XIX: “A Rota Maritima da seda “”,

No período que decorre entre o século XVI e o início do século XIX, com o alargamento e ligação das rotas marítimas registaram-se grandes mudanças na rede do comércio internacional. Nesta conjuntura histórica a “rota marítima da seda” contribuiu para a concretização do intercâmbio e comércio direto entre a China e o Ocidente e para a evolução da cidade de Macau e o gradual aumento da procura de produtos de seda chineses no mercado internacional e da prata vinda da América. Com base nas ligações entre Macau e Manila pretendemos dar um contributo para a compreensão da complexidade e amplitude das redes comerciais que criam um comércio à escala global.

La mamoglabina : una nueva posibilidad en la detección del cáncer de mama

La proteína mamoglobina, particularmente su región central, es un potencial biomarcador para la detección del cáncer de mama. Los anticuerpos dirigidos contra esta región permiten establecer la concentración de mamoglabina en el suero y diferenciar entre individuos sanos y pacientes que tienen dicha enfermedad. Los pacientes con cáncer de mama presentan una concentración mayor de mamoglobina sérica que la de los individuos sanos. Esta parece no estar influenciada por los cambios hormonales que ocurren en la vida de la mujer.

Assessing the use of forest islands by parrot species in a neotropical savanna

Understanding the effect of habitat fragmentation is a fundamental yet complicated aim of many ecological studies. Beni savanna is a naturally fragmented forest habitat, where forest islands exhibit variation in resources and threats. To understand how the availability of resources and threats affect the use of forest islands by parrots, we applied occupancy modeling to quantify use and detection probabilities for 12 parrot species on 60 forest islands. The presence of urucuri (Attalea phalerata) and macaw (Acrocomia aculeata) palms, the number of tree cavities on the islands, and the presence of selective logging,and fire were included as covariates associated with availability of resources and threats. The model-selection analysis indicated that both resources and threats variables explained the use of forest islands by parrots. For most species, the best models confirmed predictions. The number of cavities was positively associated with use of forest islands by 11 species. The area of the island and the presence of macaw palm showed a positive association with the probability of use by seven and five species, respectively, while selective logging and fire showed a negative association with five and six species, respectively. The Blue-throated Macaw (Ara glaucogularis), the critically endangered parrot species endemic to our study area, was the only species that showed a negative association with both threats. Monitoring continues to be essential to evaluate conservation and management actions of parrot populations. Understanding of how species are using this natural fragmented habitat will help determine which fragments should be preserved and which conservation actions are needed.

Petrology and geochemistry of the banded iron formation in the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas of San Luis (Argentina): Implications for the evolution of the Nogoli Metamorphic Complex

The metamorphosed banded iron formation from the Nogoli Metamorphic Complex of western Sierra de San Luis, Eastern Sierras Pampeanas of Argentina (Nogoli area, 32 degrees 55`S-66 degrees 15`W) is classified as an oxide facies iron formation of Algoma Type, with a tectonic setting possibly associated with an island arc or back arc, on the basis of field mapping, mineral and textural arrangements and whole rock geochemical features. The origin of banded iron formation is mainly related to chemical precipitation of hydrogenous sediments from seawater in oceanic environments. The primary chemical precipitate is a result of solutions that represent mixtures of seawater and hydrothermal fluids, with significant dilution by maficultramafic volcanic and siliciclastic materials. Multi-stage T(DM) model ages of 1670, 1854 and 1939 Ma and positive, mantle-like xi Nd((1502)) values of +3.8, +1.5 and +0.5 from the banded iron formation are around the range of those mafic to ultramafic meta-volcanic rocks of Nogoli Metamorphic Complex, which are between 1679 and 1765 Ma and +2.64 and +3.68, respectively. This Sm and Nd isotopic connection suggests a close genetic relationship between ferruginous and mafic-ultramafic meta-volcanic rocks, as part of the same island arc or back arc setting. A previous Sm-Nd whole rock isochron of similar to 1.5 Ga performed on mafic-ultramafic meta-volcanic rocks led to the interpretation that chemical sedimentation as old as Mesoproterozoic is possible for the banded iron formation. A clockwise P-T path can be inferred for the regional metamorphic evolution of the banded iron formation, with three distinctive trajectories: (1) Relict prograde M(1)-M(3) segment with gradual P and T increase from greenschist facies at M(1) to amphibolite facies at M(3). (2) Peak P-T conditions at high amphibolite-low granulite facies during M(4). (3) Retrograde counterpart of M(4), that returns from amphibolite facies and stabilizes at greenschist facies during M(5). Each trajectory may be regarded as produced by different tectonic events related to the Pampean? (1) and the Famatinian (2 and 3) orogenies, during the Early to Middle Paleozoic. The Nogoli Metamorphic Complex is interpreted as part of a greenstone belt within the large Meso- to Neoproterozoic Pampean Terrane of the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas of Argentina. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

La comprensión literal e inferencial de textos escritos en inglés

Los cuestionarios de comprensión lectora sobre un texto escrito en inglés se diseñan, por lo general, en base a preguntas literales, aquellas que apuntan a desarrollar las capacidades mnemómicas de los alumnos. La comprensión inferencial es poco practicada en los cursos de lecto-comprensión a nivel universitario. Este trabajo examina contrastativamente las estrategias lectoras de comprensión Iiteral e inferencial empleadas por los alumnos que cursaron Inglés I en la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Socides, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo) en el año 2004. El cuestionario de comprensión lectora incluye dos preguntas literales y dos inferenciales sobre un texto argumentativo escrito en inglés. Se analizaron 58 respuestas a preguntas literales e inferenciales (116 en total) usando una adaptación de la taxonomía propuesta por Parodi et al. (1997). Los resulrados indicaron que, si bien los alumnos mostraron algunas dificultades para responder preguntas literales, más limitaciones se observaron en cuanto a las capacidades estratégicas de los alumnos de comprensión inferencial. Se concluye que un entrenamiento sistemático de estrategias de comprensión literal y,en especial, inferencial es necesario para promover el desarrollo de capacidades cognitivas de mayor jerarquía y exigencia.

GIS technologies and spatial organization patterns among hunter-gatherers: an archaeological case study from Southern Patagonia (southern South America)

This paper discusses some aspects of hunter-gatherer spatial organization in southern South Patagonia, in later times to 10,000 cal yr BP. Various methods of spatial analysis, elaborated with a Geographic Information System (GIS) were applied to the distributional pattern of archaeological sites with radiocarbon dates. The shift in the distributional pattern of chronological information was assessed in conjunction with other lines of evidence within a biogeographic framework. Accordingly, the varying degrees of occupation and integration of coastal and interior spaces in human spatial organization are explained in association with the adaptive strategies hunter-gatherers have used over time. Both are part of the same human response to changes in risk and uncertainty variability in the region in terms of resource availability and environmental dynamics.

Anexo al Convenio Marco entre la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y la Universidad de Cuenca Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas

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